The Effect of the 2007/2008 Financial Crisis on Enterprise Risk Management Disclosure of Top US Banks

We document the effect of the 2007/2008 financial crisis on the volume and the quality of enterprise risk management （ERM） disclosure in the annual reports of the largest US banks, and analyze its determinants. Using a content analysis approach of the annual reports form 10-K for the years 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009, we find that the ERM disclosure is significantly and positively associated with the crisis, bank size, board independence, duality and significantly and negatively associated with profitability, leverage, and board size. This paper seeks to fill a gap in the literature by investigating the effect of the crisis on ERM disclosure in the US banking sector context, and gives an insight into the factors affecting risk disclosure practices during the financial crisis.

The Moderating Role of Ownership Structure on the Relation between Board Independence and Voluntary Financial Disclosure: An Analysis of Italian Listed Company

Voluntary disclosure and corporate governance variables, such as board independence and ownership structure are considered mechanisms useful to reduce information asymmetries between competing parties of the firms. This paper aims at investigating both the relationship between board independence and the quality of voluntary financial disclosure and how previous relationship is moderated by the level of ownership concentration. The analysis has been conducted on a sample of Italian non-financial listed companies. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between board independence and the quality of voluntary financial disclosure provided by companies. In addition, the findings reveal that ownership concentration plays a relevant moderating role in previous relationship. The results highlight the necessity to consider the interaction effects of different governance mechanisms, when studying corporate governance effectiveness.

The Impact of Financial Distress Status and Corporate Governance Structures on the Level of Voluntary Disclosure Within Annual Reports of Firms （Case Study of Non-financial Firms in Indonesia Over the Period of 2009-2011）

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of financial distress status and corporate governance structures on the level of voluntary disclosure. We apply six independent variables, including the firm＇s financial distress status and five components of corporate governance structures, such as board independence, audit committee independence, institutional ownership, board meeting frequency, and audit committee meeting frequency. This research is carried out by examining the annual reports of 114 non-financial firms listed at the Indonesian Stock Exchange over the period of 2009-2011. To test hypotheses, we undergo two different analyses, including independent samples t-test and Multiple Linear Regression. We find that： （1） The audit committee independence and the audit committee meeting frequency have significant positive impacts on the level of voluntary disclosure; （2） The financial distress status is negatively related to the level of disclosure at various levels of significance; and （3） All the independent variables are simultaneously related to voluntary disclosure.

Off- balance- sheet Information Disclosure of Listed Bank Derivative Financial Instruments

With China＇s progressive multi-level capital market strategic direction, as well as the gradual implementation of the mixed operation of commercial banks. Derivative financial instruments will be further developed in commercial banks. This paper focuses on the information disclosure of derivative financial instruments by commercial banks, combined with the standard of disclosure of off-balance-sheet information of international derivative financial instruments, using the disclosure index and project disclosure ratio to analyze the disclosure of derivative financial instruments of listed banks in our country, Off-balance sheet information disclosure, and puts forward suggestions on how to further improve the quality of off-balance-sheet information disclosure of derivative financial instruments in China.

Disclosure on Intellectual Capital in the Age of Industry 4.0:Evidence From Italian Capital Market

Matter of interest is the disclosure on intellectual capital(IC)in the era of global“knowledge economy”or global“knowledge society”.The aim of the paper is to verify the level of disclosure that Italian companies have on the components and on the relevance of their IC.Using the“content analysis”and a specific method already tested in managerial literature,we propose a report that measures the intellectual capital with the adoption of 21 functional indicators,which consider specific aspects of intangible assets of a firm.Applying the content analysis to financial statements of 56 companies included in five super-sector stock indexes of Italian equity market,we find that the level of overall disclosure is,on average,moderate but increasing.Observing a disclosure index based on the specific components of intellectual capital considered in this research,all the aspects of IC have benefited,on average,of an improvement in the level of external communication.This paper represents an improvement of a paper presented at the Symorg Conference regarding the empirical analysis.At the same time,it is just the first step of a wider research that aims to verify the relationships existing between IC,firm performances,and market capitalization.

The web-based financial reporting adopted by the listed companies in the Athens Stock Exchange

Web-based corporate reporting is the provision of financial information through the Internet. Other companies prefer to disclose their financial information in order to satisfy their investors and to attract new ones while others prefer to provide as less information as possible. The purpose of this paper is twofold： first it provides a critical examination of the main reporting criteria followed by the Greek listed companies, in order to point out how many of these companies present these criteria. Second, it considers how the industry sector of the listed companies or their capitalization category is related with their disclosure degree of financial reporting.

The extent of voluntary disclosure in an emerging capital market： The case of Jordan

This study evaluates the extent of voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of non-financial companies listed at the Amman Stock Exchange （ASE） for the year 2006. The study adopts the disclosure index suggested by Haddad, AI-Shattarat ＆ Nobanee （2009） and evaluates the voluntary disclosure for the Jordanian companies for the year 2006 at three levels： the first provides a description and analysis of the overall voluntary disclosure; the second covers the extent to which each individual item of information is disclosed; the third covers the type of information （e.g., financial information, historical information, management discussion）. The results of the study reveal that there was a considerable variation in the disclosure of the index items and also among the listed companies. On average, a company disclosed about 28.95% of the items applicable to it, and only six out of the 53 companies received disclosure scores greater than 50%. It was also found that 50 items out of 62 items included in the index had a disclosure below 50%, and 10 items had disclosure of less than 10%. With respect to the evaluation of different types of information, the analyses indicated that the category of the background information, the category of financial ratios and the category of management discussions were better disclosed in corporate annual reports than the other types of information.

Variability in conflict of interest disclosures by physicians presenting trauma research

AIM To quantify the variability of financial disclosures by authors presenting orthopaedic trauma research. METHODS Self-reported authorship disclosure information published for the 2012 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons(AAOS) and Orthopaedic Trauma Association(OTA) meetings was compiled from meeting programs. Both the AAOS and OTA required global disclosures for participants. Data collected included:(1) total number of presenters;(2) number of presenters with financial disclosures;(3) number of disclosures per author;(4) total number of companies supporting each author; and(5) specific type of disclosure. Disclosures made by authors presenting at more than one meeting were then compared for discrepancies.RESULTS Of the 5002 and 1168 authors presenting at the AAOS and OTA annual meetings, respectively, 1649(33%) and 246(21.9%) reported a financial disclosure(P < 0.0001). At the AAOS conference, the mean number of disclosures among presenters with disclosures was 4.01 with a range from 1 to 44. The majority of authors with disclosures reported three or more disclosures(n = 876, 53.1%). The most common cited disclosurewas as a paid consultant(51.5%) followed by research support(43.0%) and paid speaker(34.8%). Among the 256 physicians with financial disclosures presenting at the OTA conference, the mean number of disclosures was 4.03 with a range from 1 to 22. Similar to the AAOS conference, the majority of authors with any disclosures at the OTA conference reported three or more disclosures(n = 140, 54.7%). Most authors with a disclosure had three or more disclosures and the most common type of disclosure was paid consulting. At the OTA conference, the most commonly cited form of disclosure was paid consultant(54.3%) followed by research support(46.1%) and paid speaker(42.6%). Of the 346 researchers who presented at both meetings, 112(32.4%) authors were found to have at least one disclosure discrepancy. Among authors with a discrepancy, 36(32.1%) had three or more discrepancies. CONCLUSION There were variability and inconsistencies in financial disclosures by researchers presenting orthopaedic trauma research. Improved transparency of conflict of interest disclosures is warranted among trauma researchers presenting at national meetings.

Draw Lessons from International Experiences to Promotethe Information Disclosure of the PPP in Our Country

P P P 作为传统政府采购的创新形式,其项目信息公开制度既应具有传统政府采购的-般要求,也应具有自己的特殊性,这对增加社会资本的参与热情、防止公共采购的腐败、倒逼项目提高质量具有重要意义.借鉴国际金融组织在P P P 项目信息公开方面较为成熟的政策与规定,并根据世界各国的具体实践,提出中国P P P 项目信息公开方面的具体建议,明确敏感信息的界定与公开方式,同时利用中国P P P 综合信息平台的运行,构建中国政府采购的质疑投诉机制,建立完整的报价体系和信息公告制度.

The Link Between Internet Financial Reporting and Information Asymmetry for American Depository Receipts

We provide evidence on the effect of the presentation format and information content of Internet financial reporting on the market value of American Depository Receipts and on country-specific variables that drive Internet financial reporting. A two-stage Heckman approach was used to determine if Internet financial reporting adds incremental value to firms beyond the decision to cross-list in the United States. The results indicate that investors more highly value firms that provide information in multiple formats. We also find that country-specific variables affect the information content, but not the presentation format of disclosures on corporate websites. The results uncover a disconnection between what the market values （presentation format） and what the firms believe the market values （information content）. This implies that firms are not entirely aware of investors＇ information wants and that they are not utilizing their resources in the manner that will have the most impact on their market value.

Investigating Voluntary Risk Disclosure： The Case of Jordanian Banks

The aim of the study is to investigate whether banks in Jordan are compliant with the International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） 7 requirement for mandatory disclosure and to find out the extent to which the banks provide voluntary risk disclosures. To achieve the objectives of the study, we collected data from all 15 banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange for the year ending December 2013. The findings of the study suggest that there is strong compliance with respect to mandatory risk disclosure, as required by IFRS. However, the results generally signal a need for further improvement in the voluntary risk disclosure area, since most of the banks do not provide adequate information that can be of use to stakeholders. We also suggest future avenues of research into the topic to determine progress.

Financial statements in less developed countries： What do preparers demand？

This study reports on an empirical investigation of the characteristics, attitudes, and beliefs of preparers of external financial reports in a less developed country. The basic research instrument consisted of a questionnaire in two parts： the first addressing attitudes of professional accountants toward annual financial reports generally; the second, more specifically measuring the importance of the information items to preparers. Our results suggest that the independent auditor is the most influential group in decision-making processes. As in many developed countries, the auditor＇s report and the regulatory framework are considered to have a major influence on financial reporting practices. Preparers believe that a lack of knowledge of external users＇ needs and lack of reporting standards and accepted accounting principles are the main concerns with corporate financial reports in Iran. The results showed that the balance sheet, auditors＇ report, and income statement in that order are the three most important parts of the annual reports.

Corporate Internet Disclosure in the Arabian Gulf： An Empirical Examination of Determinants and Attributes

This paper investigates and reports on the extent and nature of corporate internet disclosure and the determinants of internet financial disclosure （IFD） by companies listed in three Gulf Corporation Council （GCC） countries. This paper uses data from 207 listed companies in Muscat Securities Market （MSM）, Dubai Financial Market （DFM）, and Qatar Exchange （QE）. Binary logistic regression analysis is used to examine the determinants of IFD. Kruskal-Wallis test is used to examine the differences in disclosure characteristics among the three countries. The results of this study reveal that firm size is the major factor influencing intemet financial reporting in the GCC. The results reveal that the three countries differ significantly in all the disclosure attributes with the exception of the existence of email link. This paper extends the stream of research that confirms the widespread use of internet in disclosing financial information. The results are consistent with previous literature that corporate size is a major determinant of internet financial reporting. This paper provides insights into corporate internet disclosure in the GCC that will benefit all stakeholders with an interest in corporate reporting in this important region of the world.

Evaluation and analysis of influencing factors on the quality of carbon disclosure:An empirical study of CDP in China

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quality of corporate carbon disclosure and to analyze its influencing factors. With the hand-collected carbon information from annual reports, social responsibility reports, sustainability reports and opened CDP questionnaires of the sample of 100 Chinese companies investigated by CDP from 2008-2011, the quality of carbon disclosure is defined by evaluating indicators obtained from factor analysis, and its influencing factors are studied from three aspects including company characteristics, financial features and corporate governance by means of correlation, differences comparison and regression analyses. Findings show that the quality of Chinese companies' carbon disclosure is mainly affected by company characteristics(such as the emission characteristics of one's industry and dual listed) and corporate governance(such as ownership concentration), but in perspective of financial features, there seems to be little relation between the disclosure quality and financing motivations. The practical implication of the paper is to help Chinese companies find out effective ways to improve carbon disclosure quality. The paper contributes to carbon disclosure literature by explaining the connotation of carbon information, providing a set of evaluation indicators of carbon disclosure and exploring the influencing factors from various perspectives.

内部控制、自愿碳信息披露与财务绩效

针对内部控制、自愿碳信息披露与财务绩效的关系问题,采用实证研究的方法,以2017—2021年沪市A股重污染行业企业为样本,分析内部控制、自愿碳信息披露与财务绩效的关系。研究表明:高质量的内部控制与财务绩效显著正相关;内部控制与自愿碳信息披露显著正相关;高质量的内部控制可以通过自愿碳信息披露来提高财务绩效,自愿碳信息披露在内部控制与财务绩效的关系中发挥部分中介效应。研究结论为重污染行业企业加强内部控制,促进企业绿色低碳发展提供参考。

绿色金融政策与“两高”企业融资成本——信号博弈下绿色创新的中介反应

探究绿色金融政策的作用机理及政策效果具有重要理论意义与实践价值。基于不完全信息动态博弈理论,揭示绿色金融政策背景下高耗能高污染企业策略性行为与融资活动的关系:绿色金融政策会引发企业“信号战争”与绿色创新行为,进而形成多种纳什均衡,对“两高”企业融资产生不同影响。基于537家上市公司相关数据,采用链式中介效应模型考察绿色金融政策对“两高”企业融资成本的影响,结果发现:绿色金融政策不仅能够直接降低“两高”企业融资成本,而且可以通过环境信息披露、绿色技术创新的中介作用,以及环境信息披露和绿色技术创新的链式中介作用3条间接路径降低企业融资成本。

碳信息披露对重污染企业财务绩效影响研究

以2013—2022年沪深A股重污染企业为研究对象,探究碳信息披露、融资约束与财务绩效之间的关系。研究表明,重污染企业碳信息披露与财务绩效显著正相关;融资约束在碳信息披露与财务绩效之间表现为遮掩效应。进一步研究发现,国有企业碳信息披露对财务绩效的正向促进作用更显著;行业竞争程度较高的企业,其碳信息披露对财务绩效的正向促进作用更显著。

内控缺陷与实体企业过度金融资产配置——内控缺陷的存在与披露效应检验

以深沪A股主板上市公司为样本,基于内控缺陷视角,研究内控缺陷的存在与披露对实体企业过度金融资产配置的影响。研究发现:内控缺陷的存在会刺激实体企业过度金融资产配置;内控缺陷的披露对实体企业过度金融资产配置无显著影响。进一步研究表明,基于内部控制整体视角,内控缺陷的修复能抑制实体企业过度金融资产配置;动机上,投机套利是存在内控缺陷实体企业过度金融资产配置的动机;作用机制上,内控缺陷的存在主要是通过加剧两类代理冲突,从而影响实体企业过度金融资产配置;经济后果上,存在内控缺陷实体企业的过度金融资产配置行为会挤出实物投资和减少研发投入;治理机制上,管理层股权激励和大股东持股能抑制存在内控缺陷实体企业的过度金融资产配置行为。

上市公司ESG信息披露与审计延迟

绿色低碳可持续发展背景下,ESG信息披露在企业管理和资本市场投资决策领域掀起一股热潮,但ESG信息披露对审计师行为的影响尚不明确。基于此,以2010—2020年中国A股上市公司为样本,探析上市公司ESG信息披露与审计延迟的关系。研究发现:上市公司ESG信息披露能够改善年报审计延迟;良好的ESG信息表现可以通过提高企业透明度、降低财务风险而缓解审计延迟;企业内部治理(高内部控制水平、低代理成本)和外部监管(高媒体关注、高分析师关注、高政府环境监管)能够增强ESG信息披露对审计延迟的抑制作用。研究结论丰富了ESG经济后果和审计延迟影响因素的相关文献,为提升企业年报信息价值、完善ESG信息体系建设、提高资本市场信息沟通效率提供了有效建议。

银行金融科技发展能降低企业周边碳排放吗?

银行金融科技的发展不仅能够提高在企业信贷市场的竞争力,还能提升银行服务实体经济发展的质效,是建设金融强国和实现高质量发展的重要驱动力。文章运用2013—2022年沪深A股上市公司数据,构造企业层面银行金融科技影响加权指标以及企业周边碳排放总量指标,分析了银行金融科技发展对企业碳排放的影响及作用机制。机制分析显示,银行金融科技能够通过提升企业要素配置效率和环境信息披露质量来降低企业周边碳排放水平。异质性分析显示,对于规模较大、所在省份金融发展程度较高、非重污染行业的企业以及在国有银行贷款的企业而言,银行金融科技的碳减排效应更为明显。银行金融科技主要通过引导企业开展事前绿色创新投资活动而非事后污染治理活动来实现碳减排。为此,建议引导银行大力发展金融科技,提升企业的要素配置效率和环境信息披露质量;同时,实施差异化的金融支持政策,精准有效支持和引导企业降低碳排放。