Spatial evolution and spatial production of traditional villages from "backward poverty villages" to "ecologically well-off villages": Experiences from the hinterland of national nature reserves in China

With the rapid urbanization process,the space of traditional villages in China is undergoing significant changes.Studying the spatial evolution of traditional villages is significant in promoting rural spatial transformation and realizing rural revitalization and sustainable rural development.Based on the traceability analysis of spatial production theory,this paper constructed an analytical framework for the spatial production evolution of traditional villages,analyzed the spatial evolution process and characteristics of traditional villages by using buffer analysis,spatial syntax,and other research methods,and revealed the characteristics of the spatial production evolution of traditional villages and the driving mechanism.The results show that:(1)The village spatial formation and development follow the village life cycle theory and usually develop from embryonic villages to diversified and integrated villages;(2)The evolution of village spatial production is characterized by the diversity of material space,the sublimation of daily life space,and the integration of social system space and generalization of emotional space;(3)The evolution of village spatial production from backward and poor village to ecologically well-off village is influenced by a combination of factors;(4)The village has formed a spatial structure of"people-land-scape-culture-industry",realized comprehensive reconstruction and spatial reproduction.The study results reflect the spatial evolution characteristics of traditional villages in mountainous areas in a more comprehensive way,which helps to promote the protection and development of traditional villages in mountainous areas and,to a certain extent,provides a reference for the development of rural revitalization.

Problem identification and revitalization strategies for the recovery and reconstruction of traditional villages in the Ms 6.8 Luding Earthquake

Post-disaster reconstruction is a topic of global concern,and traditional villages have special heritage attributes and need to face more requirements and obstacles in post-disaster reconstruction.This paper summarizes four concepts based on the research on post-disaster reconstruction both domestically and internationally,as well as the recovery and reconstruction of cultural heritage.Through a field survey of traditional villages in the Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake-stricken area,it is found that there are problems such as insufficient awareness of heritage value,misalignment of scientific reconstruction technology,and insufficient protection of reconstruction elements during the reconstruction process.Traditional villages face the risk of declining or even loss of heritage value.In order to effectively protect traditional villages and inherit the carrier of regional culture,four targeted reconstruction response strategies are proposed,i.e.,to"establish special planning for traditional village preservation","emphasize recovery of the authenticity of village heritage","ensure elements for village heritage recovery"and"promote the activation and utilization of village heritage",based on the problems discovered during the survey and the four concepts summarized in the research on post-disaster reconstruction of traditional villages.The research results hope to provide useful reference for ancient cultural areas affected by earthquakes on how to protect cultural heritage during the post-disaster reconstruction process.

The Influence of High-quality Rural Sanitation on Improving the Competitiveness of Traditional Village Ecotourism-Taking Toilet Improvement in Yunnan Province,China as an Example

The“toilet improvement”initiative has been actively responded to and implemented across China to improve the local sanitation environment and service quality since 2015..This paper takes Yunnan Province as an example to evaluate the impact of this measure on the competitiveness of ecotourism in rural traditional villages.The ArcGIS tool was used to compare and screen the geographic environmental characteristics of six batches of 778 villages in Yunnan Province that were evaluated as national-level traditional villages in the early stage,and 37 villages with the same elevation changes and slope were selected for a comparative analysis,to reduce the impact of differences in three-dimensional topography and geomorphology.Combined with the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method and OLS econometric regression model,this study examined the ecotourism competitiveness of the 37 selected traditional villages and the impact of the toilet improvement initiative on their competitiveness.The results show that the ecotourism competitiveness of traditional villages in Yunnan Province is generally low,and there are obvious hierarchical characteristics.The road choice,regional distribution quantity,distance and service accessibility of public toilet construction have a significant influence on the overall ecotourism competitiveness of the villages in Yunnan Province.Therefore,three suggestions are put forward:strengthen the ecotourism construction of traditional villages in Yunnan Province as a whole and in each local area,pay attention to and strengthen the quantity and quality of construction of the public toilets relevant to ecotourism in traditional villages,and pay attention to the accessibility and service scope of the public toilets in the construction process.

Mechanism of Tourists’Happiness in Traditional Village Tourism: A Perspective Grounded in Nostalgia and Cultural Attachment

In recent years,traditional villages have emerged as popular tourist destinations due to their distinctive resource value.Typically situated in remote and less developed areas,traditional villages boast primitive natural surroundings and rich historical and cultural heritage.These characteristics offer urban dwellers a temporary escape from the complexities of modern life,allowing them to experience physical and mental rejuvenation,mental relaxation,and overall happiness during their visit.By conducting a review of the existing literature concerning tourists’happiness in traditional villages,this study establishes a framework to understand tourists’happiness in traditional village tourism.Using the Qiangang ancient village in Conghua District,Guangzhou as a case study,the research examines the current state of rural characteristics,the establishment of cultural brands,and the promotion of the active utilization of ancient villages within the context of integrating culture,sports,tourism,and agriculture.Based on this analysis,the author proposes strategies to enhance tourists’happiness,including the preservation and development of rural characteristics,the promotion and preservation of local cultural attributes,and the collaborative advancement of culture,sports,tourism,and agriculture to engage key stakeholders actively.

Research on the Renovation of Traditional Villages Based on Postmodernism

Traditional village as a part of cultural heritage shows unique historical,cultural and architectural characteristics.With the accelerating urbanization,ecological environment of traditional villages has been threatened,local cultures have degraded,even all traditional villages have shown similar images,thus effective protection and update is urgently needed.Based on the background and characteristics of postmodernist design,this study explored problems in the renovation of traditional villages,analyzed the renovation cases of some traditional villages and then concluded the scientific renovation strategies,so as to provide references for the future renovation design of traditional villages.

Data Collection and Research on the Vitality of Public Space in Traditional Villages: A Case Study of Cuandixia Village

The optimization and renewal of rural space is the foundation for building livable,business friendly and harmonious countryside.Three types of data on the spatial vitality of traditional villages are collected and analyzed.A street and alley axis map model is established using spatial syntax,and the degree of industry aggregation is quantified using POI data,and the results of syntactic calculation are validated with the help of popular review text preferences.Taking Cuandixia Village as an example,this paper found that its public space nodes have a pattern of one axis and scattered points;the street and alley space is well preserved but slightly lacking in transportation;the user group is single and the form is traditional.This paper could provide corresponding suggestions for stimulating the vitality of public spaces in traditional villages,in order to provide inspiration for the revitalization design of public spaces in traditional villages.

Research on the Preservation Method of Traditional Village Roof Information:A Case Study of Gubeikou Village

Traditional Chinese villages serve as crucial repositories of traditional culture.However,In China,the urgent task of preserving information about traditional village architecture has arisen due to the degradation of these villages’appearance caused by rapid urbanization in recent years.This paper proposes a method for preserving information about traditional village rooftops based on high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery.Leveraging an improved Mask R-CNN model,the method conducts target recognition on the rooftops of traditional village buildings and generates vectorized representations of these rooftops.The precision rate,recall rate,and F1-score achieved in the experimental results are 93.26%,86.33%,and 92.02%,respectively.These findings indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method in preserving information about traditional village architecture and providing a viable approach to support the sustainable development of traditional villages in China.

High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery for the Recognition of Traditional Villages

Traditional Chinese villages,vital carriers of traditional culture,have faced significant alterations due to urbanization in recent years,urgently necessitating artificial intelligence data updates.This study integrates high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery with deep learning techniques,proposing a novel method for identifying rooftops of traditional Chinese village buildings using high-definition remote sensing images.Using 0.54 m spatial resolution imagery of traditional village areas as the data source,this method analyzes the geometric and spectral image characteristics of village building rooftops.It constructs a deep learning feature sample library tailored to the target types.Employing a semantically enhanced version of the improved Mask R-CNN(Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network)for building recognition,the study conducts experiments on localized imagery from different regions.The results demonstrated that the modified Mask R-CNN effectively identifies traditional village building rooftops,achieving an of 0.7520 and an of 0.7400.It improves the current problem of misidentification and missed detection caused by feature heterogeneity.This method offers a viable and effective approach for industrialized data monitoring of traditional villages,contributing to their sustainable development.

Sustainable Development Potential of Public Space in Traditional Villages:Taking Yincheng,Shanxi Province as an Example

With the development of society and the advancement of science and technology,the street texture,architectural style,and spatial pattern of many traditional villages have been destroyed,which has seriously affected the style and environment of the entire village.To protect features of traditional villages and to better inherit the history and culture,the protection and development status of traditional villages must be explored,the public space of traditional villages should be evaluated from different perspectives and the public space issues summarized.Then,corresponding transformation and renewal strategies should be proposed.

Study of Spatial Characteristics of Streets and Alleys in Traditional Villages:Taking Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area as an Example

Taking the traditional residential street space in Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area as an example,the factors influencing the formation and development of lane space and the distribution characteristics of lanes were analyzed in this paper.Subsequently,an analysis was conducted on the scale and proportion of street and lane space enclosed in the settlement,the experiential aspects of street and lane space,as well as the node space.Lastly,a systematic summary of the street space characteristics in the settlements of Pingtan Island and Dongxiang Island is presented.

Design and Implementation of Chinese Traditional Village Management System Based on GIS

According to the weak link of protecting traditional village in China at present,based on geographic information system（GIS）,Google API technology and Supermap I Server Java 2008 development platform,the construction and realization of Chinese traditional village WEBGIS management platform were discussed in our paper.Through the construction of Chinese traditional village WEBGIS management platform,the acquisition,updating and warehousing efficiency of data in basic information database was improved,and work cost was further cut off,being convenient to supervision and decision of related departments,while dynamic,classification and transparent management of part work was realized,having great significance in the modernization construction and management of rural village.

Strategies for Traditional Village Sustainable Development in Fuzhou City from the Perspective of Native Residents

Traditional village protection has been a hot topic recently. And traditional villages are far from meeting residents＇ demands in infrastructure as economic and social advances. Besides, local residents are not fully aware of cultural protection or inheritance, so that many traditional buildings long fallen into disrepair, have been replaced by new ones. In the meantime, the population of migrant workers is in- creasing, making cultural inheritance more difficult and causing decreasing of tradi- tional villages. Now, it is an important and tough job to release the conflict between increasing material needs of the people and historical cultural inheritance. In the re- search, field investigation was made on Dongkeng Village, Le＇an county to seek the optimal strategy for traditional village sustainable development from the perspective of importance on traditional village protection.

Spatial Distribution of Traditional Villages and Influence Factors in Hunan Province

To develop and protect traditional villages reasonably, this paper applied Arc GIS Spatial Analyst Tools to analyze spatial distribution and infl uence factors of 101 traditional villages in Hunan Province. The research showed the agglomerate distribution of traditional villages in Hunan; from the city scale, distribution of traditional villages was concentrated mainly in West Hunan Tujia Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Chenzhou, Yongzhou, Huaihua and Shaoyang; concentrated distribution of traditional villages in the fi ve major geographic regions showed poor equilibrium, West Hunan had the most concentrated traditional villages, and South Hunan has the second most; relatively closed regional environment, perilous hills, inconvenient transportation, and underdeveloped social economy contributed to the protection of traditional villages, and they were all signifi cant infl uence factors for the distribution of traditional villages in Hunan.

Study on Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Clanism

"China's deep-rooted family culture and the resulting family spirit is one of the basic characteristics of Chinese society that differs from western society," said by Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. German sociologist Max Weber defi nes Chinese society as "family structure society"[1]. And sociologist Fei Zhengqing believes that the villages in China are organized by families. In sociological studies, the traditional villages are divided into three types: single-clan villages with only one dominating family, main-clan villages which are mainly composed of several families, and multi-clan villages where some coequal families live together[2]. The authors believe that traditional villages are organized social communities with kinship as a link. They are products of the family system. There is a close connection between a village's family composition and its space construction. Single-clan village is an introverted spatial organization mode entirely based on kinship, ancestral hall is located in the center and the whole spatial structure grows toward it. Main-clan village is a decentralized family aggregate based on the ties of blood as well as region. And the organization of its village space depends on temples and pavilions where families enshrine and worship ancestors and gods. It owns obvious features of collage and collaboration. M ulticlan village is a collaborative and extroverted complex spatial system led by relationship of colleagues, where large public buildings are taken as the core to organize commercial activities. Its form is similar to the form of small towns. Taking sociological term "family" as the starting point and cases of national historic cultural villages including Hong Village, Zhuge Village, Zoumatang Village, Suzhuang Village and Guoyu Village into further study, this article analyses the correlation between kinship composition and spatial form of villages, tries to reveal the essential structure of traditional space of villages and to provide a new perspective on spatial study as well as basis for preservation of traditional villages.

Spatial Distribution Pattern and Han Subgroup Characteristics of Traditional Villages in Guangdong

A total of 126 traditional villages in Guangdong were selected for research to analyze their spatial distribution pattern, spatial autocorrelation, and Han subgroup characteristics through the spatial analysis with GIS. The results showed that the traditional villages in Guangdong were distributed compactly, which was similar to that in other provinces; on the prefecture-level city scale, they were mainly distributed in Meizhou, Qingyuan, Zhanjiang, and Zhaoqing, showing a central distribution; on the regional scale, they were mainly distributed in northern Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta, indicating an unbalanced distribution; their density of spatial distribution showed a significant difference with a provincial distribution density of 0.59 per thousand km^2 and the highest distribution density of 2.14 per thousand km^2; there were four gathering areas accommodating many traditional villages, namely Meizhou-Chaoshan area, Guangfo-Dongguan area, Leizhou in Zhanjiang, and Lianzhou in Qingyuan; the spatial distribution of traditional villages, which presented a pattern of hot spot—sub-hot spot—sub-cold spot—cold spot, had a significant global spatial autocorrelation, and areas in similar sizes were tending towards gathering; traditional villages in Guangdong belonged to the Cantonese-speaking group and Hakka-speaking group with a density of 0.59 per thousand km^2 and 0.48 per thousand km^2 respectively, and Han subgroup with the highest distribution density was the minority areas of 1.31 per thousand km^2, followed by Shaozhou dialect area with a density of 1.00 per thousand km^2.

Restoration and Regeneration of Traditional Villages' Culture under Rural Governance:A Case Study of Zhentou Village in Ji'an County

As the building of a socialist countryside in China is at a critical stage,village rules and regulations,as an important means of rural governance,is also in the orderly construction and operation. However,there still exist obvious shortcomings in the contemporary rural governance,which hinders the active inheritance of the traditional villages' culture. Through the in-depth analysis of the relevant theories of rural governance and the historical culture of Ancient Zhentou Village,this study is expected to exploit the concept of the ancient village's culture in the heart of its dwellers so as to help them to better collect their existing cultural heritage.

Discussion on the Environmental Protection and Planning of Traditional Villages

Resource environment of traditional villages is an important historical and cultural heritage of China. It deserves protection but currently is faced with severe destruction resulting from unsuccessful village planning or implementation. In this paper, problems existing in the planning of traditional villages are analyzed, and countermeasures for environmental protection and planning as well as proposals for implementation are put forward.

Landscape Feature Construction of Traditional Villages against the Backdrop of Tourism Development:A Case Study of Youshan Village in Zhentou Town,Wuyuan County

As a large province committed to developing ecological civilization,Jiangxi province is among the top provinces that boast the largest amount of traditional villages.Although maintaining a relatively intact ecological environment,Jiangxi Province is relatively backward in economy,which makes it an urgent mission for the local authorities to vigorously develop traditional village tourism.But many traditional vil ages landscapes have been destroyed in the process of development since there is no specific guidelines or regulations.This paper analyzed the development of Youshan Village-a traditional village that has made remarkable achievements in developing its tourism resources while conserving its original landscape features,concluded the methods and principles of constructing traditional village landscapes of Jiangxi province and expected to further explore the development mode for prospering tourism in the traditional villages.

Study on the Inheritance of Landscape Culture in Traditional Ancient Villages of Jiangxi: A Case Study of Ancient Liukeng Village in Lean County, Jiangxi Province

Traditional ancient village is a miniature of history, embodies landscape cultures with rich connotations. On the basis of introducing basic conditions of ancient Liukeng Village, this paper explored landscape cultural elements in the village from such perspectives of natural landscape, architecture, clan system, and Fengshui, and proposed the pertinent approaches of landscape culture inheritance respectively, namely, "integrated protection", "hierarchical protection", "live inheritance" and "rationally accepting and rejecting", by adhering to such principles as keeping natural originality, integrality, humanistic ecology, and dynamic openness.

The Impact of Urbanization on the Ecological Space of Traditional Villages and Restoration Strategies:Take Huangpu Village in Guangzhou as an Example

The rapid urbanization has brought tremendous impact on the ecological spaces of traditional villages,research on the influence process and restoration strategies will contribute to the protection and development of traditional villages.This paper took Huangpu Village for example,summarized the types and characteristics of its ecological spaces,analyzed the influence process and characteristics of urbanization on it,and then put forward 7 restoration strategies pertinently.It has some theoretical application value for the protection and development of traditional villages in the Pearl River Delta and other highly-urbanized regions.