Villagers' Self-governance:Predicaments and Counter Measurements

With the reform and opening up of the rural economy and society,the villagers'self-governance has been in a dilemma in the process.The difficulties are mainly in the insufficient functions of the village committee,the lack of financial resources and inadequate human resources.On the analysis of the situations,the paper gives some practical solutions for the villagers'self-governance to get out of the dilemma by strengthening the construction of rural communities,cultivating diversified village self-government organizations,broadening the village's financial sources and developing rural human resources to promote the formation of the rural civil society.

Researching the Impact of the Quality of Village Governance on Farmers’Well-Being:From the Perspectives of Income and Occupational Differentiation

The goal of village governance is to improve the well-being of farmers,so this study aims to measure the impact the quality of village governance on the well-being of farmers.It also examines the heterogeneity of this impact across different farmer groups from the perspectives of income levels and occupational differentiation.To this end,this study developed an indicator system based on survey data collected from 1,442 farmers in the Sichuan,Shaanxi,and Gansu provinces,as well as the Ningxia Hui autonomous region.Multiple linear regression models were then used to analyze this data,and the findings revealed that improvements in the quality of village governance significantly increased the well-being of farmers.Specifically,primary-level empowerment and capacity building were shown to contribute the most to the enhancement of the farmers’well-being,followed by social inclusion,and social cohesion was found to have only a minimal effect.In terms of income levels,improving the quality of village governance benefited middle-income farmers the most,followed by low-income farmers,and it had the least effect on high-income farmers.In terms of occupations,full-time farmers gained the most from improvements in the quality of village governance,followed by off-farm farmers,with part-time farmers benefiting the least.Based on these findings,this study suggests that policymakers should improve the quality of village governance to enhance the well-being of farmers,focusing on the impact that level of income and occupational differentiation have on village governance.

Analysis of New Model of "Rule by Three Committees" and Discussion on Construction of Villagers' Self-governing Organizations in China

This paper introduces the operation model of "rule by three committees", including the members of "three committees", functional constitution of "three committees", and relationship between restriction and coordination of "three committees". By referring to the villagers' self-governing system in China, and the relevant provisions in Constitution and Village Committee Organization Law, we take into account the legitimacy of "rule by three committees". In terms of the details of system design, we perfect the new model of "rule by three committees" as follows: make the conditions of holding office stringent and ensure the quality requirements of members of "three committees"; standardize the procedures of election, and guarantee the equitable election of members of "three committees"; perfect dismissal procedure, and strengthen the supervision on members of "three committees".

Rural Development Transformation and Social Governance from the Perspective of Specialization:A Case Study of Ruiling Village in Guangzhou City,China

The reorganization of the global production network and the increased mobility of urban-rural elements have accelerated the differentiation of rural spaces,resulting in a trend towards specialization in rural areas.This paper focuses on the concept of specialization,and takes a renowned bonsai specialized village in Guangzhou City,China as a typical case to explore its transformation and development process,action logic and coupling mechanism with the social governance.The results show that:1)the development of rural specialization in Ruiling Village is shaped by several key actors,such as local governments,grassroots organizations,villagers,social organizations,policies,markets and infrastructure.The transfer of these key actors and the reconstruction of actor-networks in different stages have an important influence on the transformation and realization of rural development goals.2)Through subjects-driven,organization management and resource connection,social governance supports the specialization of rural industrial organization,operation,technology and mode.The governance structure shifts from decentralization to networking,refinement and integration.A coupling community of social governance and specialization is created by the social governance system of‘local government-grassroots organizationseconomic cooperatives-villagers’,which links industries,industrial chains and cooperatives.3)Social governance integrates into the value chain extension process of rural specialized development with a central,multi-level organizational structure.It promotes the construction of the whole value chain through organizational planning,resource integration and image shaping,thus realizing the value,branding and organization of the industry,as well as the integration of rural sustainable development and governance mechanism.Social governance has a profound impact on the development of rural specialization in terms of subject,structure and mode,and participates in the construction of the whole value chain of rural areas.This paper provides a new perspective for understanding the coupling effect of social governance in the rural development transformation,and promotes the rural sustainable development and governance.

Restoration and Regeneration of Traditional Villages' Culture under Rural Governance:A Case Study of Zhentou Village in Ji'an County

As the building of a socialist countryside in China is at a critical stage,village rules and regulations,as an important means of rural governance,is also in the orderly construction and operation. However,there still exist obvious shortcomings in the contemporary rural governance,which hinders the active inheritance of the traditional villages' culture. Through the in-depth analysis of the relevant theories of rural governance and the historical culture of Ancient Zhentou Village,this study is expected to exploit the concept of the ancient village's culture in the heart of its dwellers so as to help them to better collect their existing cultural heritage.

Transition and Contemporary Construction of Filial Culture―From the Village Governance Perspective

Order is foundation of system,and behind system is culture.This article takes filial piety as a researching point which played an important role once in Chinese history.By in-depth analysis of the survival soil of traditional culture and its modern transformation and adjustment,the article explored the real order of the countryside in the social transition stage.Based on this analysis,the article tries to construct a social governance mode which taking“filial piety culture”as the axis.

The Creation of a Tourism Village Governance Model: Study in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta

This study discusses the creation of a tourism village governance model by conducting a study in Sleman Regency,Special Region of Yogyakarta.The main problem of the study is:How governance models are in accordance with the cultural,community,and geographical characteristics of rural tourism village in Sleman Regency?The purpose of this research:to create a model of tourism governance in a fair,transparent,and accountable manner while continuing to pay attention to sustainability in a professional manner and to be able to preserve local culture by adapting to the development of contemporary tourism.The research method is using a qualitative approach.The result of the study explains that the tourism village in Sleman Regency is divided into two schemes,namely bottom up from the community and top down from the initiation of the government(cq.Department of Tourism).A healthy tourism village governance model involves stakeholders and shareholders equally.Then,it is necessary to determine the Board of Director(BOD)and agents from the shareholders and stakeholders.Then Board Police Manual(BPM)is made,so that there is no hidden information and hidden action between BOD and agent.In conclusion:(1)The tourism village governance model created is expected to be able to bring justice to the shareholders and stakeholders fairly,because it is carried out based on BPM and GCG guidelines so that it still pays attention to sustainability in a professional manner.(2)The creation of the tourism village governance model is able to preserve local culture by adapting the current tourism development,as in the governance structure illustrated in Figure 1.

The Transformation and Governance of Urban Villages with Historic Culture:A Case Study of Xiaxifang,Yongfeng County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province

The transformation and governance of urban villages with historic culture is faced with difficulties such as lack of attention and large-scale demolition and construction,which is not conducive to the continuation of urban characteristic culture.Taking Xiaxifang,Yongfeng County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province for example,this study explored the transformation and governance of urban villages with historic culture from the perspectives of spatial structure,urban function,infrastructure,ecological environment,and community governance,so as to provide a reference for the research and practice of urban villages with historic culture.

Village Governance by Economic Capable Persons： A New Pattern of Rural Politics in China

Since the 1980s, a whole class of economic capable persons has emerged along with China＇s rural economic development. This class actively participates in grassroots politics and even leads local village governance, creating a unique, novel pattern of village governance in China. This pattern has far-reaching implications for the use of power in China＇s villages and for the management of grassroots communities. First, it represents democracy-based authoritarian politics （democracy-authority politics） and a transition away from traditional rural village ＂squireship＂ governance. Second, governance by economic capable persons surpasses the unitary, centralized People＇s Commune governance, replacing it with a pluralistic model that utilizes grass-roots community management. Third, the self-governing pattern that is emerging, wherein the general public participates in a government that is dominated by an economic capable persons, demonstrates a modification of ideal villager self-governance and also a pragmatic invention based on local political realities. In the long run, this new class emergence has the potential to evolve into a new type of localized politics; with further economic differentiation in rural areas, village governance will become increasingly diversified, where governing by capable persons will be just one feasible option. This pattern is already becoming common in many rural areas, especially those where the nonagricultural economy is relatively developed

Corruption of Village Cadres and Construction of Clean Government in Rural Land Management in China

This paper analyzed the types and causes of corruption of village cadres in rural land management in China. On the basis of current corruption situation,it came up with recommendations including improving the financial system at the village level,establishing land information network,and reforming functions of village committees in the land management,in order to prevent corruption of village cadres in the land management and establish and improve the clean government mechanism for village cadres.

Research on Characteristics of Main Body and Role of Farmers and Government in Socialist New Village Construction

This paper expounds the connotation of main body of new socialist village construction,and the duplex main body characteristics of farmers and government.It points out that the main body of society should be the state holding public power,and the main body of nature or practice is the farmer who participates in production and living activities in rural areas and supports the existence of rural society.It also expounds the dominant position of duplex main body in new village construction,wherein the government is the main body which administers public power in the field of public power in new village construction,while the farmer is the main body who administers private rights in the field of non-public rights in new village construction.It generalizes and unravels the role of duplex main body of farmers and government in new village construction,and analyzes the relationship of role of duplex main body between government and farmers as follows:the government dominates over rural development,and the government,as main body,plays dominant role in the field of rural public power and construction of social environment,while the farmers are main participators and constructors,who play significant role;in construction of rural non-public power field,the farmers play the role of main body,and the government plays the role of guidance and service.In new village construction,the government and farmers play the role abreast,which is an important prerequisite and guarantee of constructing new village.In the process of government's fulfilling responsibility in new village construction,the outdated administrative concept exists,and in the process of administering and promoting new village construction,the farmers' quality is yet to be promoted.As for these problems,three countermeasures are put forward as follows:transform concept;transform style of work and transform and exert advantage of organization.

以情促治:非正式治理资源促进乡村治理的逻辑建构——基于不同村庄村干部的多案例分析

与正式治理不同的是依靠情感因素的渗透,通过对村干部乡土情感的运作实现治理有效成为乡村治理中的一种隐性逻辑。对F区村干部乡村治理的实践进行考察,描绘了在乡村场域内情感因素嵌入到乡村治理的整个过程,阐释了情感作为一种非正式治理资源促进乡村治理有效的内在逻辑。研究发现,情感嵌入乡村治理可分为“热爱农业型”“岗位奉献型”“公益回报型”“价值实现型”四种类型,情感嵌入从价值、社会、效益、制度四个维度提升了乡村治理的效能。在价值层面,通过对个体情感进行价值赋予与功能放大,提升了治理效率;在社会层面,通过对熟人社会的人情与面子规则的运作,激发了治理动力;在效益层面,将乡村治理任务置于情感互动的社会场景中,有效破解了基层治理的高成本困境,缓解了治理压力;在制度层面,情感因素对正式制度进行了补充与完善,形成了治理合力。情感因素通过非正式化的运作方式对正式治理形成了有益补充,有助于实现乡村善治。

数字赋能何以实现乡村整体智治——基于浙江省德清县“数字乡村一张图”全景治理平台的分析

数字技术正在重塑中国乡村治理格局,整体智治治理模式成为新时代乡村治理的重要趋势。然而,该模式在地方实践中面临着治理理念、主体、技术和机制碎片化的挑战。为此,浙江省德清县率先推出“数字乡村一张图”全景治理平台,通过数字赋能实现治理理念整体化、治理主体协同化、治理工具智慧化及治理机制集成化。德清县的经验表明,数字赋能的整体智治能够有效解决乡村治理难题,实现治理理念从碎片思维到整体思维、治理主体从政府主导到多元共治、决策方式从经验决策到数据驱动、运行机制从无序脱节到高效有序的转变,为乡村治理提供了一条新的治理路径,提升乡村治理效能。

老乡管老乡、老乡帮老乡——以深圳城中村流动党支部为例的城市流动人口治理研究

在新时代高质量推进以人为本的新型城镇化,是实现中国式现代化的重要内容。解决好农民工(乡城流动人口)的市民化、城市化和现代化,既能通过经济增长、改善民生等促进高质量发展,也为推进中国式现代化注入强劲内生动力。选取深圳市城中村流动党支部的典型实践案例,探索“熟人管理熟人”治理模式的具体实现形式及其可持续性问题。分析表明:该模式在“一核多元”协同治理架构中,在党建引领下,通过“组织动员-组织嵌入”机制吸纳整合同乡流动人口党员资源,组织能人带动组建流动党支部,实现了“老乡管老乡”;基于流动党支部,以组织嵌入与服务嵌入形式实现了“老乡帮老乡”。这为转型期快速城市化过程中实现大规模农民工(乡城流动人口)精细化治理提供了一种可能的实践路径。针对城中村流动党支部的发展历程和当前面临问题,分析其原因并提出了可持续性治理的对策建议。

乡村内部合作视角下农村高效灌溉的实现路径

基于云南省328份农户调研数据,运用倾向得分匹配法和结构方程模型,实证分析农田水利乡村内部合作治理对农户灌溉用水效率的影响机制。结果表明:乡村内部合作治理模式能够显著提升农户灌溉用水效率;路径分析结果显示,乡村内部合作治理能够形成灌溉事务的村社理性并发挥乡村能人的示范效应,从而提高农户用水效率;相较自主治理,乡村内部合作治理能够增强设施维护的集体行动能力,而相较市场化治理,乡村内部合作治理仅具有较低的灌溉水量优势。据此,建议明确村社组织的监管责任,发挥乡村能人的示范作用,提高灌溉农户的参与程度,实现农村高效灌溉和村级公共事务的有效治理。

数字公共性:数字乡村治理共同体的建构逻辑与优化路径

数字乡村建设以数字技术嵌入乡村社会,改变乡村社会的结构特征与治理模式,重构乡村治理共同体,形成具有数字公共性特征的数字乡村治理共同体。数字乡村治理共同体以数字主体、数字空间和数字场景的建构逻辑,培育数字参与理念、构建数字联结纽带、搭建数字交往平台,实现数字公共性生产。数字乡村治理共同体通过治理主体的行动共建、治理方式的技术共治、治理资源的利益共享,推动乡村治理的数字赋权、数字赋能、数字赋利,有助于构建人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的数字乡村治理共同体。

乡村振兴背景下少数民族聚居村庄法律顾问制度运行研析——以福建省福安市穆云畲族乡为例

“一村一法律顾问”制度是畅通我国公共法律服务的“最后一公里”,少数民族聚居村庄践行法律顾问制度有助于保障乡村振兴和发展。对福建省福安市穆云畲族乡法律顾问制度的运行情况进行深入调查,结合其他民族地区法律顾问制度的实施情况,总结少数民族聚居村庄法律顾问制度运行中存在的不足:制度设计偏离实际需求,法治规范与民族习惯存在隔阂,村委会与法律顾问配合度较差,律师服务市场性与法律顾问公益性存在冲突。建议通过优化制度设计,提高服务质量;注重培养“乡土法杰”;融合普法工作与民族文化;结合特色产业构建多元供给机制,提升一村一法律顾问制度的运行实效。

技治型青年村干部的现实表征、生成机理与治理效应——基于粤西茂村的案例考察

村干部是推动农业农村发展、基层治理体系与治理能力现代化的关键责任主体。基于粤西茂村等地实证研究发现,技治型青年村干部正逐步取代传统乡土干部成为新的村治主体。与传统乡土干部相比,技治型青年村干部身份特征表征为年轻化、知识化与职业化,治理内容表征为执行行政任务,治理工具表征为规范化、技术化与去价值化,权力基础表征为技术赋能与行政授权。村干部队伍工作的内容切换、方式转换,干部管理的制度变迁,共同导致了技治型青年村干部的生成。技治型青年村干部有利于完成密集性治理任务,提升科层化治理能力,但在实践中也面临治理过程悬浮化与激发内生发展动力、治理机制去人格化与治理有效性、村干部队伍体系稳定性与效率等张力难题。在实践中,要注意处理好技治型青年村干部与乡土干部的关系问题,稳步推进基层治理体系与治理能力现代化。

基层治理现代化背景下农业型村庄村干部职业化“制度空转”现象探析

基层治理体系现代化和基层治理能力现代化是基层治理现代化的一体两面,基层治理体系现代化是基层治理能力现代化的基础,体系完备、治理有效是基层治理体系现代化的重要内涵。村干部职业化制度是地方政府推动基层治理体系现代化的重要创新实践。实践过程中发现,统一的村干部职业化制度在工业欠发达的农业型村庄出现了“制度空转”。这表现在四个方面:工资制与软考核制、应付式的坐班制与考勤制、狭窄的职业晋升空间和乡镇有限度地引导村庄选举。这带来村干部消极治理与村级治理效能低下等意外治理后果。研究表明,制度运行是个系统,村干部职业化制度主体存在合法性、科学性有余而有效性不足的问题,并连带引发了制度执行及监控变形,制度运行环境不稳定,最终导致“制度空转”现象生成。这启示我们需从整体优化制度运行回应制度运行的有效性问题,注重村干部职业化制度运行的村庄经济社会基础,因时因地制宜推动村干部职业化制度。增强村庄治权,有效杜绝农村基层制度执行中的形式主义,实现基层治理现代化。

族群·屯峒·记忆——多民族居住村落协商民主实践的三要素

调研发现,广西河池市东兰县东里村自2017年创建“协商议事工作室”,协商民主实践初见成效,但传统村民组织历经多次调整后,乡土共同体意识的流散,壮、汉、瑶分族聚居后的空间固化,村落“治权”系统中党员数量偏低,村民个体政治参与差异化等问题,仍是多民族居住村落政治民主化的结构性障碍。因此,亟须深入开展党建工作,重塑族群及现代个体的主体性,增强村民的政治意识和组织归属感;实施有效的空间治理,重建民族互嵌型居住空间关系和跨屯峒民族融合组织,促进不同民族之间的互动和融合;调整红色文化再生产策略,整合多民族各自保留的革命记忆,增强文化认同,推动文化的多元共生。这些问题及举措共同彰显出我国村落协商民主良性实践的一般进程——主体(参与建构村落共同体的不同族群具有独特的传统、语言和社会组织)、空间(村落中多民族处于共同的物理空间和社会结构为民主实践创造独特的环境)、文化(族群共享和独有的历史记忆在塑造身份、治理社区等方面发挥重要作用)的三维共振。