Researching the Impact of the Quality of Village Governance on Farmers’Well-Being:From the Perspectives of Income and Occupational Differentiation

The goal of village governance is to improve the well-being of farmers,so this study aims to measure the impact the quality of village governance on the well-being of farmers.It also examines the heterogeneity of this impact across different farmer groups from the perspectives of income levels and occupational differentiation.To this end,this study developed an indicator system based on survey data collected from 1,442 farmers in the Sichuan,Shaanxi,and Gansu provinces,as well as the Ningxia Hui autonomous region.Multiple linear regression models were then used to analyze this data,and the findings revealed that improvements in the quality of village governance significantly increased the well-being of farmers.Specifically,primary-level empowerment and capacity building were shown to contribute the most to the enhancement of the farmers’well-being,followed by social inclusion,and social cohesion was found to have only a minimal effect.In terms of income levels,improving the quality of village governance benefited middle-income farmers the most,followed by low-income farmers,and it had the least effect on high-income farmers.In terms of occupations,full-time farmers gained the most from improvements in the quality of village governance,followed by off-farm farmers,with part-time farmers benefiting the least.Based on these findings,this study suggests that policymakers should improve the quality of village governance to enhance the well-being of farmers,focusing on the impact that level of income and occupational differentiation have on village governance.

Villagers' Self-governance:Predicaments and Counter Measurements

With the reform and opening up of the rural economy and society,the villagers'self-governance has been in a dilemma in the process.The difficulties are mainly in the insufficient functions of the village committee,the lack of financial resources and inadequate human resources.On the analysis of the situations,the paper gives some practical solutions for the villagers'self-governance to get out of the dilemma by strengthening the construction of rural communities,cultivating diversified village self-government organizations,broadening the village's financial sources and developing rural human resources to promote the formation of the rural civil society.

Rural Development Transformation and Social Governance from the Perspective of Specialization:A Case Study of Ruiling Village in Guangzhou City,China

The reorganization of the global production network and the increased mobility of urban-rural elements have accelerated the differentiation of rural spaces,resulting in a trend towards specialization in rural areas.This paper focuses on the concept of specialization,and takes a renowned bonsai specialized village in Guangzhou City,China as a typical case to explore its transformation and development process,action logic and coupling mechanism with the social governance.The results show that:1)the development of rural specialization in Ruiling Village is shaped by several key actors,such as local governments,grassroots organizations,villagers,social organizations,policies,markets and infrastructure.The transfer of these key actors and the reconstruction of actor-networks in different stages have an important influence on the transformation and realization of rural development goals.2)Through subjects-driven,organization management and resource connection,social governance supports the specialization of rural industrial organization,operation,technology and mode.The governance structure shifts from decentralization to networking,refinement and integration.A coupling community of social governance and specialization is created by the social governance system of‘local government-grassroots organizationseconomic cooperatives-villagers’,which links industries,industrial chains and cooperatives.3)Social governance integrates into the value chain extension process of rural specialized development with a central,multi-level organizational structure.It promotes the construction of the whole value chain through organizational planning,resource integration and image shaping,thus realizing the value,branding and organization of the industry,as well as the integration of rural sustainable development and governance mechanism.Social governance has a profound impact on the development of rural specialization in terms of subject,structure and mode,and participates in the construction of the whole value chain of rural areas.This paper provides a new perspective for understanding the coupling effect of social governance in the rural development transformation,and promotes the rural sustainable development and governance.

Analysis of New Model of "Rule by Three Committees" and Discussion on Construction of Villagers' Self-governing Organizations in China

This paper introduces the operation model of "rule by three committees", including the members of "three committees", functional constitution of "three committees", and relationship between restriction and coordination of "three committees". By referring to the villagers' self-governing system in China, and the relevant provisions in Constitution and Village Committee Organization Law, we take into account the legitimacy of "rule by three committees". In terms of the details of system design, we perfect the new model of "rule by three committees" as follows: make the conditions of holding office stringent and ensure the quality requirements of members of "three committees"; standardize the procedures of election, and guarantee the equitable election of members of "three committees"; perfect dismissal procedure, and strengthen the supervision on members of "three committees".

Restoration and Regeneration of Traditional Villages' Culture under Rural Governance:A Case Study of Zhentou Village in Ji'an County

As the building of a socialist countryside in China is at a critical stage,village rules and regulations,as an important means of rural governance,is also in the orderly construction and operation. However,there still exist obvious shortcomings in the contemporary rural governance,which hinders the active inheritance of the traditional villages' culture. Through the in-depth analysis of the relevant theories of rural governance and the historical culture of Ancient Zhentou Village,this study is expected to exploit the concept of the ancient village's culture in the heart of its dwellers so as to help them to better collect their existing cultural heritage.

Transition and Contemporary Construction of Filial Culture―From the Village Governance Perspective

Order is foundation of system,and behind system is culture.This article takes filial piety as a researching point which played an important role once in Chinese history.By in-depth analysis of the survival soil of traditional culture and its modern transformation and adjustment,the article explored the real order of the countryside in the social transition stage.Based on this analysis,the article tries to construct a social governance mode which taking“filial piety culture”as the axis.

The Creation of a Tourism Village Governance Model: Study in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta

This study discusses the creation of a tourism village governance model by conducting a study in Sleman Regency,Special Region of Yogyakarta.The main problem of the study is:How governance models are in accordance with the cultural,community,and geographical characteristics of rural tourism village in Sleman Regency?The purpose of this research:to create a model of tourism governance in a fair,transparent,and accountable manner while continuing to pay attention to sustainability in a professional manner and to be able to preserve local culture by adapting to the development of contemporary tourism.The research method is using a qualitative approach.The result of the study explains that the tourism village in Sleman Regency is divided into two schemes,namely bottom up from the community and top down from the initiation of the government(cq.Department of Tourism).A healthy tourism village governance model involves stakeholders and shareholders equally.Then,it is necessary to determine the Board of Director(BOD)and agents from the shareholders and stakeholders.Then Board Police Manual(BPM)is made,so that there is no hidden information and hidden action between BOD and agent.In conclusion:(1)The tourism village governance model created is expected to be able to bring justice to the shareholders and stakeholders fairly,because it is carried out based on BPM and GCG guidelines so that it still pays attention to sustainability in a professional manner.(2)The creation of the tourism village governance model is able to preserve local culture by adapting the current tourism development,as in the governance structure illustrated in Figure 1.

The Transformation and Governance of Urban Villages with Historic Culture:A Case Study of Xiaxifang,Yongfeng County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province

The transformation and governance of urban villages with historic culture is faced with difficulties such as lack of attention and large-scale demolition and construction,which is not conducive to the continuation of urban characteristic culture.Taking Xiaxifang,Yongfeng County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province for example,this study explored the transformation and governance of urban villages with historic culture from the perspectives of spatial structure,urban function,infrastructure,ecological environment,and community governance,so as to provide a reference for the research and practice of urban villages with historic culture.

Village Governance by Economic Capable Persons： A New Pattern of Rural Politics in China

Since the 1980s, a whole class of economic capable persons has emerged along with China＇s rural economic development. This class actively participates in grassroots politics and even leads local village governance, creating a unique, novel pattern of village governance in China. This pattern has far-reaching implications for the use of power in China＇s villages and for the management of grassroots communities. First, it represents democracy-based authoritarian politics （democracy-authority politics） and a transition away from traditional rural village ＂squireship＂ governance. Second, governance by economic capable persons surpasses the unitary, centralized People＇s Commune governance, replacing it with a pluralistic model that utilizes grass-roots community management. Third, the self-governing pattern that is emerging, wherein the general public participates in a government that is dominated by an economic capable persons, demonstrates a modification of ideal villager self-governance and also a pragmatic invention based on local political realities. In the long run, this new class emergence has the potential to evolve into a new type of localized politics; with further economic differentiation in rural areas, village governance will become increasingly diversified, where governing by capable persons will be just one feasible option. This pattern is already becoming common in many rural areas, especially those where the nonagricultural economy is relatively developed

Research on Management Mode of Small-scale Irrigation Works for Farmland Based on Self-governance

The paper analyzes the practical use of management mode of small-scale farmland irrigation works in China,and studies various problems existing in the present management mode.It puts forward a mode named Water-consumer Association which is the most practical one at present.It points out some rules which must be mastered in solving problems appearing in using this mode.

Corruption of Village Cadres and Construction of Clean Government in Rural Land Management in China

This paper analyzed the types and causes of corruption of village cadres in rural land management in China. On the basis of current corruption situation,it came up with recommendations including improving the financial system at the village level,establishing land information network,and reforming functions of village committees in the land management,in order to prevent corruption of village cadres in the land management and establish and improve the clean government mechanism for village cadres.

Research on Characteristics of Main Body and Role of Farmers and Government in Socialist New Village Construction

This paper expounds the connotation of main body of new socialist village construction,and the duplex main body characteristics of farmers and government.It points out that the main body of society should be the state holding public power,and the main body of nature or practice is the farmer who participates in production and living activities in rural areas and supports the existence of rural society.It also expounds the dominant position of duplex main body in new village construction,wherein the government is the main body which administers public power in the field of public power in new village construction,while the farmer is the main body who administers private rights in the field of non-public rights in new village construction.It generalizes and unravels the role of duplex main body of farmers and government in new village construction,and analyzes the relationship of role of duplex main body between government and farmers as follows:the government dominates over rural development,and the government,as main body,plays dominant role in the field of rural public power and construction of social environment,while the farmers are main participators and constructors,who play significant role;in construction of rural non-public power field,the farmers play the role of main body,and the government plays the role of guidance and service.In new village construction,the government and farmers play the role abreast,which is an important prerequisite and guarantee of constructing new village.In the process of government's fulfilling responsibility in new village construction,the outdated administrative concept exists,and in the process of administering and promoting new village construction,the farmers' quality is yet to be promoted.As for these problems,three countermeasures are put forward as follows:transform concept;transform style of work and transform and exert advantage of organization.

“枫桥经验”预防性法律制度建设的实践及其成效

宪法、法律在基层社会的实施,高质量的社会规范不可或缺。从多维视角、立足社会治理的“枫桥经验”预防性法律制度建设,既体现问题导向,又服务基层社会治理,追求良法善治的目标,取得了显著成效。“枫桥经验”预防性法律制度主要包括实行综合治理、追求公正效果、健全制度体系、就地化解纠纷,采取预防措施、坚持效果导向、建立预防机制、彰显预防效果,推动制度进步和完善。依法限缩公权力边界,实现基层社会治理方式规范化、治理手段柔性化、治理机制长效化,彰显了基层群众自治制度的优势。

村治的“私”化:激发村民主体性的基础逻辑——基于水城区积分制实践的社会学阐释

当前乡村社会面临内生性治理力量式微的治理困境,主要表现为内生治理主体缺位、村民主体性缺失,由此阻碍治理有效乃至乡村振兴目标的推进。水城区的“诚信积分制”从村民主体视角出发,以清晰化逻辑将村级“公务”具象化为个体层面的“私务”,基于村民“私”的行动逻辑与家本位观念,人为构造出个人行为与自身、家庭成员及全村利益关联的行为责任连带机制,由此驱动村民的公共参与行为。同时,在物质利益和面子心理的关联下,村民的行动单位逐渐由家户之“小私”朝着乡村社会之“大私”演进,制度建构的连带公共治理义务被内化为村民的自发参与行为,现代村落共同体日渐生成,村庄有效治理目标逐步达成。

空间重构:数字赋能乡村治理的实践逻辑与优化路径——基于浙江省德清县W村的案例分析

数字赋能已成为我国推进乡村振兴战略和提升乡村治理效能的重要支撑。数字技术向乡村持续渗透与覆盖,使乡村地域系统的实践、社会和文化空间均发生了不同程度的转变。以浙江W村的数字乡村治理实践为案例,探究乡村空间重构的内在逻辑,阐释微观实践空间形态与村民治理行动的相互影响。数字乡村空间重构的逻辑包括实践空间的理性建构、社会空间的关系重组和文化空间的价值重塑。空间重构对于推动数字乡村建设行动具有积极作用,但实践中也存在实践空间设计的弹性缺失、社会空间的活力受限和文化空间的体验落寞等问题。因此,数字乡村治理需要因地制宜,结合地方发展实际,激活乡村空间中的内生动力,促进乡村地域空间的“活化”;确立乡村空间中的地方秩序,推动制度规则的“再造”;唤醒乡村空间中的历史记忆,推进文化资源的“重生”。

乡村是如何争取政策资源的——一个“发展型村庄”的解释框架

政策下乡是推动中国乡村发展的重要支撑力量。在这一背景下,处于相同宏观制度环境的村庄,虽然具有相似的自然地理条件、资源禀赋特征,但在资源争取的结果和效率上却相去甚远,有的村庄甚至实现了从“缺资源”到资源“多”且“优”的转变。因此,观察村干部究竟是如何有效争取更多政策资源的,具有特殊意义。以河南省兰考县Z村为个案,尝试挖掘村庄争取政策资源的经验事实背后的“隐秘”维度,提炼出“发展型村庄”的解释框架,即以村治为主、以政绩为辅,确保争取政策资源优势的可持续性。这是一种脱胎于国家干预主义、有助于激发村庄内生动能的制度性实践,对全面推进乡村振兴具有重要意义。

全过程人民民主与自我革命:超大型政党治理的双重路径

中国共产党是超大规模政党,大党有大的优势,也有自身独有难题。中国共产党在其一百多年的进程中不断探索自身治理的有效路径,形成了“人民监督、人人负责”的第一个答案和“自我革命”的第二个答案。进入新时代,全过程人民民主就是人民监督的最新形态,党的自我革命进一步丰富完善,由此形成了“内外兼修”的双重路径,开创了超大型政党治理的新形态、新成效。全过程人民民主是第一个答案在新时代的新发展,是超大型政党治理的外部路径。自我革命是中国共产党基于自身使命任务的行动自觉,是刀刃向内,是内部路径。全过程人民民主与党的自我革命具有目标指向的一致性,旨在解决跳出历史周期率的问题。“两个答案”内在统一,都源自党的初心使命,贯穿党的奋斗历史,统一于新时代全面从严治党伟大实践。全过程人民民主与自我革命体现了中国共产党与世界上其他类型政党的本质区别,从政党发展、政党现代化的角度看,是一种与时代同向而行的政党治理创新。

乡村治理共同体视角下农民集体决议法治化的双重样态与实现路径

基层政府、人民法院、乡村自治主体形塑了乡村治理共同体。乡村治理共同体内部理应呈现出的行政行为介入规范自治、司法权力嵌入保障私权、自治主体纠偏回归法治等预设样态,是农民集体决议法治化的应然图景。然而,行政行为偏差、司法裁判冲突、自治秩序混乱等治理乱象表明,治理共同体内部存在的行政机关权责失衡、司法机关审理规则不明、自治主体落实约束制度缺位,已然成为农民集体决议法治化面临的现实困境。立足于村民自治与国家法治的融合发展,以细化权责清单、统一司法规则、完善制度保障为依托,厘清行政机关介入农民集体决议事项的权力限度与责任范围、明确司法机关处理农民集体决议纠纷的案由类型与撤销权客体、强化自治主体重作农民集体决议的内部约束与司法约束,是农民集体决议法治化的重要路径。

论自选教材的治理逻辑与实践进路

自选教材作为教科书的重要补充,是未经审定但仍被教师选用和学生使用的能够助力学生发展的教与学的材料。将自选教材纳入监管和治理的范畴是全面加强教材管理的制度自觉。为了提高自选教材的治理效能,需要遵循“为什么治理—谁来治理—治理什么—怎么治理”的基本逻辑。在治理目标上,要实现以“和谐善治”为理想模式的自选教材治理现代化;在治理主体上,要体现政府统筹下的多元主体协同治理;在治理对象上,要指涉与自选教材相关的一切事项;在治理方式上,要以技术治理赋能自选教材治理创新。在新时代背景下,可通过建立统一规范的审查制度、建立严格的准入机制、健全意识形态引领机制、构建腐败风险预警机制、建立选用质量的信息反馈制度、规范和引导资本的健康发展等路径加强自选教材治理,以期为教材现代化发展营造一个良好的生态环境。

乡村治理法治体系构建问题研究

乡村治理是国家治理的基石和乡村振兴的基础。提升乡村治理和乡村建设质量,扎实有序做好乡村治理和乡村建设工作,需要重构乡村振兴中的社区治理共同体,优化社区自组织社会风险防范机制,构建新型乡村社区“三社联动”机制,构建多层次新型村庄治理共同体格局。乡村治理法治体系构建的关键在于:发挥村规民约在乡村治理中的作用,效法“枫桥经验”把矛盾纠纷化解在基层,把地方性治理规范融入全过程人民民主,给乡镇政府公共服务能力的提升增权赋能。构建乡村治理法治体系的主要路径是:发挥基层党组织在乡村治理中的引领作用,凸显基层协商民主在乡村治理中的民主意识,强化家庭家教家风在乡村治理中的修复功能,重视新乡贤在乡村振兴中的重要作用。