In the present work,transparent and anti-fogging AlPO_(4)-5 films were prepared on glass substrates using a novel developed process.The process entails a simple in-situ sol–gel followed by vapor phase transport.The i...In the present work,transparent and anti-fogging AlPO_(4)-5 films were prepared on glass substrates using a novel developed process.The process entails a simple in-situ sol–gel followed by vapor phase transport.The in-situ sol–gel process was implemented by coating the precursor sols for the synthesis of AlPO4-5 on the glass substrates successively using the spin-coating method.The films and powders scribed from the films were characterized by X-Ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),atomic force microscope(AFM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The unique films were composed of oblique oriented nanoflake AlPO_(4)-5 crystals with the thickness of about 20 nm.The formation of nano-flake crystals can be ascribed to the high concentration of the precursors,resulting in the formation of a supersaturation system.The obtained films showed high antifogging performance due to the superhydrophilicity with a water contact angle of lower than 1.0°.The silicone oil contact angle was also low about 8.2°.In addition,heteroatom-substituted AlPO_(4)-5 films showing different colors can be obtained easily by simply adding transition metal ions in the phosphate acid solution during the preparation that can extend the application of the method for different coating demand.展开更多
A new approach to synthesize liquid crystalline polymer with narrow polydispersity index（PDI） was developed.Photopolymerization of 4-cyanophenyl-4＇-（6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy）benzoate（RM23） in nematic liquid crysta...A new approach to synthesize liquid crystalline polymer with narrow polydispersity index（PDI） was developed.Photopolymerization of 4-cyanophenyl-4＇-（6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy）benzoate（RM23） in nematic liquid crystals with macroscopic orientation was studied.The effects of the monomer concentration on the molecular weight and PDI of the resulting polymers were studied through gel permeation chromatography（GPC） and polarized optical microscopy.The low PDI of 1.19 and 1.22 was obtained in the reverse and normal modes,respectively.The PDI and molecular weight increased with monomer concentration.展开更多
The polarization orientation effect and porosity effect on the piezoelectric properties and related parameters are studied in 2-2-type composites based on domain-engineered relaxor-ferroelectric[011]-poled single crys...The polarization orientation effect and porosity effect on the piezoelectric properties and related parameters are studied in 2-2-type composites based on domain-engineered relaxor-ferroelectric[011]-poled single crystals.The parameters,which are of great interest,are an anisotropy of the piezoelectric coefficients d_(3j)^(*),an anisotropy of the energy-harvesting figures of merit d_(3j)^(*)g_(3j)^(*) and the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient d_(h)^(*).An orientation of the main crystallographic axes in each polydomain single-crystal layer is described by anglesβandγ.Diagrams built for the first time show the(β,γ)regions,where a large anisotropy of d_(3j)^(*)(or d_(3j)^(*)g_(3j)^(*))is achieved,and where inequality d_(h)^(*)>1000 pC/N holds.A large local max d_(h)^(*)=1930 pC/N is achieved in a 2-2-0 PZN-0.065PT-based composite at the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33*=2290 pC/N and figure of merit d*33g*33=1.02.10−9 Pa−1.The aforementioned large parameters are to be of value in piezoelectric sensing,energy harvesting and hydroacoustics.展开更多
Sesquiterpenoids play an import role in the direct or indirect defense of plants.Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthases(FPSs)catalyze the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate,which is a key precursor of farnesol and(E)-β...Sesquiterpenoids play an import role in the direct or indirect defense of plants.Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthases(FPSs)catalyze the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate,which is a key precursor of farnesol and(E)-β-farnesene.In the current study,two FPS genes in Gossypium hirsutum,GhFPS1 and GhFPS2,were heterologously cloned and functionally characterized in a greenhouse setting.The open reading frames for full-length GhFPS1 and GhFPS2 were each 1029 nucleotides,and encoded two proteins of 342 amino acids with molecular weights of 39.4 kDa.The deduced amino acid sequences of GhFPS1–2 showed high identity to FPSs of other plants.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that GhFPS1 and GhFPS2 were highly expressed in G.hirsutum leaves,and were upregulated in methyl jasmonate(MeJA)-,methyl salicylate(MeSA)-and aphid infestation-treated cotton plants.The recombinant proteins of either GhFPS1 or GhFPS2 plus calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase could convert geranyl diphosphate(GPP)or isopentenyl diphosphate(IPP)to one major product,farnesol.Moreover,in electrophysiological response and Y-tube olfactometer assays,farnesol showed obvious attractiveness to female Aphidius gifuensis,which is an important parasitic wasp of aphids.Our findings suggest that two GhFPSs are involved in farnesol biosynthesis and they play a crucial role in indirect defense of cotton against aphid infestation.展开更多
Java programming language is a major . new development which involves object-oriented programming and computer networking. Here, several examples of Java programs are presented. These examples show some major features...Java programming language is a major . new development which involves object-oriented programming and computer networking. Here, several examples of Java programs are presented. These examples show some major features that Java language provides, such as multi-thread, exception handling, network application writing, and the usage of Java applets. This article also shows some ways of setting up a Java language programming environment. All these examples are correct and ready to run.展开更多
We have analyzed the photorefractive（PR） effect of a polymer composite was reported which combines a novel bi-functional poly（N-vinyl）-3-[p-nitrophenylazo]carbazolyl（PVNPAK） and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone（TNF...We have analyzed the photorefractive（PR） effect of a polymer composite was reported which combines a novel bi-functional poly（N-vinyl）-3-[p-nitrophenylazo]carbazolyl（PVNPAK） and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone（TNF）. PVNPAK was synthesized by a post-azo-coupling reaction, with an azo derivative as the electrooptic chromophore and carbazolyl as photoconductive moiety. The asymmetric two-beam coupling gain of 13.9 cm-1 and diffraction efficiency of 1.2% for poled polymer film fabricated using a corona poling are obtained at the wavelength of 647.1 nm, confirming photorefractivity. We interpreted this result as the orientational enhancement, in which the spatial charge field may enhance the modulated orientation of the azobenzen chromophore. It is unexpected that the photorefractive gain of 9.5 cm-1 for the unpoled polymer film also was observed without external field in two-beam coupling（TBC） experiment. This phenomenon is attributed to a light-induced orientational grating when the azobenzene groups are illuminated by polarized light.展开更多
Two types of 5μm thick hybrid orientation structure wafers,which were integrated by（110）or（100） orientation silicon wafers as the substrate,have been investigated for 15-40 V voltage ICs and MEMS sensor applicati...Two types of 5μm thick hybrid orientation structure wafers,which were integrated by（110）or（100） orientation silicon wafers as the substrate,have been investigated for 15-40 V voltage ICs and MEMS sensor applications.They have been obtained mainly by SOI wafer bonding and a non-selective epitaxy technique,and have been presented in China for the first time.The thickness of BOX SiO2 buried in wafer is 220 nm.It has been found that the quality of hybrid orientation structure with（100）wafer substrate is better than that with（110）wafer substrate by＂Sirtl defect etching of HOSW＂.展开更多
基金financial support from the Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province(16KJA430007)Opening Topic of Key Laboratory of Attapulgite Resources Utilization in Jiangsu Province(HPK201804)Opening Topic of National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization of Mineral and Salt Resources(SF201804)。
文摘In the present work,transparent and anti-fogging AlPO_(4)-5 films were prepared on glass substrates using a novel developed process.The process entails a simple in-situ sol–gel followed by vapor phase transport.The in-situ sol–gel process was implemented by coating the precursor sols for the synthesis of AlPO4-5 on the glass substrates successively using the spin-coating method.The films and powders scribed from the films were characterized by X-Ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),atomic force microscope(AFM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The unique films were composed of oblique oriented nanoflake AlPO_(4)-5 crystals with the thickness of about 20 nm.The formation of nano-flake crystals can be ascribed to the high concentration of the precursors,resulting in the formation of a supersaturation system.The obtained films showed high antifogging performance due to the superhydrophilicity with a water contact angle of lower than 1.0°.The silicone oil contact angle was also low about 8.2°.In addition,heteroatom-substituted AlPO_(4)-5 films showing different colors can be obtained easily by simply adding transition metal ions in the phosphate acid solution during the preparation that can extend the application of the method for different coating demand.
基金The authors are grateful to NSF of China(No.50703013)Independent Innovative Position of Hubei Province for financial support of this work
文摘A new approach to synthesize liquid crystalline polymer with narrow polydispersity index（PDI） was developed.Photopolymerization of 4-cyanophenyl-4＇-（6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy）benzoate（RM23） in nematic liquid crystals with macroscopic orientation was studied.The effects of the monomer concentration on the molecular weight and PDI of the resulting polymers were studied through gel permeation chromatography（GPC） and polarized optical microscopy.The low PDI of 1.19 and 1.22 was obtained in the reverse and normal modes,respectively.The PDI and molecular weight increased with monomer concentration.
基金supported by the Southern Federal University(research topic“Development and Materials-Science Substantiation of the Creation of Materials and Products Based on Piezoelectric Ceramics Using Additive Technologies”,stage 2022,contract No.176/22-D,July 11th,2022).
文摘The polarization orientation effect and porosity effect on the piezoelectric properties and related parameters are studied in 2-2-type composites based on domain-engineered relaxor-ferroelectric[011]-poled single crystals.The parameters,which are of great interest,are an anisotropy of the piezoelectric coefficients d_(3j)^(*),an anisotropy of the energy-harvesting figures of merit d_(3j)^(*)g_(3j)^(*) and the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient d_(h)^(*).An orientation of the main crystallographic axes in each polydomain single-crystal layer is described by anglesβandγ.Diagrams built for the first time show the(β,γ)regions,where a large anisotropy of d_(3j)^(*)(or d_(3j)^(*)g_(3j)^(*))is achieved,and where inequality d_(h)^(*)>1000 pC/N holds.A large local max d_(h)^(*)=1930 pC/N is achieved in a 2-2-0 PZN-0.065PT-based composite at the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33*=2290 pC/N and figure of merit d*33g*33=1.02.10−9 Pa−1.The aforementioned large parameters are to be of value in piezoelectric sensing,energy harvesting and hydroacoustics.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772176,31672038 and 31621064)and the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFDO201900 and 2017YFD0200400).
文摘Sesquiterpenoids play an import role in the direct or indirect defense of plants.Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthases(FPSs)catalyze the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate,which is a key precursor of farnesol and(E)-β-farnesene.In the current study,two FPS genes in Gossypium hirsutum,GhFPS1 and GhFPS2,were heterologously cloned and functionally characterized in a greenhouse setting.The open reading frames for full-length GhFPS1 and GhFPS2 were each 1029 nucleotides,and encoded two proteins of 342 amino acids with molecular weights of 39.4 kDa.The deduced amino acid sequences of GhFPS1–2 showed high identity to FPSs of other plants.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that GhFPS1 and GhFPS2 were highly expressed in G.hirsutum leaves,and were upregulated in methyl jasmonate(MeJA)-,methyl salicylate(MeSA)-and aphid infestation-treated cotton plants.The recombinant proteins of either GhFPS1 or GhFPS2 plus calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase could convert geranyl diphosphate(GPP)or isopentenyl diphosphate(IPP)to one major product,farnesol.Moreover,in electrophysiological response and Y-tube olfactometer assays,farnesol showed obvious attractiveness to female Aphidius gifuensis,which is an important parasitic wasp of aphids.Our findings suggest that two GhFPSs are involved in farnesol biosynthesis and they play a crucial role in indirect defense of cotton against aphid infestation.
文摘Java programming language is a major . new development which involves object-oriented programming and computer networking. Here, several examples of Java programs are presented. These examples show some major features that Java language provides, such as multi-thread, exception handling, network application writing, and the usage of Java applets. This article also shows some ways of setting up a Java language programming environment. All these examples are correct and ready to run.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51303115)
文摘We have analyzed the photorefractive（PR） effect of a polymer composite was reported which combines a novel bi-functional poly（N-vinyl）-3-[p-nitrophenylazo]carbazolyl（PVNPAK） and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone（TNF）. PVNPAK was synthesized by a post-azo-coupling reaction, with an azo derivative as the electrooptic chromophore and carbazolyl as photoconductive moiety. The asymmetric two-beam coupling gain of 13.9 cm-1 and diffraction efficiency of 1.2% for poled polymer film fabricated using a corona poling are obtained at the wavelength of 647.1 nm, confirming photorefractivity. We interpreted this result as the orientational enhancement, in which the spatial charge field may enhance the modulated orientation of the azobenzen chromophore. It is unexpected that the photorefractive gain of 9.5 cm-1 for the unpoled polymer film also was observed without external field in two-beam coupling（TBC） experiment. This phenomenon is attributed to a light-induced orientational grating when the azobenzene groups are illuminated by polarized light.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No61398)the National Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits Foundation of China(NoYZ0808)
文摘Two types of 5μm thick hybrid orientation structure wafers,which were integrated by（110）or（100） orientation silicon wafers as the substrate,have been investigated for 15-40 V voltage ICs and MEMS sensor applications.They have been obtained mainly by SOI wafer bonding and a non-selective epitaxy technique,and have been presented in China for the first time.The thickness of BOX SiO2 buried in wafer is 220 nm.It has been found that the quality of hybrid orientation structure with（100）wafer substrate is better than that with（110）wafer substrate by＂Sirtl defect etching of HOSW＂.
