This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model for generating the optimal price-maker trading strategy for a wind power producer using virtual bidding,which is a kind of financial tool available in most electrici...This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model for generating the optimal price-maker trading strategy for a wind power producer using virtual bidding,which is a kind of financial tool available in most electricity markets of the United States.In the proposed model,virtual bidding is used to improve the wind power producer’s market power in the dayahead(DA)market by trading at multiple buses,which are not limited to the locations of the wind units.The optimal joint wind power and virtual trading strategy is generated by solving a bi-level nonlinear stochastic optimization model.The upperlevel problem maximizes the total expected profit of the wind power and virtual bidding while using the conditional value at risk(CVa R)for risk management.The lower-level problem represents the clearing process of the DA market.By using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)conditions,duality theory,and big-M method,the bi-level nonlinear stochastic model is firstly transferred into an equivalent single-level stochastic mathematical program with the equilibrium constraints(MPEC)model and then a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model,which can be solved by existing commercial solvers.To reduce the computational cost of solving the proposed stochastic optimization model for large systems,a method of reducing the number of buses considered for virtual bidding is proposed to simplify the stochastic MPEC model by reducing its decision variables and constraints related to virtual bidding.Case studies are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed model and the method of reducing the number of buses considered for virtual bidding.The impacts of the transmission limits,wind unit location,risk aversion parameters,wind power volatility,and wind and virtual capacities on the price-maker trading strategy are also studied through case studies.展开更多
虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)是聚合优化"源-网-荷-储"协调发展的新一代智能控制技术和互动商业模式。针对虚拟电厂内部资源和外部市场对竞标策略的互动影响,提出了考虑购售风险的虚拟电厂双层竞标策略。首先,考虑虚拟...虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)是聚合优化"源-网-荷-储"协调发展的新一代智能控制技术和互动商业模式。针对虚拟电厂内部资源和外部市场对竞标策略的互动影响,提出了考虑购售风险的虚拟电厂双层竞标策略。首先,考虑虚拟电厂对内对外的双侧互动特性,构建了虚拟电厂双层竞标框架;其次,考虑用户效用,建立了用户侧资源对虚拟电厂的下层竞标模型;然后,考虑外部市场的价格不确定性,采用条件风险价值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)量化虚拟电厂购售环节的风险,建立了考虑购售风险的虚拟电厂上层多目标竞标模型;最后,通过算例验证了竞标策略的有效性。展开更多
文摘This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model for generating the optimal price-maker trading strategy for a wind power producer using virtual bidding,which is a kind of financial tool available in most electricity markets of the United States.In the proposed model,virtual bidding is used to improve the wind power producer’s market power in the dayahead(DA)market by trading at multiple buses,which are not limited to the locations of the wind units.The optimal joint wind power and virtual trading strategy is generated by solving a bi-level nonlinear stochastic optimization model.The upperlevel problem maximizes the total expected profit of the wind power and virtual bidding while using the conditional value at risk(CVa R)for risk management.The lower-level problem represents the clearing process of the DA market.By using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)conditions,duality theory,and big-M method,the bi-level nonlinear stochastic model is firstly transferred into an equivalent single-level stochastic mathematical program with the equilibrium constraints(MPEC)model and then a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model,which can be solved by existing commercial solvers.To reduce the computational cost of solving the proposed stochastic optimization model for large systems,a method of reducing the number of buses considered for virtual bidding is proposed to simplify the stochastic MPEC model by reducing its decision variables and constraints related to virtual bidding.Case studies are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed model and the method of reducing the number of buses considered for virtual bidding.The impacts of the transmission limits,wind unit location,risk aversion parameters,wind power volatility,and wind and virtual capacities on the price-maker trading strategy are also studied through case studies.
文摘虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)是聚合优化"源-网-荷-储"协调发展的新一代智能控制技术和互动商业模式。针对虚拟电厂内部资源和外部市场对竞标策略的互动影响,提出了考虑购售风险的虚拟电厂双层竞标策略。首先,考虑虚拟电厂对内对外的双侧互动特性,构建了虚拟电厂双层竞标框架;其次,考虑用户效用,建立了用户侧资源对虚拟电厂的下层竞标模型;然后,考虑外部市场的价格不确定性,采用条件风险价值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)量化虚拟电厂购售环节的风险,建立了考虑购售风险的虚拟电厂上层多目标竞标模型;最后,通过算例验证了竞标策略的有效性。