Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laborat...Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing.Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing.Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing.Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.展开更多
Objective:To explore and analyze the effectiveness of targeted nursing in children with severe viral encephalitis complicated with respiratory failure.Methods:From April 2021 to April 2023,74 children with severe vira...Objective:To explore and analyze the effectiveness of targeted nursing in children with severe viral encephalitis complicated with respiratory failure.Methods:From April 2021 to April 2023,74 children with severe viral encephalitis complicated with respiratory failure admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of our hospital were selected as the research objects and divided into the target group(n=37)and the reference group(n=37).Targeted nursing was given to the target group,while general nursing was given to the reference group.Physical rehabilitation,motor scores,and lung function were compared between the groups.Results:The recovery time of limb abnormalities,convulsions,abnormal consciousness,and cranial nerve disorders in the target group was significantly better than that in the reference group(P<0.05).The motor function,joint activity and pain,sensory function,and total score of the target group were significantly lower than those of the reference group(P<0.05).After the intervention,lung function indicators including VC(vital capacity),FVC(forced vital capacity),and MVV(maximum voluntary ventilation)of the target group were better than those of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Targeted nursing can shorten the recovery period of severe viral encephalitis complicated with respiratory failure in children,speed up the recovery of motor function,and improve lung function.This nursing model has a significant application effect in children with severe viral encephalitis complicated with respiratory failure.展开更多
Objective: This study aims to explore the differences in cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band (CSF-OCB) expression among different age groups in viral encephalitis and its reference value for diagnosis. Methods: Forty...Objective: This study aims to explore the differences in cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band (CSF-OCB) expression among different age groups in viral encephalitis and its reference value for diagnosis. Methods: Forty-two patients with viral encephalitis were divided into two groups: 25 adults and 17 children. The presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was detected using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and CSF routine analysis was conducted for comparative analysis. Results: The CSF-OCB positivity rate was higher in the adult group (48%) compared with the pediatric group (11.76%), with a statistically significant difference (P Conclusion: 1) The expression of CSF-OCB positivity in patients with viral encephalitis is age-related, with higher positivity rates observed in adults compared to children. 2) Although CSF oligoclonal band detection is not a specific diagnostic marker for viral encephalitis in adults, it still holds certain reference value.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Traditional subhibernation therapy may easily cause complications, such as respiratory depression and hyportension because of application of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and promethazine in a large dosage...BACKGROUND： Traditional subhibernation therapy may easily cause complications, such as respiratory depression and hyportension because of application of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and promethazine in a large dosage. OBJECTIVE： To observe therapeutic effect of modified subhibernation therapy （alterative application of five anticonvulsants according to the half life） on status epilepticus in children with severe viral encephalitis （VE）. DESIGN： Contrast observation. SETTING： Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University. PARTICIPANTS： The participants in present study were 96 patients with severe viral encephalitis including 52 boys and 44 girls who received treatment in the Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University from February 2000 to March 2006. All children met the diagnostic criteria of Zhufutong Practice Pediatrics （the seventh edition）. Two weeks ago, they ever got upper respiratory infection or enteronitis and so on before the onset, spirit abnormal, behavior disorder, limbs act disorder, vomit, headache, convulsion, nervous system masculine signs such as limbs act disord, autonomic nerve damage manifestation, brain nerve palsy, dysreflexia, meningeal irritation sign, cerebrospinal fluid and electroencephalography （EEG） abnormity. All parents provided the confirmed consent. The patients were randomly divided into control group （n =40） and experimental group （n =56）. METHODS： Patients in the control group received anticonvulsion, ice compress and routine treatment. The convulsion was treated with five drugs： 0.5 mg/kg wintermin and phenergan, respectively, 100 g/L chlorpromazine hydrochloride （0.5 mL/kg）, 5 mg/kg luminal, 0.3 mg/kg ansiolin. When convulsion attacked, those five drugs were given alternatively; however, those were not given if the convulsion did not attack. Children in the experimental group were treated with improved subhibernation therapy based on routine treatment. The dosages of anticonvulsants were as the same as those in the control group. Based on the half life, every drug was alternated every 4-6 hours. In addition, anticonvulsants administrated for 2 successive days whether tic attacked or not. Then the hypnotic was removed gradually. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Therapeutic efficacy, time of disappeared clinical symptoms and physical sign, and security of administration. RESULTS： All the 96 patients were involved in the final analysis. ① Total effective rate and reliability： Total effective rate was higher in the treatment groups than the control group （χ2=5.871 7, P 〈 0.05）. All patients did not have respiratory depression and side effects. ② Time of disappeared clinical symptoms and physical sign： Recovery time of convulsion, fever, headache and vomit was shorter in the treatment group than that in the control group, and there was significant difference （t =17.612 1-34.330 7, P 〈 0.05）; in addition, symptoms of status epilepticus were relieved obviously. Meanwhile, recovery time of paralysis, coma and anepia was shorter in the treatment group than that in the control group, and there was significant difference （t =10.660 8-24.700 8, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Therapeutic effect of improved subhibernation therapy on status epilepticus induced by severe viral encephalitis is positively and safer.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the serum VCAM-1 content in children with viral encephalitis and its correlation with nerve injury and inflammatory response. Methods: A total of 60 children with viral encephalitis who were ...Objective: To investigate the serum VCAM-1 content in children with viral encephalitis and its correlation with nerve injury and inflammatory response. Methods: A total of 60 children with viral encephalitis who were treated in Xianyang First People's Hospital between December 2015 and January 2017 were selected as viral encephalitis group, and 50 healthy children who accepted vaccination in the hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. The differences in serum levels of VCAM-1, nerve injury-related indexes and inflammatory factors were compared between two groups of children, and Pearson test was used to further evaluate the correlation of serum VCAM-1 content with nerve injury and inflammatory response in children with viral encephalitis. Results: Immediately after admission, serum VCAM-1 content of children with viral encephalitis was significantly higher than that of normal control group;serum nerve injury-related indexes CK-BB, MBP, β-EP and NSE contents were higher than those of normal control group;serum inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-18 and γ-IFN contents were higher than those of control group. Pearson test showed that serum VCAM-1 content in children with viral encephalitis was positively correlated with nerve injury and inflammatory response. Conclusion: Serum VCAM-1 content is high in children with viral encephalitis, and the specific content is directly correlated with the severity of nerve injury and inflammatory response.展开更多
Objective:To detect the content of SP-D in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of children with viral encephalitis, evaluate the correlation between SP-D and indexes of brain injury, inflammatory reaction and cellular immune dis...Objective:To detect the content of SP-D in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of children with viral encephalitis, evaluate the correlation between SP-D and indexes of brain injury, inflammatory reaction and cellular immune disorder.Methods: 78 cases of viral encephalitis children diagnosed in our hospital during December 2016 to May 2018 were selected as Viral encephalitis group, 51 cases of fever without intracranial infection children were selected as Control group. The cerebrospinal fluid samples of two groups were taken and SP-D, brain injury-related indicators, inflammatory indicators and T lymphocyte subsets were detected. Pearson test was used to analyze the relationship between SP-D content in CSF and above indicators.Results: Content of SP-D in CSF of Viral encephalitis group was lower than that of control group (P<0.05). Contents of MBP, CK-BB, NSE and S100B in CSF of Viral encephalitis group were higher than those of Control group;contents of IL-1β, TNF-αand ICAM-1 in CSF of Viral encephalitis group were higher than those of Control group;distribution proportion of CD3+, CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in CSF were lower than those of Control group, and levels of CD8+ were higher than that of Control group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that, SP-D content in CSF of viral encephalitis children was directly related to brain injury indexes, inflammatory indexes and T lymphocyte subsets distribution levels(P<0.05).Conclusion: Content of SP-D in CSF of viral encephalitis children decreases abnormally, the specific content is directly related to the degree of brain injury, intracranial inflammation and cellular immune dysfunction. It is important to evaluate the severity of the disease.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the changes of EEG,neurological function,immune function and inflammatory factors in children with viral encephalitis and their clinical significance.Methods:60 children with viral encephalitis in...Objective:To analyze the changes of EEG,neurological function,immune function and inflammatory factors in children with viral encephalitis and their clinical significance.Methods:60 children with viral encephalitis in our hospital were collected as observation group and 60 healthy children were collected as control group during the same period.The electroencephalogram(EEG)of the children in the observation group was observed,and the serum levels of S100B protein(S100B),neuron specific enolase(NSE),myelin basic protein(MBP),immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and cystatin C(Cyst C)were detected and compared between the two groups.Results:The electroencephalogram results of the observation group showed that 55 cases were abnormal,the positive rate was 91.67%.Among them,30 cases were mild abnormal,19 cases were moderate abnormal and 6 cases were severe abnormal.The serum levels of S100B,NSE and MBP of patients in the observation group were(231.26±25.74)ng/L,(18.92±2.03)ug/L,(1.44±16.23)ug/L,which were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);The serum levels of IgG and IgM were(7.45±0.76)g/L,(0.83±0.09)g/L respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The serum levels of hs-CRP and Cyst C of patients in the observation group were(4.59±0.51)mg/L,(14.38±0.09)mg/L,respectively,which were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The positive rate of EEG diagnosis was high.The changes of neurological function,immune function factors,hs-CRP and Cyst C levels may become important reference indicators for auxiliary diagnosis and early treatment of children with viral encephalitis.Neurological function,immune function factors,hs-CRP and Cyst C are all related to the progression of viral encephalitis.The above indicators can be used as important indicators for assistant diagnosis and early treatment of viral encephalitis in children.展开更多
Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and bra...Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and brain parenchyma,has attracted growing attention due to its high mortality and disability rates.Understanding the infectious routes of neurotropic viruses and the mechanism underlying the host immune response is critical to reduce viral spread and improve antiviral therapy outcomes.In this review,we summarize the common categories of neurotropic viruses,viral transmission routes in the body,host immune responses,and experimental animal models used for VE study to gain a deeper understanding of recent progress in the pathogenic and immunological mechanisms under neurotropic viral infection.This review should provide valuable resources and perspectives on how to cope with pandemic infections.展开更多
Previous studies have confirmed that the anti-virus effects of Shuanghuanglian injection may be associated with nuclear factor-kappa B activity. This study observed nuclear factor-kappa B expression in mice with viral...Previous studies have confirmed that the anti-virus effects of Shuanghuanglian injection may be associated with nuclear factor-kappa B activity. This study observed nuclear factor-kappa B expression in mice with viral encephalitis, and showed significant decreases in nuclear factor-kappa B protein and mRNA levels following Shuanghuanglian injection. The inhibitory effect was more significant with prolonged intervention duration and increased treatment dose. These findings verify that Shuanghuanglian injection plays a therapeutic role in viral encephalitis by reducing expression of nuclear factor-kappa B in a time- and dose-dependent manner.展开更多
A mouse model of viral encephalitis was induced by intracranial injection of a Coxsackie virus B3 suspension. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and western blot assay were applied to detect mRNA and pro...A mouse model of viral encephalitis was induced by intracranial injection of a Coxsackie virus B3 suspension. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and western blot assay were applied to detect mRNA and protein expression of intelectin-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B in the viral encephalitis and control groups. Nuclear factor-kappa B and intelectin-2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in mice with viral encephalitis. After intraperitoneal injection of Shuanghuanglian at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg for 5 successive days, intelectin-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B protein and mRNA expression were significantly decreased. To elucidate the relationship between intelectin-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B, mice with viral encephalitis were administered an intracerebral injection of 107 pfu recombinant lentivirus expressing intelectin shRNA. Both protein and mRNA levels of intelectin and nuclear factor-kappa B in brain tissue of mice were significantly decreased. Experimental findings suggest that Shuanghuanglian injection may downregulate nuclear factor-kappa B production via suppression of intelectin production, thus inhibiting inflammation associated with viral encephalitis.展开更多
Viral encephalitis in children caused by multiple viral infections,as a common central nervous system disease in pediatrics,has a high incidence in China.Its clinical symptoms usually include infection,poisoning,intra...Viral encephalitis in children caused by multiple viral infections,as a common central nervous system disease in pediatrics,has a high incidence in China.Its clinical symptoms usually include infection,poisoning,intracranial hypertension,and disturbance of consciousness.In severe cases,it can even endanger the lives of patient children.At present,the clinical treatment of the viral encephalitis mainly uses traditional Chinese medicine preparations such as Reduning Injection.The efficacy is significant.It can not only relieve the uncomfortable symptoms in a short time,but also has low incidence of adverse reactions.In this study,the factors that cause viral encephalitis in children were analyzed,and the efficacy,pharmacological action and clinical application of Reduning Injection were comprehensively elaborated,to provide a reference for clinical doctors to rationally treat viral encephalitis in children.展开更多
Human herpesvirus 6(HHV-6)is a significant pathogen following solid organ transplantation.Here,we report a 64-year-old female with cirrhosis related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease who underwent orthotopic allogen...Human herpesvirus 6(HHV-6)is a significant pathogen following solid organ transplantation.Here,we report a 64-year-old female with cirrhosis related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease who underwent orthotopic allogeneic liver transplantation and was ultimately diagnosed with HHV-6 encephalitis through cerebrospinal fluid analysis and MRI.Empirical treatment with daily ganciclovir was initiated according to characteristics indicative of viral encephalitis 3 days before confirmed diagnosis.Subsequent improvement in symptoms was observed,with clearance of HHV-6 from the blood.The complex diagnosis and management of this case accentuate the possibility of serious consequences of HHV-6 infection in postoperative liver transplant patients.Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for HHV-6 reactivation,especially given its association with immunosuppressive drug regimens.Prompt recognition and initiation of antiviral therapy are paramount,particularly when patients present with fever or psychiatric symptoms,as these may indicate HHV-6 encephalitis.展开更多
As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continues to spread globally,it became evident that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects multiple organs including the brain.Several clinical studies revealed ...As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continues to spread globally,it became evident that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects multiple organs including the brain.Several clinical studies revealed that patients with COVID-19 infection experience an array of neurological signs ranging in severity from headaches to life-threatening strokes.Although the exact mechanism by which the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly impacts the brain is not fully understood,several theories have been suggested including direct and indirect pathways induced by the virus.One possible theory is the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 to the brain occurs either through the bloodstream or via the nerve endings which is considered to be the direct route.Such findings are based on studies reporting the presence of viral material in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells.Nevertheless,the indirect mechanisms,including blood-clotting abnormalities and prolonged activation of the immune system,can result in further tissue and organ damages seen during the course of the disease.This overview attempts to give a thorough insight into SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus neurological infection and highlights the possible mechanisms leading to the neurological manifestations observed in infected patients.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(grant number:2022YFC2305304).
文摘Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing.Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing.Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing.Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.
文摘Objective:To explore and analyze the effectiveness of targeted nursing in children with severe viral encephalitis complicated with respiratory failure.Methods:From April 2021 to April 2023,74 children with severe viral encephalitis complicated with respiratory failure admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of our hospital were selected as the research objects and divided into the target group(n=37)and the reference group(n=37).Targeted nursing was given to the target group,while general nursing was given to the reference group.Physical rehabilitation,motor scores,and lung function were compared between the groups.Results:The recovery time of limb abnormalities,convulsions,abnormal consciousness,and cranial nerve disorders in the target group was significantly better than that in the reference group(P<0.05).The motor function,joint activity and pain,sensory function,and total score of the target group were significantly lower than those of the reference group(P<0.05).After the intervention,lung function indicators including VC(vital capacity),FVC(forced vital capacity),and MVV(maximum voluntary ventilation)of the target group were better than those of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Targeted nursing can shorten the recovery period of severe viral encephalitis complicated with respiratory failure in children,speed up the recovery of motor function,and improve lung function.This nursing model has a significant application effect in children with severe viral encephalitis complicated with respiratory failure.
文摘Objective: This study aims to explore the differences in cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band (CSF-OCB) expression among different age groups in viral encephalitis and its reference value for diagnosis. Methods: Forty-two patients with viral encephalitis were divided into two groups: 25 adults and 17 children. The presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was detected using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and CSF routine analysis was conducted for comparative analysis. Results: The CSF-OCB positivity rate was higher in the adult group (48%) compared with the pediatric group (11.76%), with a statistically significant difference (P Conclusion: 1) The expression of CSF-OCB positivity in patients with viral encephalitis is age-related, with higher positivity rates observed in adults compared to children. 2) Although CSF oligoclonal band detection is not a specific diagnostic marker for viral encephalitis in adults, it still holds certain reference value.
文摘BACKGROUND： Traditional subhibernation therapy may easily cause complications, such as respiratory depression and hyportension because of application of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and promethazine in a large dosage. OBJECTIVE： To observe therapeutic effect of modified subhibernation therapy （alterative application of five anticonvulsants according to the half life） on status epilepticus in children with severe viral encephalitis （VE）. DESIGN： Contrast observation. SETTING： Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University. PARTICIPANTS： The participants in present study were 96 patients with severe viral encephalitis including 52 boys and 44 girls who received treatment in the Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University from February 2000 to March 2006. All children met the diagnostic criteria of Zhufutong Practice Pediatrics （the seventh edition）. Two weeks ago, they ever got upper respiratory infection or enteronitis and so on before the onset, spirit abnormal, behavior disorder, limbs act disorder, vomit, headache, convulsion, nervous system masculine signs such as limbs act disord, autonomic nerve damage manifestation, brain nerve palsy, dysreflexia, meningeal irritation sign, cerebrospinal fluid and electroencephalography （EEG） abnormity. All parents provided the confirmed consent. The patients were randomly divided into control group （n =40） and experimental group （n =56）. METHODS： Patients in the control group received anticonvulsion, ice compress and routine treatment. The convulsion was treated with five drugs： 0.5 mg/kg wintermin and phenergan, respectively, 100 g/L chlorpromazine hydrochloride （0.5 mL/kg）, 5 mg/kg luminal, 0.3 mg/kg ansiolin. When convulsion attacked, those five drugs were given alternatively; however, those were not given if the convulsion did not attack. Children in the experimental group were treated with improved subhibernation therapy based on routine treatment. The dosages of anticonvulsants were as the same as those in the control group. Based on the half life, every drug was alternated every 4-6 hours. In addition, anticonvulsants administrated for 2 successive days whether tic attacked or not. Then the hypnotic was removed gradually. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Therapeutic efficacy, time of disappeared clinical symptoms and physical sign, and security of administration. RESULTS： All the 96 patients were involved in the final analysis. ① Total effective rate and reliability： Total effective rate was higher in the treatment groups than the control group （χ2=5.871 7, P 〈 0.05）. All patients did not have respiratory depression and side effects. ② Time of disappeared clinical symptoms and physical sign： Recovery time of convulsion, fever, headache and vomit was shorter in the treatment group than that in the control group, and there was significant difference （t =17.612 1-34.330 7, P 〈 0.05）; in addition, symptoms of status epilepticus were relieved obviously. Meanwhile, recovery time of paralysis, coma and anepia was shorter in the treatment group than that in the control group, and there was significant difference （t =10.660 8-24.700 8, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Therapeutic effect of improved subhibernation therapy on status epilepticus induced by severe viral encephalitis is positively and safer.
文摘Objective: To investigate the serum VCAM-1 content in children with viral encephalitis and its correlation with nerve injury and inflammatory response. Methods: A total of 60 children with viral encephalitis who were treated in Xianyang First People's Hospital between December 2015 and January 2017 were selected as viral encephalitis group, and 50 healthy children who accepted vaccination in the hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. The differences in serum levels of VCAM-1, nerve injury-related indexes and inflammatory factors were compared between two groups of children, and Pearson test was used to further evaluate the correlation of serum VCAM-1 content with nerve injury and inflammatory response in children with viral encephalitis. Results: Immediately after admission, serum VCAM-1 content of children with viral encephalitis was significantly higher than that of normal control group;serum nerve injury-related indexes CK-BB, MBP, β-EP and NSE contents were higher than those of normal control group;serum inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-18 and γ-IFN contents were higher than those of control group. Pearson test showed that serum VCAM-1 content in children with viral encephalitis was positively correlated with nerve injury and inflammatory response. Conclusion: Serum VCAM-1 content is high in children with viral encephalitis, and the specific content is directly correlated with the severity of nerve injury and inflammatory response.
文摘Objective:To detect the content of SP-D in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of children with viral encephalitis, evaluate the correlation between SP-D and indexes of brain injury, inflammatory reaction and cellular immune disorder.Methods: 78 cases of viral encephalitis children diagnosed in our hospital during December 2016 to May 2018 were selected as Viral encephalitis group, 51 cases of fever without intracranial infection children were selected as Control group. The cerebrospinal fluid samples of two groups were taken and SP-D, brain injury-related indicators, inflammatory indicators and T lymphocyte subsets were detected. Pearson test was used to analyze the relationship between SP-D content in CSF and above indicators.Results: Content of SP-D in CSF of Viral encephalitis group was lower than that of control group (P<0.05). Contents of MBP, CK-BB, NSE and S100B in CSF of Viral encephalitis group were higher than those of Control group;contents of IL-1β, TNF-αand ICAM-1 in CSF of Viral encephalitis group were higher than those of Control group;distribution proportion of CD3+, CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in CSF were lower than those of Control group, and levels of CD8+ were higher than that of Control group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that, SP-D content in CSF of viral encephalitis children was directly related to brain injury indexes, inflammatory indexes and T lymphocyte subsets distribution levels(P<0.05).Conclusion: Content of SP-D in CSF of viral encephalitis children decreases abnormally, the specific content is directly related to the degree of brain injury, intracranial inflammation and cellular immune dysfunction. It is important to evaluate the severity of the disease.
基金Youth Science Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China.Project No:81701548.
文摘Objective:To analyze the changes of EEG,neurological function,immune function and inflammatory factors in children with viral encephalitis and their clinical significance.Methods:60 children with viral encephalitis in our hospital were collected as observation group and 60 healthy children were collected as control group during the same period.The electroencephalogram(EEG)of the children in the observation group was observed,and the serum levels of S100B protein(S100B),neuron specific enolase(NSE),myelin basic protein(MBP),immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and cystatin C(Cyst C)were detected and compared between the two groups.Results:The electroencephalogram results of the observation group showed that 55 cases were abnormal,the positive rate was 91.67%.Among them,30 cases were mild abnormal,19 cases were moderate abnormal and 6 cases were severe abnormal.The serum levels of S100B,NSE and MBP of patients in the observation group were(231.26±25.74)ng/L,(18.92±2.03)ug/L,(1.44±16.23)ug/L,which were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);The serum levels of IgG and IgM were(7.45±0.76)g/L,(0.83±0.09)g/L respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The serum levels of hs-CRP and Cyst C of patients in the observation group were(4.59±0.51)mg/L,(14.38±0.09)mg/L,respectively,which were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The positive rate of EEG diagnosis was high.The changes of neurological function,immune function factors,hs-CRP and Cyst C levels may become important reference indicators for auxiliary diagnosis and early treatment of children with viral encephalitis.Neurological function,immune function factors,hs-CRP and Cyst C are all related to the progression of viral encephalitis.The above indicators can be used as important indicators for assistant diagnosis and early treatment of viral encephalitis in children.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81825011,81930038,81961160738)Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(22XD1400800)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB19030200)。
文摘Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and brain parenchyma,has attracted growing attention due to its high mortality and disability rates.Understanding the infectious routes of neurotropic viruses and the mechanism underlying the host immune response is critical to reduce viral spread and improve antiviral therapy outcomes.In this review,we summarize the common categories of neurotropic viruses,viral transmission routes in the body,host immune responses,and experimental animal models used for VE study to gain a deeper understanding of recent progress in the pathogenic and immunological mechanisms under neurotropic viral infection.This review should provide valuable resources and perspectives on how to cope with pandemic infections.
基金the Health Research Fund from Health Department of Shaanxi Province,China,No. 04015
文摘Previous studies have confirmed that the anti-virus effects of Shuanghuanglian injection may be associated with nuclear factor-kappa B activity. This study observed nuclear factor-kappa B expression in mice with viral encephalitis, and showed significant decreases in nuclear factor-kappa B protein and mRNA levels following Shuanghuanglian injection. The inhibitory effect was more significant with prolonged intervention duration and increased treatment dose. These findings verify that Shuanghuanglian injection plays a therapeutic role in viral encephalitis by reducing expression of nuclear factor-kappa B in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
基金funded by the Health Research Fund from the Health Department of Shanxi Province, China, No.04015
文摘A mouse model of viral encephalitis was induced by intracranial injection of a Coxsackie virus B3 suspension. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and western blot assay were applied to detect mRNA and protein expression of intelectin-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B in the viral encephalitis and control groups. Nuclear factor-kappa B and intelectin-2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in mice with viral encephalitis. After intraperitoneal injection of Shuanghuanglian at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg for 5 successive days, intelectin-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B protein and mRNA expression were significantly decreased. To elucidate the relationship between intelectin-2 and nuclear factor-kappa B, mice with viral encephalitis were administered an intracerebral injection of 107 pfu recombinant lentivirus expressing intelectin shRNA. Both protein and mRNA levels of intelectin and nuclear factor-kappa B in brain tissue of mice were significantly decreased. Experimental findings suggest that Shuanghuanglian injection may downregulate nuclear factor-kappa B production via suppression of intelectin production, thus inhibiting inflammation associated with viral encephalitis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81873218)。
文摘Viral encephalitis in children caused by multiple viral infections,as a common central nervous system disease in pediatrics,has a high incidence in China.Its clinical symptoms usually include infection,poisoning,intracranial hypertension,and disturbance of consciousness.In severe cases,it can even endanger the lives of patient children.At present,the clinical treatment of the viral encephalitis mainly uses traditional Chinese medicine preparations such as Reduning Injection.The efficacy is significant.It can not only relieve the uncomfortable symptoms in a short time,but also has low incidence of adverse reactions.In this study,the factors that cause viral encephalitis in children were analyzed,and the efficacy,pharmacological action and clinical application of Reduning Injection were comprehensively elaborated,to provide a reference for clinical doctors to rationally treat viral encephalitis in children.
基金supported by the Foundation of Jilin Province Department of Finance(20210204097YY)the Health Department of Jilin Province(JLSWSRCZX2020-045)Beijing Liver-GallbladderMutual charity Fund(GDXZ-08-18).
文摘Human herpesvirus 6(HHV-6)is a significant pathogen following solid organ transplantation.Here,we report a 64-year-old female with cirrhosis related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease who underwent orthotopic allogeneic liver transplantation and was ultimately diagnosed with HHV-6 encephalitis through cerebrospinal fluid analysis and MRI.Empirical treatment with daily ganciclovir was initiated according to characteristics indicative of viral encephalitis 3 days before confirmed diagnosis.Subsequent improvement in symptoms was observed,with clearance of HHV-6 from the blood.The complex diagnosis and management of this case accentuate the possibility of serious consequences of HHV-6 infection in postoperative liver transplant patients.Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for HHV-6 reactivation,especially given its association with immunosuppressive drug regimens.Prompt recognition and initiation of antiviral therapy are paramount,particularly when patients present with fever or psychiatric symptoms,as these may indicate HHV-6 encephalitis.
基金the Flash Grant Call from the National Council for Scientific Research in Lebanon(CNRS-L)the American University of Beirut(AUB)titled:“Neurological Complications PostCoronavirus Disease(COVID-19)“(to FK)and“SARS-COV2 antibodies signature in exposed individuals to assess protection status”(to ES).
文摘As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continues to spread globally,it became evident that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects multiple organs including the brain.Several clinical studies revealed that patients with COVID-19 infection experience an array of neurological signs ranging in severity from headaches to life-threatening strokes.Although the exact mechanism by which the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly impacts the brain is not fully understood,several theories have been suggested including direct and indirect pathways induced by the virus.One possible theory is the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 to the brain occurs either through the bloodstream or via the nerve endings which is considered to be the direct route.Such findings are based on studies reporting the presence of viral material in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells.Nevertheless,the indirect mechanisms,including blood-clotting abnormalities and prolonged activation of the immune system,can result in further tissue and organ damages seen during the course of the disease.This overview attempts to give a thorough insight into SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus neurological infection and highlights the possible mechanisms leading to the neurological manifestations observed in infected patients.
