This paper evaluates the performance of Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) based Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) virtual private network (VPN) in a small to medium sized organization. The demand for security in d...This paper evaluates the performance of Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) based Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) virtual private network (VPN) in a small to medium sized organization. The demand for security in data networks has been increasing owing to the high cyber attacks and potential risks associated with networks spread over distant geographical locations. The MPLS networks ride on the public network backbone that is porous and highly susceptible to attacks and so the need for reliable security mechanisms to be part of the deployment plan. The evaluation criteria concentrated on Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Video conferencing with keen interest in jitter, end to end delivery and general data flow. This study used both structured questionnaire and observation methods. The structured questionnaire was administered to a group of 70 VPN users in a company. This provided the study with precise responses. The observation method was used in data simulations using OPNET Version 14.5 Simulation software. The results show that the IPSec features increase the size of data packets by approximately 9.98% translating into approximately 90.02% effectiveness. The tests showed that the performance metrics are all well within the recommended standards. The IPSec Based MPLS Virtual private network is more stable and secure than one without IPSec.展开更多
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) allows the provisioning of private network services for an organization over a public network such as the Internet. In other words a VPN can transform the characteristics of a public wh...A Virtual Private Network (VPN) allows the provisioning of private network services for an organization over a public network such as the Internet. In other words a VPN can transform the characteristics of a public which may be non-secure network into those of a private secure network through using encrypted tunnels. This work customized a standard VPN to a newly one called EEVPN (Effective Extensive VPN). It transmits a small data size in through a web based system in a reasonable time without affecting the security level. The proposed EEVPN is more effective where it takes small data transmission time with achieving high level of security. Also, the proposed EEVPN is more extensive because it is not built for a specific environment.展开更多
Most of the existing virtual scenarios built for the digital protection of Chinese classical private gardens are too modern in expression style to show the aesthetic significance of their historical period.Considering...Most of the existing virtual scenarios built for the digital protection of Chinese classical private gardens are too modern in expression style to show the aesthetic significance of their historical period.Considering the aesthetic commonality between traditional Chinese landscape paintings and classical private gardens and referring to image style transfer,here,a deep neural network was proposed to transfer the aesthetic style from landscape paintings to the virtual scenario of classical private gardens.The network consisted of two parts:style prediction and style transfer.The style prediction network was used to obtain style representation from style paintings,and the style transfer network was used to transfer style representation to the content scenario.The pre-trained network was then embedded into the scenario rendering pipeline and combined with the screen post-processing method to realise the stylised expression of the virtual scenario.To verify the feasibility of this methodology,a virtual scenario of the Humble Administrator’s Garden was used as the content scenario andfive garden landscape paintings from different time periods and painting styles were selected for the case study.The results demonstrated that this methodology could effectively achieve the aesthetic style transfer of a virtual scenario.展开更多
Traditional virtual private networks（ VPNs） are conditional security. In order to ensure the security and confidentiality of user data transmission,a model of quantum VPN based on Internet protocol security（ IPSec...Traditional virtual private networks（ VPNs） are conditional security. In order to ensure the security and confidentiality of user data transmission,a model of quantum VPN based on Internet protocol security（ IPSec）protocol is proposed. By using quantum keys for key distribution and entangled particles for identity authentication in the network,a secure quantum VPN is relized. The important parameters affecting the performance of the VPN was analyzed. The quantitative relationship between the security key generation rate,the quantum bit error rate（ QBER） and the transmission distance was obtained. The factors that affect the system throughput were also analyzed and simulated. Finally,the influence of the quantum noise channel on the entanglement swapping was analyzed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that,under a limited number of decoy states,with the transmission distance increased from 0 to 112. 5 km,the secure key generation rate was reduced from 5. 63 × 10^-3 to 1. 22 × 10^-5. When the number of decoy states is fixed,the QBER increases dramatically with the increase of the transmission distance,and the maximum reaches 0. 393. Analysis shows that various factors in communication have a significant impact on system throughput. The generation rate of the effective entanglement photon pairs have decisive effect on the system throughput. Therefore,in the process of quantum VPN communication,various parameters of the system should be properly adjusted to communicate within a safe transmission distance,which can effectively improve the reliability of the quantum communication system.展开更多
文摘This paper evaluates the performance of Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) based Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) virtual private network (VPN) in a small to medium sized organization. The demand for security in data networks has been increasing owing to the high cyber attacks and potential risks associated with networks spread over distant geographical locations. The MPLS networks ride on the public network backbone that is porous and highly susceptible to attacks and so the need for reliable security mechanisms to be part of the deployment plan. The evaluation criteria concentrated on Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Video conferencing with keen interest in jitter, end to end delivery and general data flow. This study used both structured questionnaire and observation methods. The structured questionnaire was administered to a group of 70 VPN users in a company. This provided the study with precise responses. The observation method was used in data simulations using OPNET Version 14.5 Simulation software. The results show that the IPSec features increase the size of data packets by approximately 9.98% translating into approximately 90.02% effectiveness. The tests showed that the performance metrics are all well within the recommended standards. The IPSec Based MPLS Virtual private network is more stable and secure than one without IPSec.
文摘A Virtual Private Network (VPN) allows the provisioning of private network services for an organization over a public network such as the Internet. In other words a VPN can transform the characteristics of a public which may be non-secure network into those of a private secure network through using encrypted tunnels. This work customized a standard VPN to a newly one called EEVPN (Effective Extensive VPN). It transmits a small data size in through a web based system in a reasonable time without affecting the security level. The proposed EEVPN is more effective where it takes small data transmission time with achieving high level of security. Also, the proposed EEVPN is more extensive because it is not built for a specific environment.
基金This work was supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 41930104National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2021 YFE0112300+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province under Grant KYCX21_1336China Scholarship Council under Grant 202206860019.
文摘Most of the existing virtual scenarios built for the digital protection of Chinese classical private gardens are too modern in expression style to show the aesthetic significance of their historical period.Considering the aesthetic commonality between traditional Chinese landscape paintings and classical private gardens and referring to image style transfer,here,a deep neural network was proposed to transfer the aesthetic style from landscape paintings to the virtual scenario of classical private gardens.The network consisted of two parts:style prediction and style transfer.The style prediction network was used to obtain style representation from style paintings,and the style transfer network was used to transfer style representation to the content scenario.The pre-trained network was then embedded into the scenario rendering pipeline and combined with the screen post-processing method to realise the stylised expression of the virtual scenario.To verify the feasibility of this methodology,a virtual scenario of the Humble Administrator’s Garden was used as the content scenario andfive garden landscape paintings from different time periods and painting styles were selected for the case study.The results demonstrated that this methodology could effectively achieve the aesthetic style transfer of a virtual scenario.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61172071)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation and Exchange Program in Shaanxi Province,China(2015KW-013)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department,China(16JK1711)
文摘Traditional virtual private networks（ VPNs） are conditional security. In order to ensure the security and confidentiality of user data transmission,a model of quantum VPN based on Internet protocol security（ IPSec）protocol is proposed. By using quantum keys for key distribution and entangled particles for identity authentication in the network,a secure quantum VPN is relized. The important parameters affecting the performance of the VPN was analyzed. The quantitative relationship between the security key generation rate,the quantum bit error rate（ QBER） and the transmission distance was obtained. The factors that affect the system throughput were also analyzed and simulated. Finally,the influence of the quantum noise channel on the entanglement swapping was analyzed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that,under a limited number of decoy states,with the transmission distance increased from 0 to 112. 5 km,the secure key generation rate was reduced from 5. 63 × 10^-3 to 1. 22 × 10^-5. When the number of decoy states is fixed,the QBER increases dramatically with the increase of the transmission distance,and the maximum reaches 0. 393. Analysis shows that various factors in communication have a significant impact on system throughput. The generation rate of the effective entanglement photon pairs have decisive effect on the system throughput. Therefore,in the process of quantum VPN communication,various parameters of the system should be properly adjusted to communicate within a safe transmission distance,which can effectively improve the reliability of the quantum communication system.
