Attention Markets of Blockchain-Based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the negative effects of pro-posers’attention-capturing strategies that contribute to the“tragedy of the commons”and ensure an efficient distribution of attention among multiple proposals,it is necessary to establish a market-driven allocation scheme for DAOs’attention.First,the Harberger tax-based attention markets are designed to facilitate its allocation via continuous and automated trading,where the individualized Harberger tax rate(HTR)determined by the pro-posers’reputation is adopted.Then,the Stackelberg game model is formulated in these markets,casting attention to owners in the role of leaders and other competitive proposers as followers.Its equilibrium trading strategies are also discussed to unravel the intricate dynamics of attention pricing.Moreover,utilizing the single-round Stackelberg game as an illustrative example,the existence of Nash equilibrium trading strategies is demonstrated.Finally,the impact of individualized HTR on trading strategies is investigated,and results suggest that it has a negative correlation with leaders’self-accessed prices and ownership duration,but its effect on their revenues varies under different conditions.This study is expected to provide valuable insights into leveraging attention resources to improve DAOs’governance and decision-making process.

Action Mechanism of Relation Skills of Villager Autonomy Organizations on Operation Performance of Farmer Households

Through building " relation skills- knowledge acquisition- operation performance",this paper discussed action mechanism of relation skills of villager autonomy organizations on operation performance of farmer households. On the basis of questionnaire survey of 208 farmer households in Guangdong,it studied influence of relation skills of villager autonomy organizations on operation performance of farmer households from hierarchical relation skills and market relation skills,and introduced knowledge acquisition as mediator variables to discuss the influence mechanism. Results indicate that relation skills and knowledge acquisition have positive influence on operation performance of farmer households,knowledge acquisition takes intermediate action on market relation skills and operation performance,while hierarchical relation skills promote improvement of operation performance only through acquisition of explicit knowledge.

Analysis of New Model of "Rule by Three Committees" and Discussion on Construction of Villagers' Self-governing Organizations in China

This paper introduces the operation model of "rule by three committees", including the members of "three committees", functional constitution of "three committees", and relationship between restriction and coordination of "three committees". By referring to the villagers' self-governing system in China, and the relevant provisions in Constitution and Village Committee Organization Law, we take into account the legitimacy of "rule by three committees". In terms of the details of system design, we perfect the new model of "rule by three committees" as follows: make the conditions of holding office stringent and ensure the quality requirements of members of "three committees"; standardize the procedures of election, and guarantee the equitable election of members of "three committees"; perfect dismissal procedure, and strengthen the supervision on members of "three committees".

A Multi-agent Organization Approach for Developing Social-Technical Software of Autonomous Robots

Software of autonomous robot is a complex physical and social technical system that is context-aware, autonomous and capable of self-management to achieve tasks. It typically consists of a large amount of autonomous entities and interactions. To develop such system needs high-level metaphors and effective mechanisms independent of physical and technical details of various robots.The paper presents a multi-agent organization approach to developing autonomous robot software that is modelled as social organization, in which each agent is bound to specific roles with specified responsibilities that are tightly related with robot’s characteristics and tasks. These agents form diverse organization structure and patterns to achieve flexible cooperation in order to achieve assigned tasks. The paper details multi-agent organization model of autonomous robot software and various roles in the model. We have implemented a framework called AutoRobot that realizes the approach and supports the development and running of autonomous robot software. A case is studied by using NAO robot to show the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Implementation of Villagers Autonomy on Fast Lane——In commemoration of the fifth anniversary of the promulgation and implementation of the Organic Law of the Villagers Committees

It is already five years since the 10-year-old experimental law on the organization of villagers committees adopted in November 1987 by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress was made permanent, ending an intense political debate about how much independence villagers committees should be given to manage village affairs and to what extent villagers should be allowed to choose their leaders. It is five years in which the implementation of villagers autonomy as defined by the law proceeded the fastest and the achievements were the most fruitful. Local laws Over the past five years, all places

Influence of social capital on the livelihood strategies of farmers under China's rural revitalization strategy in poor mountain areas: A case study of the Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture

Social capital in the form of social resources or social networks is one of the most important livelihood capital of farmers, which can increase the labor productivity of poor households and increase income. It is important to explore the reasons underlying the livelihood strategy choices of farmers from the perspective of social capital under China’s rural revitalization strategy. In this study, the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, a povertystricken mountainous area in southwestern China, was selected as the case study area, and multivariable linear regression models were constructed to analyze the influence of social capital on livelihood strategies.The results are as follows:(1) Individual social capital had a positive effect on non-agricultural livelihood strategies. On average, with a one-unit increase in individual social capital, the ratio of farmers’ nonagricultural income to total productive income(Income_Rto) increased by 0.002% and 0.062%,respectively. Collective social capital, with the Peasant Economic Cooperation Organization(PECO) as the carrier, had a negative effect on the non-agricultural livelihood strategies of farmers;on average, with a oneunit increase in PECO, Income_Rto decreased by approximately 0.053%. However, this effect was only significant in the river valley area.(2) The income differences among the different livelihood strategy types were explained by the livelihood strategy choices of farmers. As non-agricultural work can bring more benefits, the labor force exhibited one-way migration from villages to cities, resulting in a lack of the subject of rural revitalization. It is necessary to implement effective measures to highlight the role of PECO in increasing agricultural income for farmers. Finally,based on the above conclusions,policy recommendations with respect to livelihood transformation of farmers and rural sustainable development are discussed.

Using self-determination theory to identify organizational interventions to support coal mineworkers’ dust-reducing practices

Advancing the application of safety and health(S&H)technologies is likely to remain a value in the mining industry.However,any information that technologies generate must be translated from the organization to the workforce in a targeted way to result in sustainable change.Using a case study approach with continuous personal dust monitors(CPDMs),this paper argues for an organizational focus on technology integration.Although CPDMs provide mineworkers with near real-time feedback about their respirable coal dust exposure,they do not ensure that workers or the organization will continuously use the information to learn about and reduce exposure sources.This study used self-determination theory(SDT)to help three mines manage and communicate about information learned from the CPDM technology.Specifically,35 mineworkers participated in two mixed-method data collection efforts to discuss why they do or do not use CPDMs to engage in dust-reducing practices.Subsequently,the data was analyzed to better understand how organizations can improve the integration of technology through their management systems.Results indicate that using the CPDM to reduce sources of dust exposure is consistent with mineworkers’self-values to protect their health and not necessarily because of compliance to a manager or mine.

Spacial organization on the rural settlements in plain areas—taking Pinghu city in Zhejiang of China as an example

This paper analyses the spacial distribution, quantity-scale, function-structure and facilities from the angle of spacial organizational optimizing theory and sustainable development thought. The authors point out the distributional principles of rural settlements in plain areas, and put forward planning and distribution of various levels of rural settlements (central villages, basic villages and natural villages).

A decision model for decentralized autonomous organization platform selection: Three industry case studies

Context:Decentralized autonomous organizations are a new form of smart contract-based governance.Decentralized autonomous organization platforms,which support the creation of such organizations,are becoming increasingly popular,such as Aragon and Colony.Selecting the best fitting platform is challenging for organizations,as a significant number of decision criteria,such as popularity,developer availability,governance issues and consistent documentation of such platforms,should be considered.Additionally,decision-makers at the organizations are not experts in every domain,so they must continuously acquire volatile knowledge regarding such platforms.Objective:Supporting decision-makers in selecting the right decentralized autonomous organization platforms by designing an effective decision model is the main objective of this study.We aim to provide more insight into their selection process and reduce time and effort significantly by designing a decision model.Method:This study presents a decision model for the decentralized autonomous organization platform selection problem.The decision model captures knowledge regarding such platforms and concepts systematically.This model is based on an existing theoretical framework that assists software engineers with a set of multi-criteria decision-making problems in software production.Results:We conducted three industry case studies in the context of three decentralized autonomous organizations to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision model in assisting decision-makers.The case study participants declared that the decision model provides significantly more insight into their selection process and reduces time and effort.Conclusion:We observe in the empirical evidence from the case studies that decision-makers can make more rational,efficient,and effective decisions with the decision model.Furthermore,the reusable form of the captured knowledge regarding decentralized autonomous organization platforms can be employed by other researchers in their future investigations.

The ins and outs of decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs)unraveling the definitions,characteristics,and emerging developments of DAOs

Despite the increase in the number of blockchain-based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations(DAOs),there is no consensus on what constitutes a DAO.This paper provides an in-depth study of DAOs by analyzing their definitions,characteristics,and emerging developments.Existing definitions in the literature hardly recognize common functionalities and intermingle coded DAOs,DAO deployment platforms,and blockchain DAOs.We developed a comprehensive DAO definition by reviewing the literature and empirically analyzing 1,859 DAOs.The findings show that many DAOs were inactive and that a threshold of 20 tokenholders is a tipping point for DAOs to survive over time and maintain sustained levels of activity.Finally,based on an empirical analysis of 9,845 perceived DAOs,we identified the emerging development of off-chain voting.This emerging development challenges the autonomous nature of DAOs.We recommend further research to investigate the effect of governance structures on their long-term sustainability and viability for both on-chain and off-chain DAOs.

权力、资本和地方:传统村落人居环境有机更新的机制与路径研究

传统村落人居环境有机更新是增进村民福祉、延续传统文化的重要抓手,是实现乡村振兴战略和共同富裕目标的路径选择之一。基于有机更新理论,采用“权力—资本—地方”三元辩证视角分析,构建了“搭建有机更新共同体的网络体系—形成多元主体协同共建的互动机制—提出有机更新共同体的行动路径”的分析框架,以湖南省岳阳县张谷英村为例,对张谷英村人居环境有机更新进行机制探索和路径选择。研究发现:1)传统村落人居环境有机更新是指政府、企业和村民三大更新主体,为实现有机秩序修复和传统功能转型两大更新目标,通过精准判定、精准修复和精准施策的更新方式提供多元保障的过程。2)张谷英村人居环境更新经过4个阶段的实践演进,最终在多元主体协同共建模式下成功搭建有机更新共同体网络体系。张谷英村政府强化权力规制机制、企业落实资本投入机制、村民践行地方参与机制,共同构成了张谷英村“构建有机更新网络、培育有机更新信任和形成有机更新规范”的三维互动机制。3)基于三维互动机制,针对张谷英村管理失衡、收益失策和权益失位的现实阻滞,提出了规划制定和监管强化、责任共担和收益共享、意识强化和行为规范的行动路径。研究从多元主体视角对传统村落人居环境有机更新研究进行补充,对张谷英村的保护和发展具有一定的实践指导意义。

甘南州传统村落文化基因分析与传承研究

传统村落是传承中华优秀传统文化的宝贵“基因库”,应切实保护村庄的整体空间形态与环境,全面保护村落传统建筑。借助文化基因理论解析甘南藏族自治州传统村落的形态布局、特征内涵和基因类型,甘南州传统村落主体基因是农业文化基因,附着基因是建筑文化基因,混合基因是民俗文化基因。构建“商业开发—设施建设—品牌推广”的一体化传承模式,将文化基因理论融入甘南州传统村落建设,划定文化功能区保护发展文化走廊,利用现代数字技术推动传统村落保护开发,加强传统村落人才队伍建设。传统村落文化基因分析与创新传承对文化传承、文脉延续、留住“乡愁”具有重要意义。

村庄微治理的实践样态与内在逻辑

20世纪80年代以来,受到城市化、工业化浪潮的全面冲击,乡村社会日常生活的整体秩序日渐瓦解,如何重建村庄日常生活秩序成为一个时代问题,而村庄微治理是回应这一时代问题的一种实践探索。村庄微治理是以微单元为空间场域,以微组织、微网格为基础,以微平台为载体,以微事务为内容,以微行动、微服务为手段,以微机制为动力,拓宽基层治理参与渠道,激发治理主体参与意愿的一种有效的治理机制。通过对重庆市H村“三微三事”治理实践案例的深入分析发现:村庄微治理的主要做法是通过划分微网格、成立微组织、建设微阵地、共议发展事、互助困难事、倡做文明事使治理回应生活;通过党建引领机制、熟人社会约束机制使治理面向生活。而村庄微治理的内在逻辑具体包括重构村庄生活秩序、打造生活共同体。

吸纳性规制:农村集体资产经营中的基层政府行为模式

在农村集体经济全面转向以集体土地和物业出租为主要形式的租赁型经济条件下,基层政府针对集体资产经营的行为模式需要更加深入的探讨。基于政府规制理论的演进脉络和场景变迁,提出“吸纳性规制”概念,用以分析基层政府主导集体资产经营的政策实践。经验研究发现,基层政府一方面完善集体资产持有、交易、使用等环节的具体规则,持续推动行政监管扩容;另一方面通过基层组织支配和集体资产代管,完成对集体资产经营权的接收。二者构成了吸纳性规制的不同实践层次,展现了行政权力的边界延展与行政系统的职能扩充。在这一过程中,基层政府注重寻求“合法性策略”与“实质性目标”之间的平衡,将规范经济秩序、提高经济绩效作为获致集体资产经营主导权的重要基础。吸纳性规制具有促进集体经济规范运行、提高集体收益的积极功能,但是也可能带给基层政府更多应对复杂市场环境、介入集体产权纠纷的压力。

辽宁省社区草根体育组织的自主性运作研究——基于三个个案的剖析

从社区体育的视角,在分析草根体育组织的内涵的基础上,依据辽宁省3个代表性较高的社区草根体育组织,提炼出不同个案的自主性运作逻辑,剖析其行动外溢情况,并提出对策。研究发现,辽宁省社区草根体育组织的自主性运作面临权威树立与区域治理权争夺、组织内部整合能力与外部环境之间的张力、组织汲取资源能力与激化区域派系冲突三方面主要矛盾。鉴于此,提出基于互联网思维的健康运作导向:以网络式登记促进组织信息化、以积分奖惩制度促进组织专业化、以体育赛事活动促进组织有序化。

日常生活实践视野下旅游型传统村落有机更新策略研究——以板梁村公共空间为例

乡村振兴背景下,旅游开发成为传统村落发展的重要路径,但在旅游空间生产过程中也造成了日常生活异化等问题。该文阐释了日常生活实践视野下旅游型传统村落的有机更新逻辑,并通过参与观察和半结构式访谈对板梁村公共空间进行实证分析,提出了系列有机更新策略,以期为旅游型传统村落的更新提供启示。

主导型共治:妇联组织带动下的女干部治村路径

妇联组织在女干部的培育和成长中处于重要地位,但其带动下的女干部治村的具体路径以及其他主体所发挥的作用有待深入分析。因此,在案例研究的总体研究范式和“女性代表性理论”的具体指导下,新的典型案例更详尽地呈现了妇联带动下的女干部治村路径:女干部由基层妇联组织的“专项代理人”成长为基层党委政府的“综合型代理人”之后,发挥两种身份的特质,将群众生活需要同上级发展目标融合,争取党委政府的项目支持;从日常生活展开治理,发挥党员的先锋模范作用,带动村民构建价值观一致的精神共同体,以此作为获得党委政府重点关注的资本;合理运用人情和感情,通过情感协调引入外部资源,最终形成党委政府主导、多元主体共治的“主导型共治”模式。这一模式可为基层治理实践提供更完善、更可复制推广的治理经验。

基于有机更新的旅游型传统村落空间功能活化研究——以皇都村为例

传统村落旅游正在兴起,但大多数旅游型传统村落面临着功能落后与缺失问题。文章以湖南省通道侗族自治县皇都村为研究对象,借鉴有机更新理论,从民居空间、公共文化空间、经济空间与生态空间选取村落民居建筑、文化结构秩序、旅游经济业态、村落生态环境作为功能更新对象,构建“空间分类-功能分析-有机更新-空间活化”的功能有机更新路径。研究表明,旅游开发背景下皇都村空间功能存在民居保护与利用矛盾、文化原真与创新矛盾、产品供给与需求矛盾、生态维持与建设矛盾。基于有机更新原则,按照整体性、动态性、主体性制定功能有机更新策略:针对民居功能,因类施策,依据房屋类型与房屋年代进行分类更新;针对文化功能,从文化传承内容、传承技术机制、传承内外主体全面激活文化结构秩序;针对经济功能,提出以文促旅方针,实现旅游经济产业化,完成经济业态升级;针对生态功能,提出在维持生态格局完整的基础上,促进生态效益提升,加强主体保护意识,构建和谐的人地关系。

留学生有机化学教学改革创新探究

有机化学课程是临床医学类专业来华留学生必修课程之一。文章从课程教学改革的角度,提出重构课程教学目标、创新设计教学内容、构建特色性教学体系、调整教学方法、推行多元化考核方式,构建了“一依托、二结合、三阶段”的教学方法体系,通过线上线下有机融合和循序渐进式混合式教学方法,形成以学生为中心的教学理念。通过师生互动的增强、教学时间和空间的拓展以及形成性评价的实施,不仅培养学生的分析、评价、创新和高阶思维能力,进而提高了教学质量。

联邦服务:基于分布式数据共治的智能服务范式

随着数字化转型的加速,数据已成为驱动科技创新与经济增长的核心要素。然而,广泛存在的数据孤岛现象严重阻碍了跨领域、跨组织间的数据流通与合作,使得数据供应难以满足多样化的用户需求,数据的供需匹配面临严峻挑战。作为联邦生态的核心环节和对外赋能的重要窗口,联邦服务基于分布式数据共治原则,促进了跨领域、跨组织的数据流通与协同,为智能的供需匹配提供了一种有效的技术框架。首先,探讨联邦服务在联邦生态中的重要地位以及与联邦生态各环节的关系。其次,提出联邦服务的5层基本框架,并探讨其核心优势。在此基础上,提出联邦服务的关键支撑技术,主要包括区块链和去中心化自治组织与运营、大语言模型和场景工程、分布式计算和边缘计算、加密技术和隐私计算。最后,以数据与场景的供需匹配为应用案例,介绍联邦服务如何实现智能的供需匹配。提出的联邦服务理论与技术对于构建基于分布式数据共治的智能服务范式具有重要意义。