In contrast with English,Chinese addressing system is characterized by the great number coupled with cultural connotations,thus adding to the difficulty in Chinese-English translation.In this paper,the author endeavor...In contrast with English,Chinese addressing system is characterized by the great number coupled with cultural connotations,thus adding to the difficulty in Chinese-English translation.In this paper,the author endeavors to locate the source of differences between Chinese & English addressing terms and seek the cultural connotations and pragmatic equivalence of Chinese addressing terms in translation.展开更多
This thesis aims at exploring meanings of different addresses and their correct and suitable translations in both Chinese and English. After the introduction to the definition and meaning of addresses, the whole thesi...This thesis aims at exploring meanings of different addresses and their correct and suitable translations in both Chinese and English. After the introduction to the definition and meaning of addresses, the whole thesis probes into this problem from two aspects: the reasons which lead to the differences in addresses among relatives in both Chinese and English, and the ways how to translate addresses properly according to the situations. With the exploration, the writer hopes to introduce the cultural differences from the perspective of translations of addresses.展开更多
P2P streaming application must realize network address translation （NAT） traversal. To handle low success ratio of the existing NAT traversal algorithm, UPnP-STUN （UPUN） and port-mapping sample estimation （PMSE）...P2P streaming application must realize network address translation （NAT） traversal. To handle low success ratio of the existing NAT traversal algorithm, UPnP-STUN （UPUN） and port-mapping sample estimation （PMSE） algorithm are recommended in this paper. UPUN is the combination of UPnP and STUN, and PMSE utilizes port mapping samples added by symmetric NAT for different sessions to estimate regularity of port mapping of symmetric NAT, which takes advantage of the Bernoulli law of large numbers. Besides, for the situation that both peers are behind NAT, and to handle heavy relay server load when many inner peers want to communicate with each other, a peer auxiliary-relay （PAR） algorithm is presented. PAR lets outer peers with sufficient bandwidth act as relay servers to alleviate pressure of real server, which could avoid NAT traversal failure caused by single point failure of relay server. Finally, experiments show that the proposed algorithms could improve the success ratio significantly for NAT traversal in P2P streaming application as well as improve P2P streaming application applicability.展开更多
China's splendid achievements and fast development attract the attention of the whole world. The rising of the great power shock the rest countries. More and more people want to know what is happening in this coun...China's splendid achievements and fast development attract the attention of the whole world. The rising of the great power shock the rest countries. More and more people want to know what is happening in this country and what effect it will bring to the world. At the same time, Chinese people have gradually realized the importance of exchanging information with other countries. Under this motivation, the translation of Chinese materials into English becomes necessary and essential. It is an effective way to present China comprehensively. Among all these materials, Government Work Report is one of the most remarkable ones. The translation of it plays a key role to present the image of China to the world. But, compared with State of the Union address, the translation of Government Work Report contains some problems from the perspective of foreignization and domestication theory. This essay will discuss the differences between these two texts at the lexical, syntactic, and discourse level from the angle of foreignization and domestication theory, and give some suggestions to the translation of Government Work Report.展开更多
This paper chooses the Spanish translation of the address to the China-CELAC Forum opening ceremony as a research corpus and adopts Skopos theory and its three basic rules as a theoretical guide to discuss the princip...This paper chooses the Spanish translation of the address to the China-CELAC Forum opening ceremony as a research corpus and adopts Skopos theory and its three basic rules as a theoretical guide to discuss the principles of Spanish translation of the conference address,the features of translation of words and sentences with Chinese characteristics,and the applicability of three rules of Skopos theory to Chinese-Spanish translation of international conference addresses.In Chinese-Spanish translation,the translator should convey the meaning of the source text while meeting the desired needs of the target audience under the guidance of Skopos theory to avert conflict between output content and reader ideology and fulfill cross-cultural communication.展开更多
In America,the 1960s' Civil Rights Movement brought forth a new trend of thought:Political Correctness(PC).The use of PC language is far beyond a single linguistic matter.This paper explores the implication on tra...In America,the 1960s' Civil Rights Movement brought forth a new trend of thought:Political Correctness(PC).The use of PC language is far beyond a single linguistic matter.This paper explores the implication on translation transition in addressing from the semantic perspective and Systemic Functional Linguistics,and finds out the significant cause-that is,the principle of PC pushing behind.展开更多
Stateless translation and stateless double translation/encapsulation technologies （IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E） define the address mapping and protocol translation/encapsulation algorithms between IPv4 and IPv6. IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E...Stateless translation and stateless double translation/encapsulation technologies （IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E） define the address mapping and protocol translation/encapsulation algorithms between IPv4 and IPv6. IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E technologies maintain end-to-end address transparency between IPvd and IPv6 and support communication initiated by IPv4-only or IPv6-only end systems. Therefore, they are the very critical techniques for the IPv4/IPv6 coexistence and transition.展开更多
In this paper, a model of translation gateway is proposed. The communications between IPv4 network and IPv6 network are realized by using the Microsoft intermediate driver technology in environment of Windows 2000.
Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is a type of memory used for high-speed search applications. Due to parallel comparison feature, the CAM memory leads to large power consumption which is caused by frequent pre-charge ...Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is a type of memory used for high-speed search applications. Due to parallel comparison feature, the CAM memory leads to large power consumption which is caused by frequent pre-charge or discharge of match line. In this paper, CAM for automatic charge balancing with self-control mechanism is proposed to control the voltage swing of ML for reducing the power consumption of CAM. Another technique to reduce the power dissipation is to use MSML, it combines the master-slave architecture with charge minimization technique. Unlike the conventional design, only one match line (ML) is used, whereas in Master-Slave Match Line (MSML) one master ML and several slave MLs are used to reduce the power dissipation in CAM caused by match lines (MLs). Theoretically, the match line (ML) reduces the power consumption up to 50% which is independent of search and match case. The simulation results using Cadence tool of MSML show the reduced power consumption in CAM and modified CAM cell.展开更多
文摘In contrast with English,Chinese addressing system is characterized by the great number coupled with cultural connotations,thus adding to the difficulty in Chinese-English translation.In this paper,the author endeavors to locate the source of differences between Chinese & English addressing terms and seek the cultural connotations and pragmatic equivalence of Chinese addressing terms in translation.
文摘This thesis aims at exploring meanings of different addresses and their correct and suitable translations in both Chinese and English. After the introduction to the definition and meaning of addresses, the whole thesis probes into this problem from two aspects: the reasons which lead to the differences in addresses among relatives in both Chinese and English, and the ways how to translate addresses properly according to the situations. With the exploration, the writer hopes to introduce the cultural differences from the perspective of translations of addresses.
基金Supported by the Nat/onal Science and Technology Support Projects of China（No. 2008BAH28B04） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China _（No..60903218F0208） andthe National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China （No. 2008AA01A317）
文摘P2P streaming application must realize network address translation （NAT） traversal. To handle low success ratio of the existing NAT traversal algorithm, UPnP-STUN （UPUN） and port-mapping sample estimation （PMSE） algorithm are recommended in this paper. UPUN is the combination of UPnP and STUN, and PMSE utilizes port mapping samples added by symmetric NAT for different sessions to estimate regularity of port mapping of symmetric NAT, which takes advantage of the Bernoulli law of large numbers. Besides, for the situation that both peers are behind NAT, and to handle heavy relay server load when many inner peers want to communicate with each other, a peer auxiliary-relay （PAR） algorithm is presented. PAR lets outer peers with sufficient bandwidth act as relay servers to alleviate pressure of real server, which could avoid NAT traversal failure caused by single point failure of relay server. Finally, experiments show that the proposed algorithms could improve the success ratio significantly for NAT traversal in P2P streaming application as well as improve P2P streaming application applicability.
文摘China's splendid achievements and fast development attract the attention of the whole world. The rising of the great power shock the rest countries. More and more people want to know what is happening in this country and what effect it will bring to the world. At the same time, Chinese people have gradually realized the importance of exchanging information with other countries. Under this motivation, the translation of Chinese materials into English becomes necessary and essential. It is an effective way to present China comprehensively. Among all these materials, Government Work Report is one of the most remarkable ones. The translation of it plays a key role to present the image of China to the world. But, compared with State of the Union address, the translation of Government Work Report contains some problems from the perspective of foreignization and domestication theory. This essay will discuss the differences between these two texts at the lexical, syntactic, and discourse level from the angle of foreignization and domestication theory, and give some suggestions to the translation of Government Work Report.
文摘This paper chooses the Spanish translation of the address to the China-CELAC Forum opening ceremony as a research corpus and adopts Skopos theory and its three basic rules as a theoretical guide to discuss the principles of Spanish translation of the conference address,the features of translation of words and sentences with Chinese characteristics,and the applicability of three rules of Skopos theory to Chinese-Spanish translation of international conference addresses.In Chinese-Spanish translation,the translator should convey the meaning of the source text while meeting the desired needs of the target audience under the guidance of Skopos theory to avert conflict between output content and reader ideology and fulfill cross-cultural communication.
文摘In America,the 1960s' Civil Rights Movement brought forth a new trend of thought:Political Correctness(PC).The use of PC language is far beyond a single linguistic matter.This paper explores the implication on translation transition in addressing from the semantic perspective and Systemic Functional Linguistics,and finds out the significant cause-that is,the principle of PC pushing behind.
文摘Stateless translation and stateless double translation/encapsulation technologies （IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E） define the address mapping and protocol translation/encapsulation algorithms between IPv4 and IPv6. IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E technologies maintain end-to-end address transparency between IPvd and IPv6 and support communication initiated by IPv4-only or IPv6-only end systems. Therefore, they are the very critical techniques for the IPv4/IPv6 coexistence and transition.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(0511011400) Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Henan Province(2004520014)
文摘In this paper, a model of translation gateway is proposed. The communications between IPv4 network and IPv6 network are realized by using the Microsoft intermediate driver technology in environment of Windows 2000.
文摘Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is a type of memory used for high-speed search applications. Due to parallel comparison feature, the CAM memory leads to large power consumption which is caused by frequent pre-charge or discharge of match line. In this paper, CAM for automatic charge balancing with self-control mechanism is proposed to control the voltage swing of ML for reducing the power consumption of CAM. Another technique to reduce the power dissipation is to use MSML, it combines the master-slave architecture with charge minimization technique. Unlike the conventional design, only one match line (ML) is used, whereas in Master-Slave Match Line (MSML) one master ML and several slave MLs are used to reduce the power dissipation in CAM caused by match lines (MLs). Theoretically, the match line (ML) reduces the power consumption up to 50% which is independent of search and match case. The simulation results using Cadence tool of MSML show the reduced power consumption in CAM and modified CAM cell.
