The increasing rate of insecurity in Nigeria, especially the southwest requires a paradigm shift from popular approach to crime hotspots detection. This study employed geospatial technologies to integrate spatio-tempo...The increasing rate of insecurity in Nigeria, especially the southwest requires a paradigm shift from popular approach to crime hotspots detection. This study employed geospatial technologies to integrate spatio-temporal crime, social media and field observation data from the communities in all the six states in the southwest to develop crime hotspots that can serve as preliminary information to assist in allocating resources for crime control and prevention. Historical crime data from January 1972 to April, 2021 were compiled and updated with rigorous field survey in September, 2021. The field data were encoded, input to the SPSS 17 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. A total 936 crime locations data were geolocated and exported to ArcGIS 10.5 for spatial mapping using point map operation and further imported to e-Spatial web-based and QGIS for the generation of hotspot map using heatmap tool. The results revealed that armed robbery, assassination and cultism were more pronounced in Lagos and Ogun States. Similarly, high incidences of farmers/herdsmen conflicts are observed in Oyo and Osun States. Increasing incidences of kidnapping are common in all the south-western states but very prominent in Ondo, Lagos and Oyo States. Most of the violent crime incidents took place along the highways, with forests being their hideouts. Violent crimes are dominantly caused by high rate of unemployment while farmer/herdsmen conflicts were majorly triggered by the scarcity of grazing fields and destruction of arable crops. The conflicts have resulted in the increasing cases of rape and disruption of social group, intake of hard drugs, cult-related activities, low income and revenue generation, and displacement of farmers and infrastructural damages. The study advocates regular retraining and equipping of security agents, establishment of cattle ranch, and installation of sophisticated IP Camera at the crime hotspots to assist in real-time crime monitoring and management.展开更多
Homicides in the United States disproportionately affect minorities,and previous research also indicates that increased economic deprivation and social disorganization correlates with increased rates of homicide.The C...Homicides in the United States disproportionately affect minorities,and previous research also indicates that increased economic deprivation and social disorganization correlates with increased rates of homicide.The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated economic disparities and may have magnified existing disparities in homicide rates.Few studies have examined the incidence of teenage homicides throughout the United States,especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.This was a retrospective case review of homicides involving youth between the age group of 13 and 19 years from 2018 to 2021 in the state of Maryland.The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 affected rates of youth homicide.A total of 230 teenage homicides occurred in Maryland from 2018 to 2021 with 113 cases during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period(2018/2019)and 117 cases during the COVID-19 pandemic(2020/2021).The majority of teenage homicide victims were African−American male.More than 83%and 79%of victims were African−American in 2018/2019 and 2020/2021,respectively.Victims were also predominantly male(90%in 2018/2019 and 88%in 2020/2021).Maryland has a population of approximately 6 million people and is made up of 23 countries and Baltimore City.Nearly half of the overall incidents of teenage homicide took place in Baltimore City(49.6%pre-COVID-19 and 44.4%during COVID-19,respectively).While the average victim age did not vary considerably between 2018/2019(17.8 years)and 2020/2021(17.5 years),the percentage of cases involving victims ages 13-15 years more than doubled from 5.3%of cases in 2018/2019 to 12%of cases in 2020/2021.The majority of teenage homicide cases were due to firearm injuries(91.7%,n=211),but during the COVID-19 pandemic,there was a rise in violence involving sharp objects such as knives.The incidence of teenage homicide did not change considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic,although we did observe a trend toward younger males who were African American.展开更多
文摘The increasing rate of insecurity in Nigeria, especially the southwest requires a paradigm shift from popular approach to crime hotspots detection. This study employed geospatial technologies to integrate spatio-temporal crime, social media and field observation data from the communities in all the six states in the southwest to develop crime hotspots that can serve as preliminary information to assist in allocating resources for crime control and prevention. Historical crime data from January 1972 to April, 2021 were compiled and updated with rigorous field survey in September, 2021. The field data were encoded, input to the SPSS 17 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. A total 936 crime locations data were geolocated and exported to ArcGIS 10.5 for spatial mapping using point map operation and further imported to e-Spatial web-based and QGIS for the generation of hotspot map using heatmap tool. The results revealed that armed robbery, assassination and cultism were more pronounced in Lagos and Ogun States. Similarly, high incidences of farmers/herdsmen conflicts are observed in Oyo and Osun States. Increasing incidences of kidnapping are common in all the south-western states but very prominent in Ondo, Lagos and Oyo States. Most of the violent crime incidents took place along the highways, with forests being their hideouts. Violent crimes are dominantly caused by high rate of unemployment while farmer/herdsmen conflicts were majorly triggered by the scarcity of grazing fields and destruction of arable crops. The conflicts have resulted in the increasing cases of rape and disruption of social group, intake of hard drugs, cult-related activities, low income and revenue generation, and displacement of farmers and infrastructural damages. The study advocates regular retraining and equipping of security agents, establishment of cattle ranch, and installation of sophisticated IP Camera at the crime hotspots to assist in real-time crime monitoring and management.
文摘Homicides in the United States disproportionately affect minorities,and previous research also indicates that increased economic deprivation and social disorganization correlates with increased rates of homicide.The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated economic disparities and may have magnified existing disparities in homicide rates.Few studies have examined the incidence of teenage homicides throughout the United States,especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.This was a retrospective case review of homicides involving youth between the age group of 13 and 19 years from 2018 to 2021 in the state of Maryland.The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 affected rates of youth homicide.A total of 230 teenage homicides occurred in Maryland from 2018 to 2021 with 113 cases during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period(2018/2019)and 117 cases during the COVID-19 pandemic(2020/2021).The majority of teenage homicide victims were African−American male.More than 83%and 79%of victims were African−American in 2018/2019 and 2020/2021,respectively.Victims were also predominantly male(90%in 2018/2019 and 88%in 2020/2021).Maryland has a population of approximately 6 million people and is made up of 23 countries and Baltimore City.Nearly half of the overall incidents of teenage homicide took place in Baltimore City(49.6%pre-COVID-19 and 44.4%during COVID-19,respectively).While the average victim age did not vary considerably between 2018/2019(17.8 years)and 2020/2021(17.5 years),the percentage of cases involving victims ages 13-15 years more than doubled from 5.3%of cases in 2018/2019 to 12%of cases in 2020/2021.The majority of teenage homicide cases were due to firearm injuries(91.7%,n=211),but during the COVID-19 pandemic,there was a rise in violence involving sharp objects such as knives.The incidence of teenage homicide did not change considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic,although we did observe a trend toward younger males who were African American.
