A Critical Review of Viewpoints on the Time of the Origin of Hongqu(Red Yeast Rice)

Through a summary of the results of past research on the time of the origin of hongqu(红曲,red yeast rice),a critical review is made of multiple pieces of published evidence supporting the various viewpoints that hongqu originated from the Han,Wei,Jin,Tang,or Song dynasties.Based on a newly discovered textual comment by Kong Guangtao孔广陶(1832–1890)that rectified the mistake of mis-quoting“red wheat powder in Guazhou”(Guazhou hongzhi瓜州红)as“red yeast rice in Guazhou”(Guazhou hongqu瓜州红麯)in Entry into Learning(Chuxue ji初学记),a conclusion can be drawn that the evidence for a Han dynasty origin that has dominated for nearly forty years is not well-grounded,and proposes that Chinese hongqu originated in the Tang dynasty(618–907).

Discussion on the TCM Treatment of Hypertension from Pathogenetic Viewpoints of Modern Medicine

The ideal hypotensive agent should possess three essentials, i.e. to depress the blood pressure surely and steadily, and to block the renin-angio-tensin system (RAS)(1). Currently, Western medical treatment could depress the blood pressure rapidly and surely through reducing blood volume and dilating blood vessels, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) shows its superiorities in al-

On the Essence of Translating Activities——from the Perspective of Marxism's Practice Viewpoint

What is the essence of translating activities?Up to now,many scholars or translators have conducted this study.This thesis aims to study the essence of translating activities from a new perspective—Marxism’s Practice Viewpoint.Translating is a kind of language activity of reproduction,using another language to retell the content of the original accurately and completely.The author also makes his comments on the debate as to whether translating is a science or an art.The conclusion is that translating is neither an art nor a science.It is an activity marked by artistic creativity and scientific creativity,a scientific and artistic unity.

New Refinement Relations of Z Specifications for Multiple Viewpoints Oriented Requirements Method

In this paper we develop several new refinement relations of Z for multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM). The original motivation is that we found the standard Z refinement relation is not adequate or correct when considering specifications that have temporal relationships of operations. The concept of temporal state variables is introduced into Z. Then new implementation relations are defined and new refinement relations are deduced, mainly for temporal state variables to process temporal relationships of operations. We use state transition systems to abstract the temporal state transitions. A simple example is used to show the procedures of MVORM. Finally some directions of further work are forwarded.

Two Generic Frameworks of Multiple Viewpoints Oriented Requirements Method and Their Comparison

Traditional requirements method has some problems when it is used for large distributed systems. Multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM) is a new method for resolving these problems. This paper develops two generic formal frameworks of MVORM, framework based on refinement relation (FBRR) and framework based on implementation relation (FBIR). They are generic, because no assumptions are made about the development process or the formal description languages to be used. Three kinds of specification relations and three kinds of specification transformations are discussed over FBIR and FBRR. This paper also compares the equivalence between FBIR and FBRR. We point out that an equivalent FBIR can be found for any FBRR, but reverse transformation is not always possible. We think FBIR is better than FBRR on most cases.

Master Plan of Characteristic Towns from Universal Viewpoint:A Case study of Guzhu Town

Characteristic town has became an important carrier for urban-mral integration. Based on the multiple compounding of the charactemtic town planning, it is significant to combine tiie universal viewpoint widi traditional small town planning. This paper by combining with “universaT viewpoint introduced the transformation of traditional small town planning in theory and practice, and combed the planning stategies from the 4 a^ects of “all level”,“all space”, “all element^,and “all dimension”. Based on the master plan of Guzhu Town in Heyuan, specific strategies were put forward from the 6 dimensions of resoutce analysis, spatial layout, industtiai construction, traffic connection, ecological control and system update, to provide references for the planning of characteristic towns.

The Degree of Association between Concepts Focusing on the Viewpoint

For a computer to perform intelligent information processing requires functions that can extract concepts from words, as humans do, and then associate those concepts with related concepts. In order to implement this association function, it is necessary to quantify the degree of association between two concepts. In the present paper, we propose a method for quantifying degree of association focusing on the viewpoint that uses a concept base （a knowledge base that expresses concepts as a collection of pairs, each pair consisting of an attribute word used to describe the concept and a weighting that expresses the word＇s importance）. Here, ＂Viewpoint＂ is the perspective from which a concept is viewed; for example, consider the degree of association between ＂airplane＂ and ＂automobile＂, and the degree of association between ＂airplane＂ and ＂bird＂. From the viewpoint of ＂vehicle＂, ＂airplane＂ and ＂automobile＂ are highly related, while from the viewpoint of ＂flight＂, ＂airplane＂ and ＂bird＂ are highly related. We present herein a comparison of two methods for calculating degree of association focusing on the viewpoint, and demonstrate that the method involving modulation of attribute weightings based on viewpoint results in degree of association calculations that are closer to human senses.

Comparative Study on Differences of America-China Eco-Literature Viewpoints From the Perspective of Academic Compatibility

Facing the broad ＂eco-literature＂ subjects, this paper, first of all, taking eco-literature viewpoint and the theoretical connotation of eco-criticism viewpoint itself as the starting point, conducts a contrast study from the cultural origin-tracing on the American eco-literature viewpoint under the Western Bible vision and the Chinese natural eco-literature viewpoint of＂Oneness of Men and Nature＂ through the parallel comparison method; then from the visual angle of influential research is to further explore the academic compatibility in academic research： namely, the Western ecological literature consciousness begins to appear under the premise of the Western ecological civilization being destroyed, while the China＇s natural eco-literature of＂Oneness of Man and Nature＂ is based on a kind of unconscious affinity between people and nature in primitive age. Here it is necessary for us to point out that they cannot be mentioned in the same breath, because the modern ecological criticism is not the reduction of an ancient ecological thought, and also will lead to the academic non-compatibility in academic research. So only by correcting the people＇s misunderstanding in cognition, can we reach the unity of the natural ecological viewpoint and man civilized viewpoint so as to keep the harmony between human beings and nature.

Awareness and perspectives of audiologists on assessment and management of misophonia in India

Background:The assessment and management of misophonia need a team approach,and audiologists are essential team members.However,the role of an audiologist in this condition is not well understood,and there is a lack of awareness even among professionals about their role in the assessment and management of misophonia.Purpose:The main aim of our study is to document the present level of awareness and knowledge about misophonia assessment and management among audiologists in India.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among audiologists from all over India.Descriptive statistical procedures were measured based on the type of questions being addressed,and a non-parametric chi-square test was done to see the association among variables.Results:The results show a lack of knowledge about misophonia even among audiologists,as only 15.3%of the audiologist reported being confident in handling cases with misophonia.Conclusion:Although the exact assessment and management of misophonia is still the topic of debate,it is clear that audiologists are the team's key members.However,the results clearly show a lack of confidence in handling cases of misophonia among audiologists in India.This result shows the future need for Research in misophonia from an audiological perspective.

Media and Human Rights Education——A Probe into the Possibility of News Coverage from the Viewpoint of the Human Rights Framework

At the present time, mass me- dia and new media play an important part in establish- ing and constructing a civil society. This paper will focus on educa- tional roles of the media and will probe the major experiences and challenges related to constructing news events with human rights as the framework.

Attitude and willingness on gamete donation among medical students:An experience from a state university in Sri Lanka

Objective:To assess the attitude and willingness of medical students of the Faculty of Medicine,University of Jaffna,regarding gamete donation.Methods:An institutional-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine,University of Jaffna,from September 2022 to May 2023 among undergraduate medical students who gave their voluntary participation.A self-administered questionnaire was used as a study instrument to collect data regarding their attitude and willingness toward gamete donation.Results:A total of 345 participants were recruited and their sociodemographic data revealed that 56.8%of the participants were female,62.3%aged between 26 and 30 years,and 92.2%were unmarried.Many of them received information regarding gamete donations during their clinical appointments.Over half(67.8%)of them showed a negative attitude towards gamete donation.Regarding willingness,only 39.7%of participants had a positive approach for being a gamete donor;among them,84.7%preferred anonymous donations.Religion and ethnicity had a significant influence on their attitudes and willingness.In addition,male was also found to be more willing to donate gametes.Conclusions:Most medical students have negative views about gamete donation.Imparting awareness and knowledge of assisted reproductive technology and gamete donation within medical students'sociocultural and ethical backgrounds might facilitate a change in attitude towards gamete donation amongst future medical practitioners.

建构主义下Alternative viewpoints教学观

本文阐述了Alternative viewpoints的定义,从心理学和阐释学角度分别探讨了多元观点存在产生的根源,同时强调多元观点对知识建构的意义/价值,并提出实现备选择的观点、备选择的方案的多元方针策略,呼吁使用多元的教学观。

Opportunities and Challenges for Chinese Enterprises ──Viewpoints from Foreign Counterparts at Chinese Enterprises' Summit Meeting 2000

This paper is summarized from the speeches given by foreign entrepreneurs at Chinese Enterprises’ Summit Meeting 2000. In the paper, the entrepreneurs set forth the opportunities for Chinese enterprises and the existing problems from several aspects as globalization of China, influence of WTO, as well as financial reform and capital market opening, etc.

基于Viewpoint的软件构架描述

软件构架作为系统开发的蓝图,已成为软件工程领域的热点。在软件开发实践中,许多项目更为关注的是软件构架的设计,而忽略了软件构架的描述。事实上软件构架的详细精确描述是成功开发软件的根本保证。文中以UML为构架描述语言,引用IEEE 1471标准中Viewpoint的概念,提出了基于3大Viewpoint的软件构架描述方法。基于Viewpoint的软件构架描述方法有助于开发人员在大型项目开发中从更高层次把握系统构架,从而保证软件开发过程的顺利进行。

ViewPoint远程图像监控解决方案

本文介绍了ＶｉｅｗＰｏｉｎｔ的组网方案和系统结构，以及在不同环境中的实际应用情况。

Applications of bioinspired approaches and challenges inmedical devices

Urgent requirements of medical devices Precision medicine has gradually become a development strategy in many countries and attracted worldwide attention in recent years due to the increasing concerns in public health.Although the definition of precision medicine has less or more difference from the viewpoints of different fields,the demands on the properties of medical devices or medical materials involving biocompatibility and anti-thrombosis are gradually growingmuch more diverse and much more urgent than ever[1].This trend brings up many new research topics about materials,mechanical systems and sensors to develop advanced medical devices.How to design and on-demand fabricate the bio-materials,bio-interface and bio-systems to meet the urgent demands of medical devices is still a challenge for us.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION WITH ACUPUNCTURE

The effects of acupuncture on blood pressure,microcirculation of bulbar conjunctiva andhemorheology in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were observed.The mechanism ofacupuncture to lower blood pressure is discussed from the viewpoint of microcirculation andhemorheology.SHRs and Wistar rats of both sexes weighing about 250g were divided into three groups:1.Acupuncture group of 15 SHRs,in which Quchi (LI 11) and Taichong (Liv 3),Hegu (Li 4)and Zusanli (St 36) were selected and punctured twice a day with the needle retained for 15minutes and the reducing method by twisting and twirling the needle used,15 days constituting a course;2.Control group of 10 SHRs;3.Control group of 10 normal Wistar rats.All rats in groups 2 and 3 were treated in the same way as in Group 1 except for theacupuncture.It was found that the morphology and blood flow of bulbar conjunctiva microcirculation inSHRs were obviously abnormal:the capillaries with blood flow were reduced in number,thearterioles were spasmodic and of smaller diameter,the venules were dilated due to bloodstasis which showed a slow granular flow of blood,the blood viscosity was increased,hematocrit increased,and the time for RBC electrophoresis prolonged.The blood was in astate of high viscosity,high concentration and high aggregation.After acupuncture treat-ment the blood pressure not only fell,but the morphology and blood flow of bulbarconjunctiva microcirculation and the hemorheology of SHRs all improved remarkably.The results suggest that abnormal microcirculation and changes in hemorheology can in-crease the peripheral resistance leading to high blood pressure;and the mechanism ofacupuncture in lowering blood pressure is obviously closely related to the improvement ofmicrocirculation,correction of high viscosity,high concentration and high aggregation ofblood,decrease of peripheral resistance and a balanced hemodynamics.

The untapped potential of scenic routes for geotourism:case studies of Lasocki Grzbiet and Pasmo Lesistej(Western and Central Sudeten Mountains,SW Poland)

A view is often more than just a piece of landscape,framed by the gaze and evoking emotion.Without diminishing these obvious‘tourismimportant’advantages of a view,it is noteworthy that in itself it might play the role of an interpretative tool,especially for large-scale phenomena,the knowledge and understanding of which is the goal of geotourism.In this paper,we analyze the importance of scenic drives and trails for tourism,particularly geotourism,focusing on their ability to create conditions for experiencing the dynamically changing landscapes in which lies knowledge of the natural processes shaping the Earth’s surface and the methods and degree of its resource exploitation.The issues are found in both wider and local contexts.A more detailed insight has been conducted on the basis of two,although in some sense peripheral,tourism regions from the Sudeten Mountains(southwestern Poland):Lasocki Grzbiet(a ridge)and Pasmo Lesistej(a small range).The subjects of the investigation were complex:the geotourism potential of selected viewpoints located on the most scenic routes(mostly paths and forest tracks)as well as the problems of maintenance,conservation,and protection of their educational value.Our work is based on desk and field research supported by results of GIS visibility analyses(conducted in the QGIS program).

Comment on "Improvement of Controlled Bidirectional Quantum Direct Communication Using a GHZ State" [Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 (2013) 040305]

The problem of definite information leakage existing in the controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication protocol using GHZ states[Chin.Phys.Lett.23(2006)1680]was pointed out by Ye and Jiang[Chin.Phys.Lett.30(2013)040305].Then,they proposed two strategies to improve this security bug.However,if the revised versions are analyzed from the viewpoint of information theory,it can be found that they still have the problem of information leakage.That is,three quarters and one half of the information interchanged by the communication parties are leaked out unknowingly in the first and second revised protocols,respectively.

Antioxidant Properties of Substituted Thymols and Their Adsorption on Aluminum Phosphide(AlP)Nanotube(8,0)as Controlled Drug Delivery Device:Theoretical Study in Gas Phase and Ethanol

We have studied the adsorption of thymol derivatives on AlP-nanotube surface by using density functional calculations in gas phase. Also the antioxidant activity of thymol was investigated in gas phase and ethanol. The effects of NMe2, OEthyl and Me substituents on the antioxidant activity and adsorption ability of thymol on AlP-nanotube were investigated. Results show that AlP-nanotube can effectively interact with substituted thymols, so their adsorptions are exothermic and experimentally possible from the energetic viewpoint. Results also show that, replacing NMe2 group in the x position of thymol may be a good strategy to improve the sensitivity of thymol toward AlP-nanotube surface. The NMe2 and OEthyl substitutions decrease the BDE and IP values and increase the antioxidant activity of thymol. The BDE and IP values of thymols have linear dependencies with corresponding Ead values. These can be utilized to select novel thymol derivatives with higher antioxidant activity and drug delivery ability.