The Relationship between Cyberbullying Victimization and Depression: The Moderating Effects of Gender and Age

Using cross-sectional, self-report data this study investigates the effect of cyberbullying victimization on depression with gender and age as moderating factors. The sample (n = 1400) consisted of students in a large public university in Kuwait. First, the results show that gender was a significant predictor of depression with females being higher than males on this measure. Second, age was a significant negative predictor with older subjects less likely than younger ones to experience depression. Finally, the study examined the interaction effect of gender and age with cyber-victimization. Results indicate that there is no significant interaction effect between gender and cyber-victimization. However, a significant interaction effect exists between age and cyber-victimization. Older subjects are likely to suffer more depression when exposed to cyber-victimization than younger ones.

Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence:A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal evidence.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, ERIC and Psyc INFO electronic databases up to 28 February 2015. The study included published longitudinal and cross-sectional articles that examined health and psychosocial consequences of bullying victimization. All meta-analyses were based on qualityeffects models. Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria and the grading system developed by the World Cancer Research Fund.RESULTS Out of 317 articles assessed for eligibility, 165 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.Statistically significant associations were observed between bullying victimization and a wide range of adverse health and psychosocial problems. The evidence was strongest for causal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, poor general health and suicidal ideation and behaviours. Probable causal associations existed between bullying victimization and tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. Evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong evidence that bullying victimization is causative of mental illness highlights the need for schools to implement effective interventions to address bullying behaviours.

Health correlates, addictive behaviors, and peer victimization among adolescents in China

Background Peer victimization has been recognized as a common social problem affecting children and adolescents in all parts of the world. This study aims to examine the prevalence of different types of peer victimization and to evaluate the associations between peer victimization and health correlates. Methods Using a large population sample of 18,341 adolescents aged 15–17 years from 6 cities in China, this study esti-mated the prevalence of different types of peer victimization, addictive behaviors, and health-related variables with self-administrated questionnaires. A three-phase logistical regression analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between peer victimization and addictive behaviors as well as health-related factors among adolescents. Results A total of 42.9% of the surveyed Chinese adolescents have been bullied by peers, with boys reporting higher rate on overt victimization (36.9%) and girls on relational forms (33.9%). School environment (34.7%) was the most frequent scene of peer violence, followed by neighborhood, family, and internet. Addictive behaviors except substance abuse were found related to higher possibility of peer victimization (aOR 1.21–1.73, P<0.001). Peer victimization was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and suicide ideation and deliberate self-harm (aOR 1.05–2.27, P<0.001), and poorer self-esteem and health-related quality of life (aOR 0.95–0.97, P<0.001). Conclusion Possible explanations of the associations found in this study are discussed and implications for future services are raised.

Challenges in Implementing DVI Best Practice Guidelines Due to the Brumadinho Disaster

The broke of a tailings dam from Vale S.A. destroyed a gigantic area killing 270 persons in Brumadinho/Brazil. Organizing activities after a mass disaster is a complex process that requires the involvement of many people and resources in the laboratory. To DNA identification of the victims, a daunting work had to be made by DNA laboratory staff in a collaborative effort with many partners. Efforts to implement good practice guidelines in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) have revealed several important aspects that need to change in the forensic DNA laboratory. This article highlights the challenges of implementing DVI best practice guidelines in resource-poor settings, but with professionals from different sectors engaged in the same goal of briefly identifying victims and helping families and society.

Unveiling Global Human Trafficking Trends: A Comprehensive Analysis

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of global human trafficking trends over a twenty-year period, leveraging a robust dataset from the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC). The study unfolds in a systematic manner, beginning with a detailed data collection phase, where ethical and legal standards for data usage and privacy are strictly observed. Following collection, the data undergoes a rigorous preprocessing stage, involving cleaning, integration, transformation, and normalization to ensure accuracy and consistency for analysis. The analytical phase employs time-series analysis to delineate historical trends and utilizes predictive modeling to forecast future trajectories of human trafficking using the advanced analytical capabilities of Power BI. A comparative analysis across regions—Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe—is conducted to identify and visualize the distribution of human trafficking, dissecting the data by victim demographics, types of exploitation, and duration of victimization. The findings of this study not only offer a descriptive and predictive outlook on trafficking patterns but also provide insights into the regional nuances that influence these trends. The article underscores the prevalence and persistence of human trafficking, identifies factors contributing to its evolution, and discusses the implications for policy and law enforcement. By integrating a methodological approach with quantitative analysis, this research contributes to the strategic planning and resource allocation for combating human trafficking. It highlights the necessity for continued research and international cooperation to effectively address and mitigate this global issue. The implications of this research are significant, offering actionable insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and advocates in the ongoing battle against human trafficking.

Characteristics and Obstetrical Outcomes of Post-Rape Pregnancies among Adolescent Girls in Post Conflict Context in Eastern DR Congo

Introduction: In conflicts such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, sexual violence is systematically perpetrated against children and adolescent girls. Unwanted pregnancy is one of the complications with a myriad of consequences for the victim, the newborn, and society. This study aims to draw up characteristics and obstetrical outcomes of post-rape pregnancies of victims under 18 years old treated at Panzi General Referral Hospital (PGRH) in Eastern DR Congo. Methods: A single-centre prospective descriptive study was conducted at PGRH over two years (June 2020 to June 2022). This study included 140 adolescent girls who became pregnant post sexual assault. They were followed from confirmation of pregnancy to delivery. Sociodemographic, psycho-affective and clinical parameters were recorded and analyzed using XLSTAT 2014 software. Results: 76.4% came from rural areas, with a median age of 16 [13-17]. Pregnancy was continued in 50.7% and terminated in 20%. The victims were casual acquaintances of the perpetrators in 33.6% and unknown in 26.4%. 57.9% attended regular antenatal consultations. 74.3% had an individual birth plan/preparation for labor, with the primary route of delivery being vaginal (69.3%). The frequency of caesarean sections was 30.7%. Some psychological symptoms were identified during labor in 52.9% like agitation (10.7%) and hypersensitivity (8.6%). Conclusion: Pregnancy post rape is a public health problem affecting adolescents between 13 and 17 years of age. These pregnancies require closer follow-up with multi-disciplinary shared care, including psychology, obstetrics, and community input, to improve mother and newborn antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum outcomes. In addition, long-term psychological sequelae of these pregnancies can be mitigated through supportive care in this high-risk period.

Narratives of Traumatic Memory and Relocation of Victims in The Lotus and the Storm

Since the 1990s,an increasing number of 1.5 generation Vietnamese-American writers who were raised and educated in America have emerged.Their writings have explored the devastating effects of the Vietnam War on immigrants,offering American literature an alternative angle on the conflict.Lan Cao,a Vietnamese-American,is the author of The Lotus and the Storm which set in war-torn Vietnam.The novel’s main characters go through the excruciating anguish of losing families and displacement.Meanwhile,they suffered from everlasting trauma although they immigrated to the United States.This essay examines the novel’s ongoing war trauma and post-war memories,illustrates the post-traumatic syndrome brought on by the Vietnam War in the Vietnamese people as a whole,and investigates how practitioners heal the trauma.

提升稀疏目录缓存一致性系统性能的方法

稀疏目录技术在缓存一致性非一致存储访问(cache coherent non-uniform memory access,ccNUMA)系统中有广泛应用.但是,稀疏目录技术的一个主要缺陷在于目录项替换在目录热点存在的情况下会严重降低系统的性能.针对此问题,研究如何提升稀疏目录性能.首先,从定性和定量的角度对主流的稀疏目录替换算法进行了分析,并且发现最为原始的最久未使用(least-recent-used,LRU)算法的性能实际上要优于一些近期提出的目录替换算法,如最少共享者(least-sharer-count,LSC)算法.其次,将victim cache的思想应用到稀疏目录上,提出了victim目录(victim directory),该技术在主稀疏目录模块上加入了一个小的全相联二级目录存储.最后,提出了选择性victim目录(selective victim directory)技术,使得victim目录选择性地仅存储有用的目录项,从而进一步减少了目录替换的数量.选择性victim目录通过向所有节点的cache发出探查消息(probe messages),从而选择性地存储较为有用的目录项.实验证明,选择性victim目录取得了比简单victim目录更好的性能;而且在仅增加了1KB左右的硬件开销的代价下,选择性victim目录节省了35.7%的程序运行时间.

Childhood Adversity Phenotypes and Risky Health Behaviors among Chinese Adolescents: Extending the Concept of Adversity

ObjectiveTo present an approach to phenotyping ACEs and explore the association between ACEs and adolescent health risky behaviors based on the social context of China.Methods Totally,5,726 adolescents aged 12-18 years were investigated about their ACEs in the family,peer,school,and personal domains and the occurrence of six types of risky health behaviors(i.e.,smoking,drinking,sexual intercourse,self-harm,and suicidal ideation and attempts).Latent class analysis(LCA)was used to explore the ACE patterns.Results Six latent classes of ACEs were identified,including low adversity,school adversity,school adversity and peer victimization,peer victimization,maltreatment and peer victimization,and high adversity,and associated with risky health behaviors in adolescents.Being physically punished by a teacher,experiencing sexual abuse,and experiencing family trauma most strongly differentiated from the six AcE classes and were correlated with an increased risk for risky adolescent health behaviors.ConclusionThis study supports a positive association between ACEs and risky adolescent health behaviors.Peer victimization,school adversity and associated contexts need to be considered in future ACEstudies.

Getting Out: A Struggle for Autonomy in Physical and Social Confinement

This study comprises an analysis of the American feminist playwright Marsha Norman’s play Getting Out from a socialist-feminist perspective. Getting Out is about the physical and psychological confinement of the victimized protagonist Arlie Holsclaw in contemporary patriarchal American society. Throughout the play, the factors that victimize Arlie are given as the outcomes of a patriarchal society with its basic institutions as the family,educational system, religion and the law symbolized by the correctional rehabilitation. These factors which are under the hegemony of patriarchal authority shape Arlie’s life as beginning from her childhood in the past and define her present search for female autonomy.

Ecocritical Analysis of Kaine Angary’s Yellow-Yellow

Kaine Angary’s(2006)Yellow-Yellow depicts the sordid conditions of the people in Niger-Delta,especially the women who are exposed to various exploitations as a result of the ecological problems of the environment.These ecological problems result to social ills in the society.Kaine Angary exposes the moral bankruptcy caused by joblessness,poverty,lack of social amenities,and environmental degradation in the Niger-Delta community.The author gives a vivid pictorial view of the patriarchal and cultural victimizations that the women are subjected to as a result of the horrible conditions in their environment.The women are sexually exploited by both foreign and local men because they need to survive in this hostile region that is suffocating.This paper explores the female predicament in the Niger-Delta region.It also explores the differences between the urban and rural communities in this region.Finally,it examines how the gains of exploration of oil elude the people who should have benefit greatly from the exploration of oil in the region.

Struggling in a Chaste Labyrinth:Tess,a Victim in Traditional Moral Concepts

The present article makes comments on the film,Tess and draws the conclusion that the film carved a resourceful heroine and showed the audience a real,alive social world and also let us review our social moral standards through the character,which is a victim of traditional moral concepts.

Knowledge Discovery for Query Formulation for Validation of a Bayesian Belief Network

This paper proposes machine learning techniques to discover knowledge in a dataset in the form of if-then rules for the purpose of formulating queries for validation of a Bayesian belief network model of the same data. Although do-main expertise is often available, the query formulation task is tedious and laborious, and hence automation of query formulation is desirable. In an effort to automate the query formulation process, a machine learning algorithm is lev-eraged to discover knowledge in the form of if-then rules in the data from which the Bayesian belief network model under validation was also induced. The set of if-then rules are processed and filtered through domain expertise to identify a subset that consists of “interesting” and “significant” rules. The subset of interesting and significant rules is formulated into corresponding queries to be posed, for validation purposes, to the Bayesian belief network induced from the same dataset. The promise of the proposed methodology was assessed through an empirical study performed on a real-life dataset, the National Crime Victimization Survey, which has over 250 attributes and well over 200,000 data points. The study demonstrated that the proposed approach is feasible and provides automation, in part, of the query formulation process for validation of a complex probabilistic model, which culminates in substantial savings for the need for human expert involvement and investment.

Beck, a Victim in Victorian Age

With the method of comparative study and text analysis,this paper analyses Becky’s misfortune in the aspect of love,family and friendship,and seeks into roots of her loss in that dark and corruptive society.Besides,in the present day society,people are commonly indulged in material enjoyment,easy to intrigue against others and alienate from friends,family members or even the society.Becky’s bitter experience and failure can be of educational meanings to people today.

Bertha——A Victim to the Patriarchal Social Conventions

Bertha Masan,the obstacle to the marriage between Jane and Rochester,is in fact a victim of the patriarchal society.This paper aims to make a tentative probe into the tragic destiny of Bertha from the perspective of patriarchal conventions.

含泪的荒唐(英文)

The paper unveils the tragic root of many characters in the novel--Great Expectations--by analyzing their thoughts and behavior thoroughly and reveals a vivid social background of the 19th century. It has an original view and is worth reading.

Bullying among people with visual impairment: Prevalence, associated factors and relationship to self-efficacy and life satisfaction

AIM To examine associated factors of bullying and to determine associations between bullying and psychosocial outcomes among individuals with visual impairments(Ⅵ). METHODS We conducted an age-stratified cross-sectional survey of adults with Ⅵ who were recruited from the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Data were collected through structural telephone interviews in the period between February and May, 2017. Linear regression models were used to examine factors related to bullying and associations of bullying with self-efficacy and life satisfaction.RESULTS A total of 736 individuals were interviewed. The lifetime and 6-mo prevalence of bullying was 41.7% and8.2%, respectively. The majority of bullied participants reported Ⅵ-specific bullying(65.1%). Victimization of bullying was associated with young age, early onsetage of Ⅵ, and having other impairments. Participants who reported bullying had lower levels of self-efficacy[Adjusted relative risk(ARR): 0.40, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.19-0.85] and life satisfaction(ARR: 0.68,95%CI: 0.51-0.91).CONCLUSION Bullying is highly prevalent among individuals withⅥ. Our findings suggest that interventions to reduce bullying may be beneficial for improving the well-being and life quality of people with Ⅵ.

Who is at risk in the French mountains? Profiles of the accident victims in outdoor sports and mountain recreation

The risk of both severe and frequent injury associated with active pursuits in mountain areas is acknowledged. This phenomenon is all the most relevant to investigate in France that there is a growing enthusiasm for outdoor sports and recreation. This paper focuses on the social-demographic and sporting profiles of accident victims. Our intent is to better understand who is specifically at risk, while practicing mountain recreation, in the French mountains. Such identification doubtlessly constitutes an important asset in order to enhance prevention. Three critical activities are notably tackled, among some others: hiking, a widespread activity that exposes many practitioners to hazardous settings; mountaineering and ski touring, supposedly entailing the most severe injuries.In order to align the information collected, then provide estimations based on the reasoned crossing of these secondary data, we consulted and summarised all the databases that we knew of on the French territory: rescue team intervention reports, aggregated statistics from the sports ministry, sporting federation accident declarations, avalanche experts statistics, mountain guides union accident/incident reports, healthcare facilities admissions, etc. Only the sources consideredto be the most reliable and representative were used, owing to the number of cases processed, the exhaustive nature of data collection, or the level of information detail available. Our method also included consultation of all the parties playing an active role in prevention, training and mountain rescue, thus ensuring a participative, co-constructive approach to the study with the people that have the best knowledge of victim profiles. Around fifty such parties were interviewed on the methods implemented, the benefits and limits of current data, and the main expectations in terms of accidentology progress, thus further enhancing the credibility of the study proposed in this paper. Our results show that the parent population profiles(in terms of age, gender, place of residence, etc.), weighted by the level of exposure(frequency of participation, level of engagement, etc.) appears to have an impact on the accident victim profiles. There is certainly a very marked gender bias and a serious age impact to be taken into account, as well as the influence of the level of experience, which counter certain preconceived ideas and which, at the very least, go against instinct. However, aside from a probable over-exposure of experienced or expert participants, much remains to be explained concerning the accident mechanisms and circumstances involved. At this stage, we regret the analytic deficiencies induced by a lack ofknowledge concerning the parent populations in many cases, which makes interpretation difficult.

Mountaineering incidents in France: analysis of search and rescue interventions on a 10-year period(from 2008 to 2018)

In Europe and especially in France,there is a growing enthusiasm for outdoor sports and recreation.In the meantime,the risk of both severe and frequent injuries associated with active pursuits is acknowledged,especially in mountainous areas.The effectiveness of prevention must rely on detailed knowledge of typical circumstances and scenarios but thorough understanding of the mechanisms of accidentality remains limited by the fragmentation of sources and by mostly heterogeneous methodologies.This paper aims at giving insights on victims’profiles,season,location,and circumstances of mountaineering accidents in the French Alps,through the study of rescue interventions data from 2008 to 2018.Thanks to the analysis of the exhaustive database of search and rescue interventions from the French mountain national police force,and while questioning its limitations,we strive to answer two questions:what are the characteristics of the hazardous situations leading to a rescue intervention in mountaineering?Among these situations,what are the characteristics that tend to make them more harmful?

Nurses' families' experiences of involvement in nursing errors: A qualitative study

Background: The most important and irreversible consequence of medical errors is the human impact caused by unintended actions.In a few studies,the significant impact of this error on the private life of healthcare staff have been mentioned,but the problems of the involved nurses' families had been ignored,as of now.Aims: This study aimed to explain the nurses' families' experiences of involvement in nursing errors.Methods: This is a qualitative study using conventional content analysis with 20 semi-structured interviews conducted with nurses and family members of nurses involved in medical errors,done through purposeful sampling and willingness to participate in the study.Results: The results of the data analysis consisted of five main categories including disruption in family functioning,the crisis of fear,oppression,damage,and neglect,along with 15 subcategories.Conclusion: Considering the effects of nursing errors on the families of nurses involved in the error,such as disruption of family functioning,the family of nurses involved in the error should also be considered and paid attention to.These families are abandoned and the need to promote the culture of supporting the family is tangible.