Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｄｙｓｐｅｐｓｉａｏｆｕｌｃｅｒｄｙｓｍｏｔｉｌｉｔｙｔｙｐｅ：ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅａｎｄｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙＷＡＮＧＸｉａｏＺｈｏｎｇａｎｄＬＩＮＧｕＺｈｅｎＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａａｄｉｎｇｓ...

Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

ＨｉｇｈｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｆｏｃｕｓｅｄｕｌｔｒａｓｏｕｎｄｅｘｔｒａｃｏｒｐｏｒｅａｌａｂｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｖｅｒｔｉｓｓｕｅｓｉｎｒａｂｂｉｔｓＣＨＥＮＧＳｈｕＱｕｎ１，ＺＨＯＵＸｉｎＤａ１，ＴＡＮＧＺｈａｏＹｏｕ１，ＹＵＹａｏ１，Ｂ...

The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

诺维苯在晚期NSCLC化疗中的应用价值

目的 :观察诺维苯在晚期 NSCL C化疗中的疗效和毒性反应情况。方法 :收集晚期非小细胞肺癌 46例 ,以诺维苯作为一个主要化疗药物并联合应用既往被证实对 NSCL C有确切疗效的顺铂组方进行化疗 ,NVB2 5 mg/ m2 ～ 30 mg/m2 静脉推注 ,第 1天、第 8天 ;PDD2 5 mg/ m2 ～ 30 mg/ m2 静脉滴注 ,第 3天～第 5天 ,每 2～ 3wk为一个周期 ,2周期后评价疗效 ,随访缓解期和生存期。结果 :本组 46例 NSCL C中 ,总有效率为 39.1% ,其中初治病例为 40 .7% ,复治病例为36 .8% ,初复治病例间无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。中位缓解期为 5个月。中位生存期为 9个月。毒性反应主要是骨髓抑制 ,尤其是对白细胞和血小板的影响较为明显 ,另外静脉炎和周围神经炎的发生率也较高。结论 :诺维苯是治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效较好的抗癌新药 ,患者的中位缓解期和中位生存期相对较长 ,毒性反应能够耐受 ,如辅以 G- CSF防治重度的骨髓抑制 ,有较好的临床应用价值。

胰岛素对人乳腺癌细胞株化疗增效作用的体外研究

目的:探讨用胰岛素提高肿瘤细胞生长代谢水平对化疗药物敏感性的影响。方法:以体外培养的人乳腺癌细胞株(MBA-MD-543)为靶细胞,以胰岛素作为代谢促进剂,运用四氮唑盐、直接细胞计数等方法观察化疗药物诺维本与胰岛素对MBA-MD-543细胞活力及细胞代谢,细胞总数等的影响。结果:胰岛素(0.5～16mU/mL,8～18h)使MBA-MD-543的细胞活力及细胞代谢增加,胰岛素(7.5mU/mL)可以增加诺维本的细胞毒作用。结论:在体外,胰岛素可诱导人乳腺癌细胞株MBA-MD-543增殖,胰岛素对诺维本有一定的化疗增效作用,其用药时机和浓度的选择是实现增效的关键。“提高癌细胞的生长代谢水平,继之给予化疗,可提高化疗药物细胞毒作用”是可行的。

康莱特注射液配合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的比较康莱特注射液加化疗与单独化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效和毒副反应。方法将288例经病理组织学确诊的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者分成2组,每组144例。治疗组:NP方案(诺维本+顺铂)+康莱特注射液200 mL,每天1次,连用20天;对照组:单用NP方案。完成2周期后作疗效评价。结果治疗组有效率44.4%,对照组33.3%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组血液毒副反应和消化道反应低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生活质量评分治疗组高于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗组化疗后较化疗前比较,CD 3比例略有上升,CD 4和CD 4/CD 8明显上升,CD 8明显下降(均P<0.05)。结论康莱特注射液与化疗联合治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌可降低化疗对患者的毒副反应,提高细胞免疫功能,改善患者的生活质量。

长春瑞滨为主的联合方案治疗恶性淋巴瘤临床观察

观察长春瑞滨 (VLB)治疗恶性淋巴瘤的疗效和毒副作用。治疗组 2 7例采用环磷酰胺 (CTX) 80 0mg m2 ,静脉推注 ,d1 、d8;VLB 2 5mg m2 ,静脉推注 ,d1 、d8;表阿霉素 (Epi) 5 0mg m2 ,静脉推注 ,d1 ;泼尼松 (Pred) 40mg m2 ,口服 ,d1 ～d1 4 ,每 2 1d为 1个疗程。对照组以长春酰胺 (VDS)代替VLB ,治疗恶性淋巴瘤 2 9例 ,进行随机对照 ,观察两组的疗效及毒副作用。治疗组的疗效明显优于对照组 ,尤其是对复发性难治性患者以及老年患者 ,疗效更显著。治疗组毒副作用的发生率及严重程度均大于对照组 ,主要是骨髓抑制和静脉炎 ,经适当处理后能缓解。结论 :VLB治疗恶性淋巴瘤疗效显著 。

七叶皂苷钠预防诺维苯所致静脉炎的临床观察

目的探讨七叶皂苷钠预防诺维苯所致静脉炎的临床效果。方法选择我科2005年10月～2007年1月应用诺维苯的化疗患者25例,共化疗98例次,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组13例,采用七叶皂苷钠治疗,对照组12例采用常规治疗,对诺维苯化疗后出现的静脉炎进行对照观察。结果实验组静脉炎发生率为4.0%,对照组静脉炎发生率为18.8%。结论七叶皂苷钠预防诺维苯所致静脉炎效果显著。

HR+/HER2+转移性乳腺癌的MDT诊断策略

本文介绍1例改良根治术后复发转移的乳腺癌病例的多学科诊治过程。患者术后8年复查发现双肺、颈淋巴结转移,经过多学科讨论后患者接受靶向药物联合化疗控制病情,后续联合内分泌治疗维持。随访近2年后再次发现颈淋巴结转移,经多学科讨论后治疗再次获得缓解。19月后复查发现肝转移灶,经多学科讨论,于部分肝切除术成功的基础上行全身化疗,使用创新性联合抑制雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth receptor-2,HER2)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,m TOR)方案,患者获益显著,无进展生存期>27月。该病例的诊治过程说明,分析病例需要把握病情发展中的主要问题,需要多学科交流以避免出现认识上的误区和局限。应当普及多学科讨论以进一步保证治疗方案的合理性和优化。

NVB联合DDP治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌86例疗效观察

为了观察NVB、DDP治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及不良反应,采用NVB、DDP联合治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌86例。方法为NVB25mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1、d8;DDP30mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1～d3。结果全组患者初治58例、复治28例,其中CR3例、PR42例、NC31例和PD10例,总有效率(CR+CR)为52.3%(45/86)。主要不良反应是骨髓抑制,白细胞下降占100.0%,其中Ⅲ、Ⅳ度发生率为65.1%(56/86),注射局部静脉炎发生率46.5%(40/86)。初步研究结果提示,NVB、DDP治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效好,不良反应可以耐受。