A High-performance Low Cost Inverse Integer Transform Architecture for AVS Video Standard

A high-performance, low cost inverse integer transform architecture for advanced video standard （AVS） video coding standard was presented. An 8 × 8 inverse integer transform is required in AVS video system which is compute-intensive. A hardware transform is inevitable to compute the transform for the real-time application. Compared with the 4 × 4 transform for H.264/AVC, the 8 × 8 integer transform is much more complex and the coefficient in the inverse transform matrix Ts is not inerratic as that in H.264/AVC. Dividing the Ts into matrix Ss and Rs, the proposed architecture is implemented with the adders and the specific CSA-trees instead of multipliers, which are area and time consuming. The architecture obtains the data processing rate up to 8 pixels per-cycle at a low cost of area. Synthesized to TSMC 0.18 μm COMS process, the architecture attains the operating frequency of 300 MHz at cost of 34 252 gates with a 2-stage pipeline scheme. A reusable scheme is also introduced for the area optimization, which results in the operating frequency of 143 MHz at cost of only 19 758 gates.

Introduction to the High-Efficiency Video Coding Standard

The high-efficiency video coding （HEVC） standard is the newest video coding standard currently under joint development by ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group （VCEG） and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group （MPEG）. HEVC is the next-generation video coding standard after H.264/AVC. The goals of the HEVC standardization effort are to double the video coding efficiency of existing H.264/AVC while supporting all the recognized potential applications, such as, video telephony, storage, broadcast, streaming, especially for large picture size video （4k x 2k）. The HEVC standard will be completed as an ISO/iEC and ITU-T standard in January 2013. in February 2012, the HEVC standardization process reached its committee draft （CD） stage. The ever-improving HEVC standard has demonstrated a significant gain in coding efficiency in rate-distortion efficiency relative to the existing H.264/AVC. This paper provides an overview of the technical features of HEVC close to HEVC CD stage, covering high-level structure, coding units, prediction units, transform units, spatial signal transformation and PCM representation, intra-picture prediction, inter-picture prediction, entropy coding and in-loop filtering. The HEVC coding efficiency performances comparing with H.264/AVC are also provided.

Very Low Bit-Rate Video Coding by Combining H.264/AVC Standard and 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform

In this paper, we propose a new method for very low bit-rate video coding that combines H.264/AVC standard and two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. In this method, first a two dimensional wavelet transform is applied on each video frame independently to extract the low frequency components for each frame and then the low frequency parts of all frames are coded using H.264/AVC codec. On the other hand, the high frequency parts of the video frames are coded by Run Length Coding algorithm, after applying a threshold to neglect the low value coefficients. Experiments show that our proposed method can achieve better rate-distortion performance at very low bit-rate applications below 16 kbits/s compared to applying H.264/AVC standard directly to all frames. Applications of our proposed video coding technique include video telephony, video-conferencing, transmitting or receiving video over half-rate traffic channels of GSM networks.

STUDY ON SEMANTIC-BASED VIDEO WATERMARKING METHOD

A new video watermarking method for the Audio Video coding Standard (AVS) is proposed. According to human visual masking properties, this method determines the region of interest for watermark embedding by analyzing video semantics, and generates dynamic robust watermark according to video motion semantics, and embeds watermarks in the Intermediate Frequency (IF) Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients of the luminance sub-block prediction residual in the region of interest. This method controls watermark embedding strength adaptively by video textures semantics. Ex- periments show that this method is robust not only to various conventional attacks, but also to re-frame, frame cropping, frame deletion and other video-specific attacks.

Review of AVS Audio Coding Standard

Audio Video Coding Standard （AVS） is a second-generation source coding standard and the first standard for audio and video coding in China with independent intellectual property rights. Its performance has reached the international standard. Its coding efficiency is 2 to 3 times greater than that of MPEG -2. This technical solution is more simple, and it can greatly save channel resource. After more than ten years＇ development, AVS has achieved great success. The latest version of the AVS audio coding standard is ongoing and mainly aims at the increasing demand for low bitrate and high quality audio services. The paper reviews the history and recent development of AVS audio coding standard in terms of basic features, key techniques and performance. Finally, the future development of AVS audio coding standard is discussed.

新一代通用视频编码标准H.266/VVC:现状与发展

相比于上一代标准,新一代通用视频编码标准(H.266/VVC)在同等质量下能够节省大约50%的码率,且适用于多种多样的视频应用场景。论文从H.266/VVC的关键技术出发,对标准的现状、实现和应用发展进行深入探讨。H.266/VVC沿用既往标准中的双层码流体系和混合编码框架,针对帧内预测、帧间预测、变换、量化、环路滤波等所有主要编码模块进行了技术革新,并为屏幕内容视频等应用提供了高效的专用编码工具。H.266/VVC标准目前已处于实用化阶段,官方参考软件VTM和开源编解码器VVenC/VVdeC是目前最具代表性的软件编解码实现。对H.266/VVC的性能分析可以看出:H.266/VVC针对高分辨率视频取得的编码增益更为突出;主要编码工具对性能的贡献通常以复杂度为代价,但也有部分编码工具在提升编码性能的同时可降低整体编码复杂度。H.266/VVC的硬件实现面临诸多挑战,发展明显滞后于软件实现,现有研究主要集中在对具体编码模块的硬件加速方面。H.266/VVC标准发布之后,下一代视频编码标准的发展目前仍围绕混合编码框架进行探索,聚焦在两大方向:超越VVC的增强压缩关注更为先进的、非神经网络的编码工具,基于神经网络的视频编码则探索采用神经网络的编码工具。除此之外,部分或完全跳出现有混合编码框架的端到端视频编码也在飞速发展,未来视频编码标准与神经网络结合成为趋势,但面临着计算资源依赖和稳定结构两方面的考验。

Can Video Conferencing Be as Easy as Telephoning?—A Home Healthcare Case Study

In comparison with almost universal adoption of telephony and mobile technologies in modern day healthcare, video conferencing has yet to become a ubiquitous clinical tool. Currently telehealth services are faced with a bewildering range of video conferencing software and hardware choices. This paper provides a case study in the selection of video conferencing services by the Flinders University Telehealth in the Home trial (FTH Trial) to support healthcare in the home. Using pragmatic methods, video conferencing solutions available on the market were assessed for usability, reliability, cost, compatibility, interoperability, performance and privacy considerations. The process of elimination through which the eventual solution was chosen, the selection criteria used for each requirement and the corresponding results are described. The resulting product set, although functional, had restricted ability to directly connect with systems used by healthcare providers elsewhere in the system. This outcome illustrates the impact on one small telehealth provider of the broader struggles between competing video conferencing vendors. At stake is the ability to communicate between healthcare organizations and provide public access to healthcare. Comparison of the current state of the video conferencing market place with the evolution of the telephony system reveals that video conferencing still has a long way to go before it can be considered as easy to use as the telephone. Health organizations that are concerned to improve access and quality of care should seek to influence greater standardization and interoperability though cooperation with one another, the private sector, international organizations and by encouraging governments to play a more active role in this sphere.

Hardware Implementation and System Control Strategy of Videoconference System Based on Rec. H. 261

The design and realization of a videoconference system based on international recommendation are introduced in this paper, and the hardware implementation of video codec based on ITU-T H. 261 is briefly discussed. Furthermore, the buffer control method and the adaptive control strategy for quantization are proposed, which are adaptive and robust. This system can be operated under the transmission rate ranging from 128kb/s to 2Mb/s. With these strategies for the videoconference system, the high quality image is obtained. The time delay of the system is about half a second.

中国石油井下作业数字化监督发展问题与对策

阐述了中国石油井下作业数字化监督在监督人员数字化管理、施工队伍数字化监督、施工作业数字化监督、井场环境数字化监督4个方面的发展现状。分析了井下作业数字化监督发展面临数字化监督管理制度不健全、监督数据标准不统一、数字化智能监督技术不完善、缺少统一的数字化智能监督平台、监督数据价值挖掘不深入5个方面的主要问题。提出了制定井下作业数字化监督管理制度、建立井下作业监督数据标准、攻关数字化智能监督关键技术、研发井下作业数字化智能监督平台、提升监督大数据分析应用水平5项数字化监督发展对策。展望了井下作业数字化监督建设发展后在提升监督人员履职效率、降低监督人力资源成本、提升工程质量、保障施工安全与环保4个方面的预期成效。

Enhanced Adaptive Approach of Video Coding at Very Low Bit Rate Using MSPIHT Algorithm

Nowadays video coding approach is a major key in many applications for easy transmission and storage consumption. The process of transformation is based on the empirical wavelet transform (EWT). The encoding process of video data provides secure and less consumption of storage and the reconstruction process consists of the reverse process with the extraction. In this paper, the coding of video is carried out at a very low bit rate with the enhancement of performance by proposing an approach of modified Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Tree (MSPIHT). This method encodes the high frequency frames with the scheduling of wavelet transform for efficient performances of encoding and improves the ability of both the frequency and time. By applying empirical wavelet transform on each video frame, the component of video frequency is extracted and the low frequency frame is encoded by the H.264/AVC standard. The low coefficient values are ignored in applying the threshold and in the reconstruction process, HBLPCE method is used for imaging enhancement. The simulation of the proposed approach analysis shows better performance in reliable process and efficiency when compared to existing.

Accuracy Assessment and Guidelines for Manual Traffic Counts from Pre-Recorded Video Data

Traffic count is the fundamental data source for transportation planning, management, design, and effectiveness evaluation. Recording traffic flow and counting from the recorded videos are increasingly used due to convenience, high accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Manual counting from pre-recorded video footage can be prone to inconsistencies and errors, leading to inaccurate counts. Besides, there are no standard guidelines for collecting video data and conducting manual counts from the recorded videos. This paper aims to comprehensively assess the accuracy of manual counts from pre-recorded videos and introduces guidelines for efficiently collecting video data and conducting manual counts by trained individuals. The accuracy assessment of the manual counts was conducted based on repeated counts, and the guidelines were provided from the experience of conducting a traffic survey on forty strip mall access points in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. The percentage of total error, classification error, and interval error were found to be 1.05 percent, 1.08 percent, and 1.29 percent, respectively. Besides, the percent root mean square errors (RMSE) were found to be 1.13 percent, 1.21 percent, and 1.48 percent, respectively. Guidelines were provided for selecting survey sites, instruments and timeframe, fieldwork, and manual counts for an efficient traffic data collection survey.

车路协同感知技术研究进展及展望

近年来,我国自动驾驶研究逐步从聚焦于单车智能技术向车路协同技术转变,为智能交通产业发展带来了重大机遇;我国在车路协同感知领域的研究虽处于起步阶段,但注重技术推动,未来发展前景广阔。本文致力于深入探讨车路协同感知技术的发展动态,梳理了车路协同感知基础支撑技术的特性和发展现状,厘清了车路协同感知技术的研究进展,探讨了其技术发展趋势,并针对推动车路协同感知技术发展提出了一系列建议。研究表明,车路协同感知技术正朝着多源数据融合方向发展,主要集中在纯视觉协同感知技术优化、激光雷达点云处理技术升级、多传感器时空信息匹配与数据融合技术发展以及车路协同感知技术标准体系构建等方面。为进一步促进我国车路协同自动驾驶产业的迅速成长,研究建议,加大对多模态车路协同感知技术的研发投入、深化行业间的合作、制定统一的感知数据处理技术标准并加速技术应用普及,以期推动我国在全球自动驾驶竞争中赢得主动,推动自动驾驶行业稳定持续发展。

三维影像联合手术录像编辑在提升住院医师外科技能中的应用研究

目的 探讨三维可视化影像联合手术录像编辑教学模式在提升住院医师外科技能中的应用效果。方法 选取2021年7月—2022年6月在中山大学附属第六医院肝胆胰脾外科进行规范化培训的36名住院医师为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=18)和试验组(n=18)。对照组采用临床阅片结合临床教师手术回放讲解的传统教学方法,试验组采用三维可视化影像联合住院医师自主进行手术录像编辑和讲解的教学方法。两组均采用腹腔镜训练器考核和问卷调查进行评价。结果 腹腔镜训练器考核结果显示,试验组腹腔镜下单结缝合打结平均耗时为(37.2±3.4) s,对照组为(48.4±5.8) s,两组差异具有统计学意义(t=7.084,P<0.001)。问卷调查结果显示,试验组认为:新教学模式对调动学员学习积极性有帮助的比例高于对照组(88.9%vs. 50.0%,P=0.027);对激发工作兴趣有帮助的比例高于对照组(88.9%vs. 44.4%,P=0.012);对提高解剖认识有帮助的比例高于对照组(100.0%vs. 38.9%,P=0.001);对加深手术理解有帮助的比例高于对照组(100.0%vs. 33.3%,P=0.001);对提升腔镜技能有帮助的比例高于对照组(94.4%vs.33.3%,P=0.001);对教学模式满意的比例也高于对照组(100.0%vs. 55.6%,P=0.003)。结论 三维可视化影像联合手术录像编辑教学模式能够有效调动住院医师的学习积极性,激发其对肝胆胰脾外科的从业兴趣,提高其对于肝胆胰脾外科相关解剖的认识,加深对手术的理解和提升腹腔镜下的操作技能,值得临床上推广应用。

腹腔镜手术视频教学在妇产科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果

目的探讨腹腔镜手术视频教学在妇产科住院医师规范化培训(简称“住培”)中的作用,以提高教学质量和效果。方法选取2023年7—12月在苏州大学附属第一医院妇产科专业在院参加住培的住院医师42名,以双盲随机抽签的方法纳入传统教学组(n=20)和视频教学组(n=22),分别采用PPT教学结合典型临床病例的方式和手术视频结合典型临床病例的方式进行教学。对两组进行理论考核和临床实践考核,同时进行教学效果满意度调查。结果视频教学组学员在基本技能操作、专科技能操作、辅助检查结果判读、报告分析和临床思维与决策能力方面的成绩均高于传统教学组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组理论成绩、接诊和医疗文书书写成绩比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。视频教学组学员对教学过程的满意度为100.00%,高于传统教学组的90.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜手术视频教学方法能够使住培医师的基本技能操作、专科技能操作、辅助检查结果判读、报告分析和临床思维与决策方面的能力得到提升,并提高了妇产科住培教学过程的满意度,值得进一步探索与推广。

用于视频监控系统的生物特征识别技术标准化研究

为了提升生物特征识别技术在视频监控系统中的应用效果,对比阐述了生物特征识别系统与视频监控系统中存在语义差异的常用术语,并介绍了具备生物特征识别功能的视频监控系统的处理流程和重要组件,分析了影响生物特征识别技术在视频监控系统中使用的主要因素,提出如何从主要硬件及软件部署、参考数据库规范以及性能评价等方面进行标准化考量,最后从视频标注的规范性以及典型生物特征识别标准在视频监控系统中的进一步应用推广两个层面进行了展望,从而提升该领域的标准化整体水平。

面向硬件的AVS帧内预测算法改进

为了面向低延时的浅压缩场景提供更加适配的编码方案,并降低硬件实现成本,提出一种基于数字音视频编解码技术标准(Audio Video coding Standard,AVS)浅压缩算法的帧内预测模式优化以及快速率失真优化算法。该算法通过减少原有算法帧内预测所需的预测循环次数,以及打破各块之间的数据依赖关系等措施,克服了原始方案不适合硬件流水并行处理的限制,提高了编码的效率和稳定性,从而既保障了算法的视频质量,又使新的硬件实现方案更符合实际应用需求。实验结果表明,该算法优化方案能够有效改善实际面向低延时浅压缩场景下的编码效果。

异步式标准化视频面试考生表现研究

结构化面试是人员选拔与招录的重要方法之一,因其标准化特征广泛应用于我国公务员和事业单位公开招聘。伴随人才全球化发展趋势,为满足招聘双方需求,采用异步式标准化视频面试替代线下结构化面试逐渐增多。研究并分析考生在异步式标准化视频面试中的表现,与线下结构式面试对比并探讨差异的内在机制。结果显示,考生在异步式标准化视频面试时总分、人际理解与沟通、应变能力的得分显著低于线下结构化面试。此外,男性人际理解与沟通表现会受到面试形式的干扰,女性在人际理解与沟通、应变能力两个维度上均受到影响。媒介的改变是差异产生的根本原因,进而引发技术带来潜在影响以及考生印象管理策略使用可能被抑制。未来面试组织方可从强化信息呈现、聚焦信息公平和开发新技术三方面降低媒介改变对考生表现的削弱作用,为组织甄别选拔人才提供有效支持。

基于魏尔斯特拉斯逼近定理的对医用内窥镜摄像系统信噪比插值方式的研究

YY/T 1587-2018《医用内窥镜电子内窥镜》与YY/T 1603-2018《医用内窥镜内窥镜供给装置摄像系统》信噪比测试方法相同,是采用线性插值的方法,找出Y值在0.707的信噪比。本文基于魏尔斯特拉斯逼近定理的多项式拟合方法,对信噪比插值进行分析,并与分段线性插值的结果进行对比和讨论,对测试条件提出补充性建议。

胸腔镜手术视频结合思维导图在胸外科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果

目的:探讨胸腔镜手术视频结合思维导图在胸外科住院医师规范化培训(简称规培)中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年3月—2024年5月在延边大学附属医院胸外科参加规培的医学生60名,随机分成对照组和研究组,每组30名。对照组采用传统教学模式,研究组采用胸腔镜手术视频结合思维导图的教学模式,对比两组规培效果。结果:研究组理论考核成绩总优良率,手术禁忌证的识别、手术步骤熟练程度、手术器械使用能力、手术并发症处理能力、手术切口选择合理性、手术缝合技巧、无菌操作严格性、围术期处理能力分数,教学内容感兴趣程度、教学方式吸引度、理论知识掌握程度、实践操作能力分数,教学总满意度均比对照组高(P<0.05)。结论:在胸外科规培中,采用胸腔镜手术视频结合思维导图的教学模式对医学生进行胸腔镜手术培训,不仅能提升医学生理论考核成绩、操作技能,还能提升教学效果、教学满意度。

问题驱动教学法在急性缺血性脑卒中动脉取栓教学中的应用研究

目的评价问题驱动教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)在急性缺血性脑卒中动脉取栓术教学中的应用效果。方法将南京医科大学附属苏州医院神经内科的60名规培医师作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组30名。第一周,对两组医师采用讲授法,集中讲解急性缺血性脑卒中的理论知识和急救流程,并观看动脉取栓的标准化教学视频;第二、三周,对两组医师采用跟班轮转的方式,进行一对一临床带教;第四周,对照组直接采取练习法进行模拟演练,观察组先由授课老师运用PBL的教学模式指导小组进行讨论,再采取练习法进行模拟演练;第五周,由非带教老师出题,采用闭卷考试和操作考试的方式比较两组医师的动脉取栓技能考试成绩,用问卷调查的方式比较两组医师的学习满意度及对教学效果的评价。结果与对照组比较,观察组的动脉取栓技能成绩总分(对照组总分为81.80±3.75,观察组总分为87.17±3.32)、总满意度(对照组为86.7%,观察组为93.3%)及对教学质量的评价(包括创新能力、解决问题能力、综合表达能力、自主学习能力和操作能力)更高,差异存在统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论PBL教学能提升规培医师的临床操作能力,提高临床教学成效,增加医师对教学的满意度。