Due to historic reasons, there are several human settlements in nature reserves and national parks, which may constitute a threat to biodiversity. Establishment of nature reserves may however generate constraints for ...Due to historic reasons, there are several human settlements in nature reserves and national parks, which may constitute a threat to biodiversity. Establishment of nature reserves may however generate constraints for development of local communities residing in these reserves. The village ecosystem of Zhuanjinglou Village in Wolong Nature Reserve includes population, farming and livestock (domestic and alpine) and forest ecosystem. An emergy analysis of agro-ecosystem (including the farming and livestock ecosystem) and energy consumption in Zhuanjinglou Village indicates that livestock ecosystem plays an important role in village ecosystem, which may be the source of great pressure on the state of the local environment. The increasing ratio of electricity in energy consumption may play a positive role for environmental conservation. Despite some successful experiences, there are some remaining issues that need to be addressed in the ecological rehabilitation of the village ecosystem.展开更多
Resource use efficiency analyses of village ecosystem are necessary for effective and efficient planning of resource utilization. This paper deals with economic and energy input-output analyses of different components...Resource use efficiency analyses of village ecosystem are necessary for effective and efficient planning of resource utilization. This paper deals with economic and energy input-output analyses of different components of village ecosystem in representative buffer zone villages, which are practicing transhumance and settled way of lifestyles in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve （NDBR） of Garhwal Himalaya. While the villages practicing transhumance used various natural resources spatially segregated,the villages practicing settled way of lifestyle have to manage resources from a limited spatial area through rotation and varied extraction intensities. Forests subsidized the production activity in both type of villages and the per capita resource extractions were found to be greater in tran^humance village than settled village. Though crops provided maximum energy, in terms of economic criteria, animal husbandry played important role in both settled and transhumance villages. As villages representing both the situations showed different ways of adjustments to the conservation oriented land use changes, management authority needs to address the eco-development plans fulfilling the aspirations of all people traditionally using the resources of the Reserve to reduce the conflicts and encourage their participation in the conservation of the area.展开更多
Bamboo forest is an important land use in the traditional village of Penglipuran, Bali Indonesia. Bamboo growing in the rural areas can be a good choice for capturing CO2. I harvested selected culms to determine bioma...Bamboo forest is an important land use in the traditional village of Penglipuran, Bali Indonesia. Bamboo growing in the rural areas can be a good choice for capturing CO2. I harvested selected culms to determine biomass content, and 50 % of dry weight biomass was calculated as carbon content. The Penglipuran bamboo forest supported six bamboo species in a one hectare sampling plot, all of the genus Gigantochloa. The clump and culm densities were 339 and 7190 ha-1, respectively.Total above- plus below-ground biomass was87.35 Mg ha-1, and carbon storage was 43.67 Mg ha-1.Carbon storage estimated in the bamboo forest at Penglipuran offers insight into the opportunity for PES（payment for ecosystem services） through emission trading mechanisms.展开更多
基金part of a project funded by "China Chengzhen New countryside Reconstruction Studies Program of Sichuan University" (Grant No.2007-03)
文摘Due to historic reasons, there are several human settlements in nature reserves and national parks, which may constitute a threat to biodiversity. Establishment of nature reserves may however generate constraints for development of local communities residing in these reserves. The village ecosystem of Zhuanjinglou Village in Wolong Nature Reserve includes population, farming and livestock (domestic and alpine) and forest ecosystem. An emergy analysis of agro-ecosystem (including the farming and livestock ecosystem) and energy consumption in Zhuanjinglou Village indicates that livestock ecosystem plays an important role in village ecosystem, which may be the source of great pressure on the state of the local environment. The increasing ratio of electricity in energy consumption may play a positive role for environmental conservation. Despite some successful experiences, there are some remaining issues that need to be addressed in the ecological rehabilitation of the village ecosystem.
文摘Resource use efficiency analyses of village ecosystem are necessary for effective and efficient planning of resource utilization. This paper deals with economic and energy input-output analyses of different components of village ecosystem in representative buffer zone villages, which are practicing transhumance and settled way of lifestyles in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve （NDBR） of Garhwal Himalaya. While the villages practicing transhumance used various natural resources spatially segregated,the villages practicing settled way of lifestyle have to manage resources from a limited spatial area through rotation and varied extraction intensities. Forests subsidized the production activity in both type of villages and the per capita resource extractions were found to be greater in tran^humance village than settled village. Though crops provided maximum energy, in terms of economic criteria, animal husbandry played important role in both settled and transhumance villages. As villages representing both the situations showed different ways of adjustments to the conservation oriented land use changes, management authority needs to address the eco-development plans fulfilling the aspirations of all people traditionally using the resources of the Reserve to reduce the conflicts and encourage their participation in the conservation of the area.
基金supported by the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology through the Research Incentive for Researchers and Engineers
文摘Bamboo forest is an important land use in the traditional village of Penglipuran, Bali Indonesia. Bamboo growing in the rural areas can be a good choice for capturing CO2. I harvested selected culms to determine biomass content, and 50 % of dry weight biomass was calculated as carbon content. The Penglipuran bamboo forest supported six bamboo species in a one hectare sampling plot, all of the genus Gigantochloa. The clump and culm densities were 339 and 7190 ha-1, respectively.Total above- plus below-ground biomass was87.35 Mg ha-1, and carbon storage was 43.67 Mg ha-1.Carbon storage estimated in the bamboo forest at Penglipuran offers insight into the opportunity for PES（payment for ecosystem services） through emission trading mechanisms.
