Research Progress of Water Environment Protection in Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages

This study reviews research papers on the protection of water environment in historical and cultural towns and villages,summarizes present research tendencies from the perspectives of definition,classification and selection of water environment in historical and cultural towns and villages,influence of water environment on these towns and villages,proposes suggestions for improvement,and concludes characteristics and deficiencies of these researches,in order to provide references for future water environment protection in similar sites.

Research on Ecological Water Cycle and Purification in Rural Landscape——Take Zhangjia Village Ecological Wastewater Treatment Project in Henan Province as an Example

Rural landscape is not only a natural landscape,but also a cultural landscape.The improvement of rural environment in Lushi County is carried out under the background of“Building Beautiful Villages”.Through the plan of environmental improvement,the appearance of villages in rural areas will be significantly improved,and the gap between urban and rural areas will be shortened.This research addresses the problems of scarce water resources,imperfect rainwater collection facilities,and increased environmental pollution in rural areas,and explores a flexible,effective,and integrated landscape ecological water treatment system that integrates with natural ecosystems.The practice has shown that the flexible combination of different technical measures according to local conditions and the construction of ecological water self-circulation and self-purification systems can reduce maintenance costs and achieve sustainable landscape.The virtuous cycle of the revetment’s micro-ecology greatly improves the environmental carrying capacity of the landscape.Reasonable water management system is more flexible in dealing with unexpected problems.The thesis proposes landscape design strategies for water circulation and water purification in rural areas,and applies them to actual design cases.It attempts to introduce a combined treatment system to achieve a more diverse landscape concept and further explore the healthy and sustainable development of rural water environment.

Renovation of Traditional Water Villages in Jiangnan:A Case Study of Renovation Planning of Wenchang Village

The rapid urbanization and new rural construction have being exerted serious impact on the renovation and protection of traditional water villages in Jiangnan area(the southern regions of the Yangtze River). More and more distinctive villages are losing their historical background and regional architectural culture in modern society. Taking the renovation planning of Wenchang village as a case study, its function structure and land use are determined by the theory of "three layers of HSR(high-speed rail) station" after deep mining its history and culture. Then, the design method of rebuilding characteristic space in traditional villagesaiming at finding a proper way to handle the relationship between development and protection of traditional villagesis investigated from the perspective of natural landscape, spatial form and architectural features.

Iodization of Village Water Supply in the Control of Endemic Iodine Deficiency in Rural Sarawak, Malaysia

A simple water iodizing system, which incorporates the Venturi principle in combination with the controlled release mechanism of a silicone-sodium iodide elastomer, for the iodization of rural piped-water supply in the control of endemic iodine deficiency has been developed and its effectiveness evaluated in three Iban longhouse villages in the iodinedeficient district of Lubok Antu, Sarawak. Urines were collected for iodine assays from women aged 15-40 years before and at 6 and 12 months after the connection of the iodinating device; goiter assessment was performed on the women at the start and end of the 1-year study. Water samples were collected for iodine assays at 2-weekly intervals. In all three villages, significant and sustained increases in median urinary iodine excretions,reaching levels recommended for an iodine-suffcient population, were observed; goitre prevalences were reduced in all the villages (by 22.6% to 35.8%). The iodine levels in the water ranged from 34 μg/l to 212 μg/L. In the control village, median urinary iodine excretions remained essentially unchanged but a small increase in goiter prevalence was observed. The iodized water was well received by the villagers and no adverse effects of water iodization were observed. The system functioned unattended throughout the one year period. The cost of providing supplemental iodine via the iodizing device is approximately 60 cents (U.S.) per family per year which is affordable by either the Government or the villagers. It is concluded that the iodizing system offers a new cost-effective strategy for the control of endemic iodine deficiency in Sarawak and may have applications in other areas with similar water sources

Planning,Protection and Construction of Ancient Villages in Jiangxi under the Background of New Urbanization: Taking the Water Management System of Mingkou Village in Leping City,Jiangxi Province as an Example

Urbanization is an inevitable trend of economic development. It is an important indicator that reflects the industrialization and modernization of a country. In the long-term urbanization process in China, due to the excessive emphasis on the status of the city and one-sided emphasis on urban development, a serious of urban diseases such as population congestion and environmental damage have been caused. Meanwhile, neglected rural areas have exposed social problems such as aging and hollowing out, making the urban-rural dual structure more prominent. Currently, China s economic and social development has reached a new stage, and the realization of urban-rural integration is a major measure to comprehensively develop the national economy and social undertakings. Vigorously developing the rural areas and revitalizing the countryside has become a national policy. Traditional ancient villages are treasures in the vast rural areas. They should be more protected and developed to eliminate the urban-rural gap, thereby passing down and carrying forward the essence of traditional culture and enhancing China s national confidence and cultural confidence. Focusing on the protection and planning of ancient villages, combined with the current policy background of new urbanization, based on field research on Mingkou Village, Leping City, Jiangxi Province, protective development strategies are put forward for ancient villages and their water management from the perspective of water management in ancient villages to arouse people s attention to the protection of ancient villages.

Health Hazards among Coastal Villagers of Pakistan Due to Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water

Water supply has become insufficient for the rapidly rising population in Pakistan. As in other parts of Pakistan, coastal villagers also become helpless to use ground water for drinking and daily consumption, due to their need and their not knowing about the quality of water. A number of patients arrived to Karachi hospitals, suffering from a strange disease and this study has been done to find the exact cause of this disease by assuming that arsenic contaminated drinking water may be one of the possibilities. Maximum permissible limit (MRL) of arsenic in drinking water of Pakistan has been calculated by analysis of 50 samples of supply water as 0.05 mg/l. It was observed that most of the residents of Ibrahim Hyderi, Rehri, Chashma, Mubarak, Fagheer Muhammad and Gul Hasan Goths (villages) of the coastal belt of the Karachi city were suffering from melanosis, leuco-melanosis, keratosis, hyperkeratosis, dorsum, non-pitting oedema, gangrene and skin cancer that might be due to arsenic contamination in drinking water. Studied subjects were seriously affected due to paralyzing lower limbs, arms and other body parts in the coastal belt of Karachi, which was observed to be the most prominent health hazards of arsenic. The majority of victims were children. This community problem demands proper addressing and extensive research for improving the quality of life of these villagers.

Analysis of Water Environment in Ancient Villages of North Hunan: A Case Study of Zhangguying Village

Water environment has its unique charm as a part of traditional settlement space. This paper took water environment in Zhangguying Village, Yueyang City, Hunan Province for example, analyzed dot, linear and planar elements of village water environment, and water environment in courtyards[1], and tried to put forward valuable suggestions for the waterscape design of modern residential areas.

Quality of Water Adjusted Sources and Storage in the Households of the Sanitized Villages in Area of National Program of Sanitized Schools and Villages at Tshopo Province in Republic Democratic of Congo

Introduction: The present research paper aims at assessing the bacteriological water quality in households and at provisioning points, and so factors of water deterioration. Method: a transverse study has been conducted during the period starting from 11 up to 28 October 2018 within 6 Health Zones (HZ) in Tshopo Province integrated in National Program of Schools and Sanitized Villages (NPSSV). Water samples have been collected within 300 reserves of households and 30 water provisioning and analysed points in order to find out water contamination factors. The frequencies and raw OR have been estimated at (p < 0.05) valued significative. Results: fecal coliforms (80% CI95: 75% - 85%) and total (97% CI95: 95% - 99%) were significantly present in water reserves and the presence of Escherichia coli were at about 27% (IC95 22% - 32%). These proportions were correspondingly at 63%, 90% and 10% at water provisioning. The fecal coliforms were the highest in water reserves of sanitized villages (p < 0.05) and Escherichia coli were at about three times higher in traditional sources (17% vs 6%). The duration of water conservation was around 48 hours and more (OR = 4.41;IC95: 1.92 - 10.11), water classification of sanitized risk “intermedium” and the recipients of conservation with bottleneck were associated with the presence of E.coli in water (p < 0.05). Conclusion: water from provisioning sources and household reserves are severely polluted and water quality is not good at consumption point and at provisioning point. The reinforcement of safety measures at water points, reduction of conservation length and hygienic water cleaning of storage water recipients are necessary to assure quality of water.

Solar Water Pumping System in Isolated Area to Electricity: The Case of Mibirizi Village (Rwanda)

This paper made studies on the solar water pumping system in isolated area focusing on the case of Mibirizi village. The author made full interpretation of the construction of the solar pumping system and the general information of Rwanda, and then made full interpretation of the designing and calculating process of solar pumping system.

The Construction and Practice of Ecological Villages and Aquatic Biological Systems

This paper selects Xiaowangliu Village,Banquan Town,Junan County,Linyi City as the test point to explore the construction of he ecological village. The ecological village is divided into two sub-systems: land and waters. The water resource of the ecological village is divided into the village water source,village water system,village pond wetland and water resource output sub-systems. The organic waste in villages is related to the industrialization of insect resources.

Influence of droughts on remote villages in the karst region of Guizhou Province, China: Causes and control

Even though the precipitation is abundant in the Karst region of Guizhou Province, remote villages in this area frequently suffer severe droughts. This paper studied the causes of droughts in this region through field investigation and references collection. Based on the cause analysis, some suggestions were provided for hazard prevention and control from an engineering perspective. Besides occasional extreme weathers, the drought in this area is primarily caused by its unique geological structures of Karst plateau and underdeveloped agricultural techniques. Meanwhile, the vicious cycle between drought and poverty, which causes the deficiency of water conservancy facilities and hazard prevention awareness, is an important reason for the frequent occurrence of agricultural and socioeconomic drought. Considering the social and economic conditions of remote villages, the long-term control of drought can only be realized if current measures are capable of bring immediate effects and benefits. Therefore, the construction of well-planned and designed water conservancy system based on each village's natural and social conditions are the priority for current hazard prevention. Generally, the exploitation of subterranean river should be considered as the first choice to stabilize the water supply for remote villages. Meanwhile, the construction and improvement of micro water conservancy facilities, such as small water tank, small pond and so on, can effectively support the water providence during droughts as well.

“三生”空间视角下苏南水网乡村景观生态风险评价——以石头潭片区为例

苏南水网乡村是新型城镇化建设的先行区,然而快速经济建设对“三生”空间景观格局造成较大干扰,引发的景观生态风险变化值得关注。研究以苏州市石头潭片区为例,选取1990、2000、2010、2020年4期土地利用数据,基于景观格局指数构建景观生态风险评价模型,定量分析研究区“三生”空间景观生态风险时空分异特征。结果表明,1)1990-2020年石头潭片区“三生”空间面积变化显著。生态空间面积稳步增加;农业生产空间面积逐年缩减;工业生产空间、城镇生活空间与农村生活空间扩张显著。“三生”空间类型转移以农业生产空间转向城镇生活空间与工业生产空间为主。2)研究区“三生”空间与景观生态风险存在关联性,高风险区主要分布于澄湖等水域生态空间,中风险区主要为沿湖荡分布的农业生产空间与农村生活空间,低风险区多为成片聚集分布的城镇生活空间与工业生产空间。1990-2020年石头潭片区景观生态风险等级不断上升,较高、高风险区面积逐步扩张,面积占比分别上升14.43%、7.50%。3)石头潭片区景观生态风险存在显著空间正相关性;生态风险指数空间分布以高-高与低-低聚集为主,空间分异特征明显。

传统村落生态理水文化价值及实践

中国传统村落中蕴含着丰富的物质和非物质文化资源,蓄水、引水、用水文化是其中重要的组成部分。村落中对雨水资源的利用方式和治理方法等非遗文化,综合了实用性、景观性、生态性和可持续性,是前人历史经验的积累,充分展示了中华传统文化的魅力和内涵。太行山区传统村落蕴含丰富生态理水文化智慧的是窖池、梯田和水渠,对解决干旱少雨地区生活、生产用水,建设宜居的人居环境,华北地区水资源生态环境建设,防范水灾,人居环境建设和乡村环境治理,将传统生态理水文化智慧融入乡村生态振兴实践,具有重要参考价值。

自主治理:村民有效参与水环境治理的实现机制——以广西柳州市柳江区莲花屯为例

探讨村民有效参与水环境自主治理的机制对发挥村民主体作用具有重要意义。文章基于自主治理理论,以广西柳州市柳江区莲花屯村民参与水环境自主治理为例,对该屯实践取得成功的主要机制进行了探讨,研究发现实行自主治理能够促进村民参与实现组织化有序化、使村民治理权利得到保障、有效动员村民参与并激发其参与活力、规制村民治理行为以及实现村民自主监管的目标。该屯实践取得成功与四大自主治理要素相关且呈现出四种重要机制,即为村民参与提供组织平台和保障村民参与权利的运行机制,为达成水环境治理集体行动凝聚村民共识的动员机制,为激励村民参与和规制村民参与行为提供规则的奖惩机制,为村民自主管理和互相监督明确权责的监管机制。

“适水而生”智慧下泉水聚落人居空间营造——以济南玉河泉村为例

“适水而生”是一种重要的人居空间营建智慧,在全世界形成了独具特质的人居空间营造智慧,也形成了一批滨水聚落人居空间营造原型。文章以济南市玉河泉村为例,从村落水适应性的视角切入,以类型学为方法,研究总体空间结构和适水人居空间模式特征,初步提出了针对泉水聚落人居环境的空间研究框架,期待为我国“适水而生”乡村振兴提供理论依据和参考借鉴。

主客观方法的寒地传统村落生态治水韧性评价

本文以文献综述和实证研究为基础,运用耦合评价体系对村落人居空间生态韧性要素进行多维分析研究,在对寒地典型村落特征进行判定的基础上,引导形成现代治水防灾规划的启示。首先针对城乡空间环境韧性评价研究方法进行综述,得出了以多维模型耦合评价空间韧性的合理性与实操性;其次,总结不同研究方法结合模式梳理评价因子体系,通过多层筛选确定用于北方村落治水韧性评价方式与模型,通过观察测量无人机与三维模型数据处理技术得到评价数据,用熵值法与耦合协调度模型进行韧性评价,通过结合实例分析构建的评价体系与村落实际情况相符,证明体系的合理性;最后根据评价结果与调研数据综合分析,得出针对村落防灾生态规划建设的新思路。

人化自然与家园建构:云南一个多民族移民村生态振兴之路

“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生态文明理念是马克思主义实践自然观中国化时代化的结晶,反映了自然环境与社会财富之间的相互关系。自然环境包括自在自然和人化自然。通过人化自然创造“绿水青山”进而向“金山银山”转化的过程既是人与自然之间关系的协调过程,也是人与人之间关系的塑造过程,诠释了生态文明的完整内涵。原本不适宜人居住的云南省元阳县南沙镇呼山村,在政府和多民族移民久久为功的共同努力下,攻克重重困难,在生产实践中创造“绿水青山”,实现乡村自然生态振兴,又在生活实践和治理实践中建设和美家园,促成乡村人文生态振兴。这一家园建构目标的达成,体现了人与自然和谐共生、物质文明和精神文明相协调的中国式现代化的特征。

农村生活污水处理与村庄水环境改善

随着农村经济和社会的持续发展,农村生活污水问题日益突出,直接影响到村庄的水环境和农民的健康生活。本文主要探讨农村生活污水处理及村庄水环境改善的必要性和可行性措施,分析了农村当前污水处理的现状和存在的问题,提出了一系列针对性的处理和改善措施,包括污水处理技术的选择、建设和管理等方面。最后,根据实地调查和案例分析,总结了村庄水环境改善的效果和意义。希望通过本文的研究,为农村污水处理和村庄水环境改善提供参考和指导,为构建美丽乡村和保障农民健康出一份力。

长三角城市湿地保护可持续路径解析——以苏州为例

长三角湿地是一个复杂、动态、跨区域的生态系统,对维护区域城市生态平衡、提升城市生态品质具有重要意义。以长三角的重要城市苏州湿地保护为切入点,研究总结苏州湿地保护与利用面临的主要问题,并根据问题提出苏州湿地保护可持续发展的实现路径。将保护规划重点聚焦湿地保护质量提升,湿地生态系统服务功能修复,考虑流域协同保护,从人文生态视角发掘湿地自然与文化资源,提质特色湿地景观,提高湿地科学管理等方面,这些尝试对长三角乃至沿海地区发达城市的湿地保护发展具有一定的借鉴意义。

沙田水乡地域文化背景下的小学美术色彩教学研究

沙田水乡地域以其独特的自然景观和丰富的人文历史而闻名,其色彩文化承载着深厚的历史底蕴和独特的民俗风情。在小学美术教育中,如何将沙田水乡地域文化融入到色彩教学中,成为了当前需要探讨的重要问题。本研究旨在探讨沙田水乡地域文化背景下的小学美术色彩教学。通过对沙田水乡地域文化的特点进行分析,通过文化体验活动、文化主题课程、实地写生和创作活动等途径,可以有效地促进学生对沙田水乡地域文化的理解和色彩表达能力的提升。