Aspect based sentiment analysis using multi-criteria decision-making and deep learning under COVID-19 pandemic in India

The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the global economy and health.While the pandemic continues to cause casualties in millions,many countries have gone under lockdown.During this period,people have to stay within walls and become more addicted towards social networks.They express their emotions and sympathy via these online platforms.Thus,popular social media(Twitter and Facebook)have become rich sources of information for Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis on COVID-19-related issues.We have used Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis to anticipate the polarity of public opinion underlying different aspects from Twitter during lockdown and stepwise unlock phases.The goal of this study is to find the feelings of Indians about the lockdown initiative taken by the Government of India to stop the spread of Coronavirus.India-specific COVID-19 tweets have been annotated,for analysing the sentiment of common public.To classify the Twitter data set a deep learning model has been proposed which has achieved accuracies of 82.35%for Lockdown and 83.33%for Unlock data set.The suggested method outperforms many of the contemporary approaches(long shortterm memory,Bi-directional long short-term memory,Gated Recurrent Unit etc.).This study highlights the public sentiment on lockdown and stepwise unlocks,imposed by the Indian Government on various aspects during the Corona outburst.

Perceptions of Collaboration and Satisfaction with Collaboration Regarding Care Decision-Making in Intensive Care Units in Japan: A National Survey

Multi-professional collaboration is being promoted worldwide as a response to the need for sophisticated medical care and for catering to patients’ diverse needs. Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are seriously ill, and their families may be at risk depending on the patient’s situation. Considering these characteristics of patients and families, there is a strong need for multi-professional collaboration within ICUs. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine recognition and other factors related to collaboration and satisfaction involving care decisions in Japanese ICUs. A mail survey about collaboration of activities and systems was sent to physicians, clinical engineers, and nurses working in ICUs in Japan, 387 consented to participate in this study. Results showed that satisfaction scores were generally high among the three aforementioned professions, but collaboration scores on deciding care for patients showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The total collaboration score was the highest among physicians (36.7 ± 6.7 points), followed by nurses (32.8 ± 7.4 points), and CEs (32.8 ± 7.4 points). The factors that commonly affected collaboration scores were the satisfaction score and the ability to collaborate with other professionals and set team medical care as a goal. Moreover, it is worth noting that the degree of difficulty in collaboration negatively affected this factor. On the other hand, other factors differed among the three professions, suggesting that the purpose and need for collaboration differ depending on the profession.

Optimal Selection of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Algorithms

Several models of multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)have identified the optimal alternative electrical energy sources to supply certain load in an isolated region in Al-Minya City,Egypt.The load demand consists of water pumping system with a water desalination unit.Various options containing three different power sources:only DG,PV-B system,and hybrid PV-DG-B,two different sizes of reverse osmosis(RO)units;RO-250 and RO-500,two strategies of energy management;load following(LF)and cycle charging(CC),and two sizes of DG;5 and 10 kW were taken into account.Eight attributes,including operating cost,renewable fraction,initial cost,the cost of energy,excess energy,unmet load,breakeven grid extension distance,and the amount of CO_(2),were used during the evaluation process.To estimate these parameters,HOMER®software was employed to perform both the simulation and optimization process.Four different weight estimation methods were considered;no priority of criteria,based on a pairwise comparisons matrix of the criteria,CRITIC-method,and entropy-based method.The main findings(output results)confirmed that the optimal option for the case study was hybrid PV-DG-B with the following specification:5 kW DG,RO-500,and load following control strategy.Under this condition,the annual operating cost and initial costs were$5546 and$161022,respectively,whereas the cost of energy was 0.077$/kWh.The excess energy and unmet loads were 40998 and 2371 kWh,respectively.The breakeven grid extension distance and the amount of CO_(2) were 3.31 km and 5171 kg per year,respectively.Compared with DG only,the amount of CO_(2) has been sharply reduced by 113939 kg per year.

虚拟编组条件下城轨列车单元灵活运用方法

基于虚拟编组运输组织模式,本文考虑客流时间和空间特征与列车单元实时动态编组之间的耦合关系,协调不同运营方向列车之间的虚拟联挂和虚拟摘解操作,研究虚拟编组条件下城市轨道交通列车单元灵活运用问题。具体地,将列车单元数量分配和周转衔接作为主要决策变量,以极小化总乘客等待时间和系统运营成本为目标,考虑虚拟编组列车单元分配、列车单元周转和乘客分配等约束条件,构建可用CPLEX等软件直接求解的混合整数线性规划模型。最后,以某城市轨道交通线路为例设计数值实验以验证所提方法的有效性。实验结果表明:相较于固定编组(6编组)方案,本文方法可降低约32.8%的总乘客等待时间,同时降低20.9%的系统运营成本;相较于固定编组(8编组)方案,本文方法在仅增加0.3%的总乘客等待时间情况下,降低40.7%的系统运营成本。上述实验结果表明,虚拟编组技术在提升城市轨道交通效率方面的潜在优势,且具有一定的实用价值。

Development of a Decision Aid for Family Surrogate Decision Makers of Critically Ill Patients Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy in ICU:A User-Centered Design for Rapid Prototyping

Objectives Renal replacement therapy(RRT)is increasingly adopted for critically ill patients diagnosed with acute kidney injury,but the optimal time for initiation remains unclear and prognosis is uncertain,leading to medical complexity,ethical conflicts,and decision dilemmas in intensive care unit(ICU)settings.This study aimed to develop a decision aid(DA)for the family surrogate of critically ill patients to support their engagement in shared decision-making process with clinicians.Methods Development of DA employed a systematic process with user-centered design(UCD)principle,which included:(i)competitive analysis:searched,screened,and assessed the existing DAs to gather insights for design strategies,developmental techniques,and functionalities;(ii)user needs assessment:interviewed family surrogates in our hospital to explore target user group's decision-making experience and identify their unmet needs;(iii)evidence syntheses:integrate latest clinical evidence and pertinent information to inform the content development of DA.Results The competitive analysis included 16 relevant DAs,from which we derived valuable insights using existing resources.User decision needs were explored among a cohort of 15 family surrogates,revealing four thematic issues in decision-making,including stuck into dilemmas,sense of uncertainty,limited capacity,and delayed decision confirmation.A total of 27 articles were included for evidence syntheses.Relevant decision making knowledge on disease and treatment,as delineated in the literature sourced from decision support system or clinical guidelines,were formatted as the foundational knowledge base.Twenty-one items of evidence were extracted and integrated into the content panels of benefits and risks of RRT,possible outcomes,and reasons to choose.The DA was drafted into a web-based phototype using the elements of UCD.This platform could guide users in their preparation of decision-making through a sequential four-step process:identifying treatment options,weighing the benefits and risks,clarifying personal preferences and values,and formulating a schedule for formal shared decision-making with clinicians.Conclusions We developed a rapid prototype of DA tailored for family surrogate decision makers of critically ill patients in need of RRT in ICU setting.Future studies are needed to evaluate its usability,feasibility,and clinical effects of this intervention.

“双减”背景下道德与法治大单元作业设计重构探赜

“双减”政策的实施,为大单元作业设计重构指明了方向。道德与法治作为初中阶段的一门基础学科,要紧跟时代发展,立足当下教学实际,积极优化“双减”背景下的作业,全面反映学生的真实情况,促进学生思想道德素养的提高。“双减”背景下的道德与法治大单元作业设计重构,可采取以下策略:立足单元整体,创新作业思路;优化作业重构路径,丰富单元作业设计;构建多元评价体系,完善单元作业服务。

Clinical decision making on the use of physical restraint in intensive care units

Physical restraint is a common nursing intervention in intensive care units and nurses often use it to ensure patients'safety and to prevent unexpected accidents.However,existing literature indicated that the use of physical restraint is a complex one because of inadequate rationales,the negative physical and emotional effects on patients,but the lack of perceived alternatives.This paper is aimed to interpret the clinical decision-making theories related to the use of physical restraint in intensive care units in order to facilitate our understanding on the use of physical restraint and to evaluate the quality of decisions made by nurses.By reviewing the literature,intuition and heuristics are the main decision-making strategies related to the use of physical restraint in intensive care units because the rapid and reflexive nature of intuition and heuristics allow nurses to have a rapid response to urgent and emergent cases.However,it is problematic if nurses simply count their decision-making on experience rather than incorporate research evidence into clinical practice because of inadequate evidence to support the use of physical restraint.Besides that,such a rapid response may lead nurses to make decisions without adequate assessment and thinking and therefore biases and errors may be generated.Therefore,despite the importance of intuition and heuristics in decision-making in acute settings on the use of physical restraint,it is recommended that nurses should incorporate research evidence with their experience to make decisions and adequate assessment before implementing physical restraint is also necessary.

Vigilance in Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units

Background and Aim: Vigilance is an essential element in intensive care nursing. This study was conducted to determine nursing vigilance in nurses working in the intensive care units of educational and medical centers in Ardabil, Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study with 192 ICU nurses as the participants. The data were obtained through questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics and nursing vigilance. SPSS software version 24 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The mean total vigilance score was 3.86 ± 0.23 of 5. The mean scores of the timely diagnosis of changes, pattern recognition, and clinical decision-making subscales were 4.07 ± 0.26, 04.04 ± 0.41, and 3.44 ± 0.25, respectively. No significant relationships were observed between the total or subscale vigilance scores and other demographic characteristics. Conclusion: We assessed ICU nurses’ vigilance behaviors and found that their mean vigilance score was higher than the expected average, indicating our participants had a high level of clinical vigilance. These results suggest a need for effective educational interventions to boost clinical decision-making skills in ICU nurses, especially younger nurses.

基于虚拟决策单元的排序模型

本文给出了一种新的决策单元排序方法。基于经典的C2R模型,通过引入一个虚拟的决策单元,形成了一个新的排序模型,按照相对效率值的大小实现了决策单元的排序。实验表明,新排序方法不仅能较好地反映C2R模型的计算结果,而且可避免超效率方法造成的相对效率值偏大的弊端。新的排序方法依据充分、简单方便,同时体现了整体的决策效率。

湘南传统人居文化论

湘南传统人居的宜居环境深深地渗透着中国传统文化。村落的族居特点,祖宗崇拜的至高无上,象征着父系制度的男权政治。湘南人居村落的治理目标,基本上以儒家文化为中心的德治,德治的依据为礼。其统治的最高目标是达到当时的社会和谐。湘南人居的建筑装饰的文化取向,主要是儒家文化的中庸。这种中庸文化的审美取向,是达到人与自然、人与建筑的平衡与稳定,但也容易形成机械式的既定格式。湘南人居村落民俗文化具有兼容性,形成了丰富多采的各民族和而不同的民俗民风。

“法治”、“德治”相统一 治国方略新境界

人类社会的治国方略大体经历了“人治———法治”两个阶段 ,按照内在规律应该向着“法治和德治有机统一”的阶段发展。江泽民为核心的党中央在领导我国建设有中国特色社会主义法治国家的过程中 ,及时提出“以德治国” ,是人类治国方略的新境界。对于中华民族的长治久安和复兴与发展 ,具有重要的理论意义和现实指导意义。

一种基于虚拟决策单元的排序方法的完善和扩展

本文对文[1]中提出的基于虚拟决策单元的排序方法进行了完善和扩展。首先,根据CCR模型,给出了两类特殊的DEA模型,分别是仅有投入数据的DEA模型和仅有产出数据的DEA模型;其次,基于这两个模型,应用上述方法实现了对仅有投入(或产出)数据的决策单元的排序;第三,给出了排序方法中参数a的计算方法;最后,通过修正排序模型,有效提高了排序方法的计算精度。改进后的排序方法避免了两个决策单元因为相对效率值过小而不能排序的情形,其应用范围也进一步扩大。

混合政体与公民美德——美国宪法共和主义的内在张力及出路

共和主义是美国宪法的原旨,渊源于罗马共和国的混合政体是美国宪法共和主义的内核所在。混合政体的智慧、美德、自由三要素之间存在一种必然的内在张力。公民美德是维持三者间均衡的关键。公民美德的脆弱性导致共和国命运的飘摇不定。美国宪法共和主义以更强的制度偏好控制公民美德的衰败,激发公民美德的生长,从而更好地维持了混合政体的均衡与共和政体的稳定。

晋察冀边区统一战线研究问题述论--对近20年相关文献研读的学术思考

"晋察冀边区统一战线"与"晋察冀边区的统一战线"作为学术概念的内涵不同,主要在于历史时间的设定与历史文化不同阶段的表现;近20年有关聂荣臻晋察冀边区统一战线实践研究的不足,主要在于历史时间与历史文化的含混;彭真与聂荣臻有关边区统一战线的工作报告都有毛泽东统战思想应用的实践理性特征,具有不可替代的中国革命史文献价值;聂荣臻晋察冀边区德治实践的理论源头,在于毛泽东的德治统战思想。

单元视域下小学音乐学科育人价值的实践研究--以沪教版五年级《深深的祝福》单元为例

本文根据上海小学音乐学科开展基于课程标准的单元整体教学实践研究的要求,立足单元视角,以五年级《深深的祝福》这一单元为例,以核心素养的培养为导向,开展小学音乐学科育人价值的研究。文章从研究的背景、研究的必要性以及有效途径展开叙述,并做了深入思考。只有从整体上把握音乐学科的学科特性,明确育人途径,设计行之有效的活动为育人载体,才能真正把握学科育人的内涵,彰显音乐学科的育人价值。

Probabilistic Automata-Based Method for Enhancing Performance of Deep Reinforcement Learning Systems

Deep reinforcement learning(DRL) has demonstrated significant potential in industrial manufacturing domains such as workshop scheduling and energy system management.However, due to the model's inherent uncertainty, rigorous validation is requisite for its application in real-world tasks. Specific tests may reveal inadequacies in the performance of pre-trained DRL models, while the “black-box” nature of DRL poses a challenge for testing model behavior. We propose a novel performance improvement framework based on probabilistic automata,which aims to proactively identify and correct critical vulnerabilities of DRL systems, so that the performance of DRL models in real tasks can be improved with minimal model modifications.First, a probabilistic automaton is constructed from the historical trajectory of the DRL system by abstracting the state to generate probabilistic decision-making units(PDMUs), and a reverse breadth-first search(BFS) method is used to identify the key PDMU-action pairs that have the greatest impact on adverse outcomes. This process relies only on the state-action sequence and final result of each trajectory. Then, under the key PDMU, we search for the new action that has the greatest impact on favorable results. Finally, the key PDMU, undesirable action and new action are encapsulated as monitors to guide the DRL system to obtain more favorable results through real-time monitoring and correction mechanisms. Evaluations in two standard reinforcement learning environments and three actual job scheduling scenarios confirmed the effectiveness of the method, providing certain guarantees for the deployment of DRL models in real-world applications.

Application of Transformed Two-Stage Network DEA to Strategic Design of Biofuel Supply Chain Network

This paper proposes an innovative procedure for designing efficient biomass-biofuel logistics networks(BBLNs).This procedure is based on the two-stage network data envelopment analysis(TSN-DEA)models that have been developed to provide specific process guidance for the managers to improve the efficiency of the decision-making unit(DMU)with the TSN process.The crucial issue of the TSN-DEA is that the overall efficiency score depends on the DMUs under evaluation.Thus,the rankings for the DMUs generated by the TSN-DEA model are inconsistent.As a result,the TSN-DEA-based ranking methods are limited.The TSN-DEA’s inconsistency frequently makes it difficult for decision-makers to select the top-rated DMUs.We develop the transformed TSN(T-TSN)DEA method by applying the multi-criteria DEA model to overcome this issue.The proposed method transforms the DMUs with any number of inputs,intermediate measures,and outputs in the TSN process,through the multi-objective programming model with a minimax objective approach,into the DMUs with two inputs and one output in the single-stage network(SSN)process.Then,the well-known DEA methods for the SSN,such as the cross-efficiency and super-efficiency DEA methods,can be applied to evaluate and rank the transformed DMUs more consistently.We exhibit the applicability of the proposed approach for the BBLN design problem.A case study of South Carolina in the USA demonstrates that the proposed method performs well in identifying efficient BBLN schemes more consistently than the traditional TSN-DEA.

从《易经证释》看易辞、易象中的以人合天之道

《周易》卦爻辞的背后是卦爻象,卦爻象的背后是圣人之意。据《易经证释》可知,圣人之意告诉我们如何通过自修而与天道相合,这正是圣人作《易》的本旨所在。文王六十四卦卦序体现的是由先天太极至两仪(乾坤二元),再由乾坤交合产生万事万物,即由先天八卦至后天八卦及六十四卦的生化过程及规律,其所蕴含的"圣人之意"乃是教人由德返道、后天返先天之意。乾卦"元亨利贞"四字所显之乾象为全象,又为圆象,统御一切,无内外,无始终,而人则需先"利贞"才能最终达至"元亨"。乾主气,为道之全,坤主形而包于天,故坤虽具四德而受时地所限。人应本坤道而顺承天,由"利贞"而返"元亨"。临卦处"成终成始"之位,在春之先,故备具乾坤四德;屯、随、无妄、革等卦之二、五两爻因孚乾坤正位,故亦备具乾坤四德。如果明了《大学》内止至善、外明明德之说,《中庸》中和、不息之境,自不难理解《易经》"各正性命""保合太和"即以人合天之旨。

Application of Integrated Multiple Criteria Data Envelopment Analysis to Humanitarian Logistics Network Design

This paper considers a humanitarian logistics network(HTLN)design problem,including the emergency relief facilities(ERFs)location-allocation decision for the efficient distribution of emergency supplies from the ERFs to the affected areas.A goal programming(GP)approach is applied to consider the multiple objectives simultaneously.Solving the GP model with a given weight assigned to each goal yields a single HTLN scheme,so there will be various schemes available by solving the GP with multiple values of the weights.For evaluating these schemes and identifying the most efficient one,we apply the data envelopment analysis(DEA)methods considering each scheme as a decision-making unit(DMU).Since the classical DEA(C-DEA)intrinsically aims to identify efficient DMUs and the efficient frontier,the use of C-DEA may not lead to a full ranking in many situations.There are several independent evaluation approaches to increasing discriminating power.Among them,this study integrates the multiple criteria DEA(MC-DEA)with the following three DEA methods,(i)stratification DEA(S^DEA),(ii)cross-efficiency DEA(CE-DEA),and(iii)super-efficiency DEA(SE-DEA),to make the most use of each method's strengths.Through a case study of designing the HTLN system for South Carolina,the procedure of implementing the integrated multiple criteria DEA(IMC-DEA)method is demonstrated.It is observed that the IMCDEA method performs well in terms of designing the HTLN system and would help the decision-makers consider more efficient options and make a final decision.

Efficiency measurement of fertilizer-manufacturing organizations usingFuzzy data envelopment analysis

The aim of the paper is to benchmark the performance of the Indian fertilizermanufacturing organizations based on the ranking of efficiencies using a fuzzy data envelopment analysis(FDEA).FDEA has been used to find the relative efficiency and ranking of the fertilizer-manufacturing organizations.The last few years’data have been converted into the fuzzy inputs and outputs as minimum,mean,and maximum values,respectively.The performance of the fertilizer manufacturing organizations is based on the output maximization model of DEA.The frontier organizations set the benchmark for the lagging organizations for further improvement in the performance.This method can also be used to incorporate the data of the several years for multiple inputs and outputs instead of consideration of data of only one year.The proposed approach in this study may help organizations to improve its efficiency to fulfill its goal.