Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of ...Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of the plant species in therapy. This study was intended, therefore, to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea by studying its effect against tonic convulsion induced by either PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） in mice. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity and HPLC studies were also carried out on the plant species. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea, phenobarbitone, diazepam or muscimol significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Combined treatment of sub-effective doses of T. violacea and muscimol significantly antagonised tonic convulsion induced by PTZ. T. violacea or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-induced tonic convulsion. T. violacea or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA. The phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant species showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, triterpene steroids, quinones and tannins. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4000 mg/kg. The data in the present study indicate that the leaf methanol extract of T. violacea has anticonvulsant activity which is probably underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms.展开更多
采用基因分型测序(GBS)技术对堇叶紫金牛[Ardisia violacea(T.Suzuki)W.Z.Fang et K.Yao]13个野生居群77份样本进行单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点挖掘,在此基础上,对13个居群77份样本的遗传多样性、系统发育树、亲缘关系等进行分析。结果表明...采用基因分型测序(GBS)技术对堇叶紫金牛[Ardisia violacea(T.Suzuki)W.Z.Fang et K.Yao]13个野生居群77份样本进行单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点挖掘,在此基础上,对13个居群77份样本的遗传多样性、系统发育树、亲缘关系等进行分析。结果表明:共获得有效SNP位点246307个,每份样本检测到SNP位点1154~3789个。13个居群的观测杂合度为0.1569~0.4289,多态信息含量为0.0785~0.3244,核苷酸多样性指数为0.0002~0.0007,Tajima’s D值为0.2247~1.0936,Shannon’s多样性指数为0.2175~0.6649,表明堇叶紫金牛整体遗传多样性水平偏低。系统发育树、主成分分析和遗传结构分析结果显示77份样本可划分为6组。亲缘关系分析结果显示:居群内个体间的亲缘关系整体较近;居群间的亲缘关系与地理距离有一定的相关性。遗传分化和基因流分析结果显示:大部分居群间存在较高的遗传分化,各居群间存在一定程度的基因交流。综上所述,堇叶紫金牛13个居群的整体遗传多样性偏低,但居群间的遗传分化程度较高,这与居群间的地理距离较远、基因交流较少有关。建议优先保护安徽省黄山市祁门县牯牛降、浙江省舟山市定海区蔡家岙和浙江省宁波市象山县屠家园村3个遗传多样性较高的居群,并开展相关繁育工作以维持和扩大居群数量。展开更多
文摘Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of the plant species in therapy. This study was intended, therefore, to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea by studying its effect against tonic convulsion induced by either PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） in mice. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity and HPLC studies were also carried out on the plant species. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea, phenobarbitone, diazepam or muscimol significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Combined treatment of sub-effective doses of T. violacea and muscimol significantly antagonised tonic convulsion induced by PTZ. T. violacea or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-induced tonic convulsion. T. violacea or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA. The phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant species showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, triterpene steroids, quinones and tannins. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4000 mg/kg. The data in the present study indicate that the leaf methanol extract of T. violacea has anticonvulsant activity which is probably underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms.
文摘采用基因分型测序(GBS)技术对堇叶紫金牛[Ardisia violacea(T.Suzuki)W.Z.Fang et K.Yao]13个野生居群77份样本进行单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点挖掘,在此基础上,对13个居群77份样本的遗传多样性、系统发育树、亲缘关系等进行分析。结果表明:共获得有效SNP位点246307个,每份样本检测到SNP位点1154~3789个。13个居群的观测杂合度为0.1569~0.4289,多态信息含量为0.0785~0.3244,核苷酸多样性指数为0.0002~0.0007,Tajima’s D值为0.2247~1.0936,Shannon’s多样性指数为0.2175~0.6649,表明堇叶紫金牛整体遗传多样性水平偏低。系统发育树、主成分分析和遗传结构分析结果显示77份样本可划分为6组。亲缘关系分析结果显示:居群内个体间的亲缘关系整体较近;居群间的亲缘关系与地理距离有一定的相关性。遗传分化和基因流分析结果显示:大部分居群间存在较高的遗传分化,各居群间存在一定程度的基因交流。综上所述,堇叶紫金牛13个居群的整体遗传多样性偏低,但居群间的遗传分化程度较高,这与居群间的地理距离较远、基因交流较少有关。建议优先保护安徽省黄山市祁门县牯牛降、浙江省舟山市定海区蔡家岙和浙江省宁波市象山县屠家园村3个遗传多样性较高的居群,并开展相关繁育工作以维持和扩大居群数量。
