Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (VHL) is a public health problem, particularly in sub-Sahara Africa. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination coverage against HBV in children in Brazzaville. Patients and Method...Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (VHL) is a public health problem, particularly in sub-Sahara Africa. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination coverage against HBV in children in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Brazzaville health centres from January to September 2019. It involved children aged between six months and six years who received a vaccination against HBV. Sampling was exhaustive and based on stratified sampling. Results: The overall prevalence of children vaccinated against HBV in Brazzaville was 96.2%. It was insufficient in the Talangai health district (79%). The pentavalent vaccine was administered to 97.7% of children, 85% of whom had received all three doses. The reasons for incomplete vaccination were parents’ ignorance of HVB (85.6%) and of vaccination (14.3%). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of vaccinated children is high in Brazzaville, it is still insufficient in some health districts, particularly Talangai, because parents are unaware of the disease and of vaccination. Pentavalent is the only vaccine available in the national vaccination programme, which is why an effective national vaccination policy needs to be put in place. .展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still a serious worldwide problem, and vaccination is the most effective strategy for primary prevention of the infection. Although universal vaccination may be required for total e...Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still a serious worldwide problem, and vaccination is the most effective strategy for primary prevention of the infection. Although universal vaccination may be required for total eradication, several countries, including Japan, have not yet adopted universal vaccination programs. Some individuals are non-responders to HBV vaccine and several mechanisms responsible for their poor response have been proposed. To overcome non-response, third generation vaccines with pre-S proteins have been developed. These vaccines have shown better antiHBs responses and may also be effective in preventing infection by HBV with S mutant. Improvement of vaccine efficacy by intradermal administration, or coadministration with cytokines or adjuvants, may also be effective in non-responders. The necessity, timing and method of booster vaccination in responders with decreased anti-HBs responses, and effective vaccination against S-mutant HBV, are issues requiring resolution in the global prevention of HBV infection.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most commonetiologic agent for infectious liver diseases. It isestimated that there are more than 250 millionchronic HBV carriersin the world today and thereis a significant ...INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most commonetiologic agent for infectious liver diseases. It isestimated that there are more than 250 millionchronic HBV carriersin the world today and thereis a significant association among persistentinfection, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellularcarcinoma[1-3].展开更多
AIM To assess vitamin E efficacy,defined as its ability to induce hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) seroconversion,in children with HBeAg-positive persistent hepatitis.METHODS In July 2016,we extracted articles published i...AIM To assess vitamin E efficacy,defined as its ability to induce hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) seroconversion,in children with HBeAg-positive persistent hepatitis.METHODS In July 2016,we extracted articles published in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library using the following search terms:"chronic hepatitis B","children","childhood","therapy","treatment","vitamin E","tocopherols","tocotrienols".Only randomized controlled trials(RCTs) published in English language were collected.RESULTS Three RCTs met inclusion criteria and were considered in the present meta-analysis.Overall,23/122 children in the treatment group underwent HBeAg seroconversion vs 3/74 in the control group(OR=3.96,95%CI:1.18-13.25,P=0.025).CONCLUSION Although our meta-analysis has several limits,including the very small number of available studies and enrolled children with HBeAg positivity-related hepatitis,it suggests that vitamin E use may enhance the probability to induce HBeAg seroconversion in these patients.Further well designed and adequately sized trials are required to confirm or deny these very preliminary results.展开更多
Prevention of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection with its consequent development of HBV chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma is a global mandatory goal. Fortunately, safe and effective HBV vaccines are cur...Prevention of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection with its consequent development of HBV chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma is a global mandatory goal. Fortunately, safe and effective HBV vaccines are currently available. Universal hepatitis B surface antigen HBV vaccination coverage is almost done. Growing knowledge based upon monitoring and surveillance ofHBV vaccination programs has accumulated and the policy of booster vaccination has been evaluated. This review article provides an overview of the natural history of HBV infection, immune responses and the future of HBV infection. It also summarizes the updated sources, types and uses of HBV vaccines, whether in the preclinical phase or in the post-field vaccination.展开更多
乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)严重威胁人类健康,免疫紊乱是主要病理学机制。由于HBV不能自然感染小鼠,研究者试图创建HBV小鼠模型,以模拟HBV的免疫病理学过程。本文将介绍各种HBV小鼠模型的构建方法,包括HBV转基因技术、HBV病...乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)严重威胁人类健康,免疫紊乱是主要病理学机制。由于HBV不能自然感染小鼠,研究者试图创建HBV小鼠模型,以模拟HBV的免疫病理学过程。本文将介绍各种HBV小鼠模型的构建方法,包括HBV转基因技术、HBV病毒活体肝脏靶向转染技术以及HBV自然感染人源化小鼠技术等,同时还分析了各HBV小鼠模型的优缺点、利用这些模型所解决的一系列免疫学问题,以及该领域的发展展望。展开更多
文摘Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (VHL) is a public health problem, particularly in sub-Sahara Africa. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination coverage against HBV in children in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Brazzaville health centres from January to September 2019. It involved children aged between six months and six years who received a vaccination against HBV. Sampling was exhaustive and based on stratified sampling. Results: The overall prevalence of children vaccinated against HBV in Brazzaville was 96.2%. It was insufficient in the Talangai health district (79%). The pentavalent vaccine was administered to 97.7% of children, 85% of whom had received all three doses. The reasons for incomplete vaccination were parents’ ignorance of HVB (85.6%) and of vaccination (14.3%). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of vaccinated children is high in Brazzaville, it is still insufficient in some health districts, particularly Talangai, because parents are unaware of the disease and of vaccination. Pentavalent is the only vaccine available in the national vaccination programme, which is why an effective national vaccination policy needs to be put in place. .
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still a serious worldwide problem, and vaccination is the most effective strategy for primary prevention of the infection. Although universal vaccination may be required for total eradication, several countries, including Japan, have not yet adopted universal vaccination programs. Some individuals are non-responders to HBV vaccine and several mechanisms responsible for their poor response have been proposed. To overcome non-response, third generation vaccines with pre-S proteins have been developed. These vaccines have shown better antiHBs responses and may also be effective in preventing infection by HBV with S mutant. Improvement of vaccine efficacy by intradermal administration, or coadministration with cytokines or adjuvants, may also be effective in non-responders. The necessity, timing and method of booster vaccination in responders with decreased anti-HBs responses, and effective vaccination against S-mutant HBV, are issues requiring resolution in the global prevention of HBV infection.
基金Project supported by the grant from Science Foundation of Ministry of Health of China, No. 96-1-347.
文摘INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most commonetiologic agent for infectious liver diseases. It isestimated that there are more than 250 millionchronic HBV carriersin the world today and thereis a significant association among persistentinfection, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellularcarcinoma[1-3].
文摘AIM To assess vitamin E efficacy,defined as its ability to induce hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) seroconversion,in children with HBeAg-positive persistent hepatitis.METHODS In July 2016,we extracted articles published in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library using the following search terms:"chronic hepatitis B","children","childhood","therapy","treatment","vitamin E","tocopherols","tocotrienols".Only randomized controlled trials(RCTs) published in English language were collected.RESULTS Three RCTs met inclusion criteria and were considered in the present meta-analysis.Overall,23/122 children in the treatment group underwent HBeAg seroconversion vs 3/74 in the control group(OR=3.96,95%CI:1.18-13.25,P=0.025).CONCLUSION Although our meta-analysis has several limits,including the very small number of available studies and enrolled children with HBeAg positivity-related hepatitis,it suggests that vitamin E use may enhance the probability to induce HBeAg seroconversion in these patients.Further well designed and adequately sized trials are required to confirm or deny these very preliminary results.
文摘Prevention of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection with its consequent development of HBV chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma is a global mandatory goal. Fortunately, safe and effective HBV vaccines are currently available. Universal hepatitis B surface antigen HBV vaccination coverage is almost done. Growing knowledge based upon monitoring and surveillance ofHBV vaccination programs has accumulated and the policy of booster vaccination has been evaluated. This review article provides an overview of the natural history of HBV infection, immune responses and the future of HBV infection. It also summarizes the updated sources, types and uses of HBV vaccines, whether in the preclinical phase or in the post-field vaccination.
文摘乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)严重威胁人类健康,免疫紊乱是主要病理学机制。由于HBV不能自然感染小鼠,研究者试图创建HBV小鼠模型,以模拟HBV的免疫病理学过程。本文将介绍各种HBV小鼠模型的构建方法,包括HBV转基因技术、HBV病毒活体肝脏靶向转染技术以及HBV自然感染人源化小鼠技术等,同时还分析了各HBV小鼠模型的优缺点、利用这些模型所解决的一系列免疫学问题,以及该领域的发展展望。
