Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not complet...Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.展开更多
Co-infections of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by bacterial and viral pathogens are considered to be rare. Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) reactivation following Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is wel...Co-infections of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by bacterial and viral pathogens are considered to be rare. Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) reactivation following Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is well described but most cases are related to oral or cutaneous lesions or in respiratory samples. HSV-1 CNS reactivation after Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis is a very rare event and may have significant morbidity and mortality. In this case report, we describe a 71-year-old female patient that presented with a history of abdominal pain and confusion/disorientation that had tonic-clonic seizures while in the Emergency Department. The diagnostic work-up confirmed CNS co-infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and HSV-1. Of note, beyond age, the patient had no known risk factors for both entities and recovered fully after antibiotic and antiviral therapy. This case underlines that clinicians must be aware of CNS co-infection despite being a rare diagnosis. This should be suspected particularly in patients who present an unusual clinical course of CNS infection.展开更多
Objective:To systematically evaluate the relationship between herpes simplex virus type II(HSV-2)infection in pregnant women and the adverse pregnancy outcomes(preterm delivery,spontaneous abortion,stillbirth,monstrum...Objective:To systematically evaluate the relationship between herpes simplex virus type II(HSV-2)infection in pregnant women and the adverse pregnancy outcomes(preterm delivery,spontaneous abortion,stillbirth,monstrum,low birth weight,intrauterine growth retardation,premature rupture of membranes),so as to provide clinical guidance for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by HSV-2 infection in pregnant women.Methods:2140 articles were collected from PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and other databases for the past 20 years.According to the inclusion criteria,the literatures about the relationship between HSV-2 infection of pregnant women and adverse pregnancy outcomes were screened.The effect model was determined by heterogeneity test results,and the meta-analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 software.Results:The results of meta-analysis showed that the positive rate of HSV-2 was higher in the adverse pregnancy group than in the control group(odds ratio[OR]:7.92,95%confidence interval[Cl]:3.91-16.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:HSV-2 infection will increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Prevention and effective control of HSV-2 infection in early pregnancy can reduce the rate of adverse pregnancy outcome,which is of great significance to the promotion of eugenics.展开更多
Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent unin...Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent uninfected corneal epithelial cells as the source of interferon-a. We also report mice deficient in the A1 chain of the type I IFN receptor (CDl18-/) are extremely sensitive to ocular infection with low doses (100 PFU) of HSV-1 as seen by significantly elevated viral titers in the cornea Compared to wild type (WT) controls. The enhanced susceptibil- ity correlated with a loss of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recruitment and aberrant chemokine production in the cornea despite mounting an adaptive immune response in the draining mandibular lymph node of CDll8/ mice. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of IFN production in both the innate immune response as well as eliciting chemokine production required to facilitate adaptive immune cell trafficking.展开更多
To determine the genomic sequence of a duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1) strain, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR) assay based on SYBR Green I technology was developed to target 3D gene ...To determine the genomic sequence of a duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1) strain, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR) assay based on SYBR Green I technology was developed to target 3D gene of DHV-1, Comparative sequence analysis showed that the genome has a typical picornarivus genetic organization, and strain DHV-1 R genetic organaiztion is 5' untranslated region (UTR)-VP0-VP3-VPI-2A1-2A2-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C-3D-3' UTR, DHV-1 R has close relationship with Parechovirus, and has 95.1-99.1% nucleotide sequence identity with other DHV-1 strains. Based on the DHV-1 sequences in GenBank, three pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify DHV-1 using real-time PCR. The results showed that real-time PCR Tm value is 85.6℃ and the real-time PCR provides a broad dynamic range, detecting from 102 to 109 copies of DHV-1 cDNA per reaction. No cross-reactions were found in specimens containing DPV, AIV and NDV. It is concluded that DHV-1 belongs to a new group of the family Picornaviridae that may form a separate genus most closely related to the genus Parechovirus. All results showed that the real-time PCR has high sensitivity and specificity to detect DHV-1 using SYBR Green I dissociation curve analysis, isolates can be distinguished by their melting temperature. These methods are rapid, sensitive, and reliable, and can be readily adapted for detection of DHV-1 from other clinical samples.展开更多
The PSV?NS3, an expressing recombinant plasmid of dengue virus type 2 NS3 protein, was injected directly into the quadriceps of Balb/C mice to explore whether it could inducing immune response. The splenic T cell subs...The PSV?NS3, an expressing recombinant plasmid of dengue virus type 2 NS3 protein, was injected directly into the quadriceps of Balb/C mice to explore whether it could inducing immune response. The splenic T cell subsets of two groups was analysed by flow cytometry. It was found that the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The titer of IgG antibody was as high as 1∶5 120 in experimental group, but it couldn’t be detected in control group by ELISA. The western blot further proved that the IgG antibody was specific for NS3 protein. Those results Suggested that inoculation Balb/C mice with PSV?NS3 could inducing immune response, and the NS3 protein might be used as the candidate protein of DNA vaccine of dengue virus.展开更多
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus(HSV)is a highly infectious pathogen that is easily transmitted via the bodily fluids of an infected individual.This virus usually affects individuals older than six months of age,and ra...BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus(HSV)is a highly infectious pathogen that is easily transmitted via the bodily fluids of an infected individual.This virus usually affects individuals older than six months of age,and rarely causes lesions or symptoms in younger patients.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a five-month-old healthy girl who presented with painful herpetic gingivostomatitis and perioral vesicles.We discuss the pathophysiology of primary HSV infection and the effect of maternal antibodies on the infant’s immune system.In addition,we explain the diagnosis,management,and prognosis of HSV infection in young infants.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and management of HSV infections to decrease the risk of developing severe complications and death.展开更多
There are some Indications thtt herpes aimplex virus (HSV) may be mutagenic. Specific chromosomal changes have also been demonstrated In cultured cells infected with HSV. To further Investigate the mutagenic activity ...There are some Indications thtt herpes aimplex virus (HSV) may be mutagenic. Specific chromosomal changes have also been demonstrated In cultured cells infected with HSV. To further Investigate the mutagenic activity of HSV type 2 (HSV-2) we used mouse skin as a model system for cardnogenetls. Inoculation of the back skin of 4-week-old Sencar mke with live virus twice per week for one week or with Inactivated virus twice per week for two weeks was used to Initiate the mouse akin. After Initiation with HSV-2, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetale(TPA) was applied twice weekly for 50 weeks as a promoter. During a period of 52 weeks, no skin carcinoma was found In the experimental groups, whereas 55% of control mice treated with 9, 10-dlmethy1-1, 2- benzanthracene (DMBA ) and then with TPA-developed skin carcinoma. The results demonstrate that HSV-2 could not substitute for DMBA in this animal model of two-stage skin carcinogenesis.展开更多
The possibility of infection of the human male genital tract by human herpes virus type 2 (HSV2) or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is well established and their sexual transmission has been the object of many studies. M...The possibility of infection of the human male genital tract by human herpes virus type 2 (HSV2) or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is well established and their sexual transmission has been the object of many studies. Moreover, medically assisted procreation, which helps in numerous fertility problems, raises the question of new viral risks linked to the application of these new technologies. In this review, we shall consider current knowledge in terms of the presence of HSV 2 and HCMV in the different parts of the genital tract of immunocompetent or immunodepressed men. We shall also consider the possibility of viral transmission by the sexual act or by the various techniques used in medically assisted procreation. We shall describe studies in human beings and in animals.展开更多
The specimens of 111 cervical carcinomas. 68 chronic cervicitis and 43 normal cervical exfoliated epithelial cells were examined for the presence of HSV2 DNA sequences with DNA hybridization using HSV2 BgL Ⅱ N fragm...The specimens of 111 cervical carcinomas. 68 chronic cervicitis and 43 normal cervical exfoliated epithelial cells were examined for the presence of HSV2 DNA sequences with DNA hybridization using HSV2 BgL Ⅱ N fragment probe labelled by 32PdCTP. The result showed that the infection rates of HSV2 in the samples of cervical cancer.chronic cervicitis and normal epithelial cells were 1 4. 41 %(16/111). 27.94%( 19/68) and 25.58% ( 11/43),respectively. It was implied that early stages carcinogenesis of cervical epithelial cells might be correlated with the HSV2 infection.Sixteen HSV 2 positive samples of cervical carcinomas were also examined for the presence of the sequences homologous to human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6B/11. 16 and 18 DNA using dot blot hybridization (Tm17℃). The result indicated that 13 out of 16 were HPV 16 DNA hybridization positive accounting for 81. 2% of all HSV-2 positive samples and none of them were positive for HPV type 6B/11 and 18. The result indicated that double infection of HSV 2 and HPV16 in the same cervical carcinoma tissues may provide a strong evidence of the viral synergistic interaction in the induction of female cervical展开更多
The infections of human papilloma virus (HPV),herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to human cervical epithelium are universal and some of them are associated with the development of cervica...The infections of human papilloma virus (HPV),herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to human cervical epithelium are universal and some of them are associated with the development of cervical carcinomas. One hundred and eleven cervical cancer biopsies taken from Beijing area and Xiangyuan county in Shanxi province of China were examined for the presence of DNA sequences of HPV, HSV-2 and EBV by means of Dot blot hybridization. The experiment results showed that the total infectious rates of HPV, HSV-2 and EBV were 71.17% (79/111), 14.44%(16/111) and 15.63% (15/96), respectively. Seventy-nine samples positive for HPV were further analysed for the viral types distribution, the result indicated that the positive specimens of HPV type 16 accounted for 72.15%, otherwise, the biopsies positive for HPV type 18and 6B/11 only accounted for 16-46% and 11.39%,respectively. The data suggested that HPV infection,especially HPV type 16, may play an important role in the development of cervical carcinomas- 16 specimens positive for HSV-2 were examined for HPV DNAsequences and the result uncovered that 13 out of them were HPV16 positive (81.25%), 11 samples containing EBV genomes were also examined for HPV DNA sequences and the result indicated that 9 of 11 were detectable for HPV DNA. The experiment results proved a direct evtidence of multi-virus infection in cervix and of the synergistic interaction among viruses in the process of cervical epithelial carcinogenesis.Comparing of the viruses' infection of two areas, the frequencies of HPV infection in Beijing and Xiangyuan areas were 72.84% (59/ 81) and 66.67% (20/30) , the infectious rates of HSV-2 in the two areas were 8.64%(7/81) and 30% (9/30) (P<0.05), the rates of EBV infection in the two areas were 12.5% (10/80) and 31.25% (5/16)(0.1>P>0.05). The results proved another strong evidence that the high incidence of cervical cancer in Xiangyuan county may be closely correlated with multiviruses infection and with multi-virus synergistic interaction.展开更多
Objective: To explore the functions and mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type I(HSV-1) while infecting human oral epithelial cells in vitro(being similar to the infection in vivo). Methods:An abundance of HSV-...Objective: To explore the functions and mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type I(HSV-1) while infecting human oral epithelial cells in vitro(being similar to the infection in vivo). Methods:An abundance of HSV-1 strains amplified in Vero cells were used to infect human oral epithelial cells. The culture supernatant was collected to infect Vero cells again. Morphology of HSV-1 was identified by inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope. Nucleic acid of the virus was detected by PCR. Results:The infected human oral epithelial cells didn' t display an obvious cytopathic effect(CPE) under inverted microscope(while Vero cells which were infected by the culture supernatant showed typical(CPE). The virus particles were not observed in the cytoplasm nor in nucleus of human oral epithelial cells, however under transmission electron microscope in the cytoplasm of Vero cells, the nucleic acid of HSV-1 could be detected in infected human oral epithelial cells, by PCR. Conclusion-HSV-1 can successfully infect human oral epithelial cells. This model may provide a useful approach for studying the pathogenesis of herpes virus-associated periodontal disease.展开更多
Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(BPIV3) is considered as one of the most important respiratory tract pathogens of both young and adult cattle, and widespread among cattle in the world. BPIV3 was first reported in C...Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(BPIV3) is considered as one of the most important respiratory tract pathogens of both young and adult cattle, and widespread among cattle in the world. BPIV3 was first reported in China in 2008 and four strains of BPIV3 were isolated from Shandong Province, known as genotype C(BPIV3c). Pathogen investigations had shown that BPIV3 c infection was very common among cattle in China. To date, BPIV3 can be classified into genotypes A, B and C based on genetic and phylogenetic analysis. Serological survey also demonstrates that BPIV3 infection is widespread in China, however, there is still no available vaccine for BPIV3 prevention in China nowadays. In the present study, the BPIV3 c strain SD0835 was continuously passaged on Madin-Darby bovine kidney(MDBK) cells for hundreds of times, and the pathogenicity of passage 209 was reduced in guinea pigs. The passage 209 of BPIV3 c strain SD0835 was used as a live vaccine candidate to immunize the guinea pigs. The vaccination results revealed that two vaccinations could induce excellent serum neutralizing antibody responses as well as proliferation of T lymphocytes. The vaccinated guinea pigs were well protected against challenge with a low passage of BPIV3 c strain SD0835. Additionally, the percentages of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cell subsets of animals in vaccinated group increased after immunization; T cell subsets on day 2 after challenge in both groups decreased, and the decline of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cell subsets levels of four guinea pigs in vaccinated group was relatively moderate, comparing with that of the control group. These data support further testing of the attenuated virus as an effective candidate vaccine.展开更多
Objective: The objective of the study is to verify the clinical validity of the following kits with the comparative experimental analysis and evaluate whether their performance can meet the clinical requirements, i.e....Objective: The objective of the study is to verify the clinical validity of the following kits with the comparative experimental analysis and evaluate whether their performance can meet the clinical requirements, i.e. Class III in vitro diagnostic reagent “Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type II Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (PCR-Fluorescence Probe Method)” of Daan Gene Co., Ltd. (Daan kit for short) and “Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type II Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR Method)” of Wuhan Biot Gene Co., Ltd. (Biot kit for short). Method: In the study process, the samples were divided into positive and negative groups according to the control test results, and the clinical application performance of Daan kit and Biot kit was evaluated by comparing their test results. Results: The results show that two kits indicate the same test results, i.e. 26 positive and 107 negative samples in a total of 133 male urethral discharge samples, and 32 positive and 238 negative samples in a total of 270 female cervical secretion samples. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the clinical test that Daan and Biot Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type II Nuc- leic Acid Test Kits are reliable, accurate, safe, convenient for use, stable and high-value in the clinical application.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Previous studies of curcumin have focused mainly on its cytotoxic properties for antitumor therapy. There are few studies addressing the application of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of nervous ...BACKGROUND: Previous studies of curcumin have focused mainly on its cytotoxic properties for antitumor therapy. There are few studies addressing the application of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases. OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of curcumin against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced neuronal damage in the rat hippocampus and to explore the intervention effect of curcumin on Ca^2+ influx following neuronal damage. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A cell morphological and physiological study was performed at the Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, China, from December 2006 to June 2007. MATERIALS: Curcumin (Sigma, USA) and TNF-α (Sigma, USA) were used in this study. METHODS: Hippocampal neurons were isolated from one-day neonatal rats and primarily cultured for 5 days. Following this they received 1 pmol/L curcumin and 100 ng/mL TNF-a pre-treatment. Dynamic morphological changes were observed for 1 hour by inverted microscopy. At 48 hours post-treatment, static morphological characteristics of the neurons were observed using inverted microscopy. Subsequently, hippocampal neurons were primarily cultured for 7 days, after receiving 1 pmol/L curcumJn and 4.5 ng/mL TNF-a pre-treatment. Intracellular free Ca^2+ was measured using Fluo 3/acetoxymethyl ester. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of curcumin on TNF-a-induced neuronal damage and Ca^2+ influx in the rat hippocampus were measured. RESULTS: Following curcumin treatment, TNF-a-induced neurons grew as normal. TNF-a induced a rapid Ca^2+ influx into the neuronal cytoplasm; however, Ca2+ fluorescence intensity only slightly increased when neurons were co-perfused with curcumin and TNF-α. CONCLUSION: Curcumin has a protective effect on rat hippocampal neurons possibly by reducing the TNF-α-induced rapid Ca^2+ influx into neuronal cytoplasm and by maintaining the Ca^2+ homeostasis.展开更多
Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)causes lifelong infections worldwide,and currently there is no efficient cure or vaccine.HSV-1-derived tools,such as neuronal circuit tracers and oncolytic viruses,have been used exte...Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)causes lifelong infections worldwide,and currently there is no efficient cure or vaccine.HSV-1-derived tools,such as neuronal circuit tracers and oncolytic viruses,have been used exten-sively;however,further genetic engineering of HSV-1 is hindered by its complex genome structure.In the present study,we designed and constructed a synthetic platform for HSV-1 based on H129-G4.The complete genome was constructed from 10 fragments through 3 rounds of synthesis using transformation-associated recombination(TAR)in yeast,and was named H129-Syn-G2.The H129-Syn-G2 genome contained two copies of the gfp gene and was transfected into cells to rescue the virus.According to growth curve assay and electron microscopy results,the synthetic viruses exhibited more optimized growth properties and similar morphogenesis compared to the parental virus.This synthetic platform will facilitate further manipulation of the HSV-1 genome for the devel-opment of neuronal circuit tracers,oncolytic viruses,and vaccines.展开更多
基金supported by UniversitàCattolica(D1 intramural funds to RP)Italian Ministry of University and Research(PRIN 2022ZYLB7B,P2022YW7BP funds to CG).
文摘Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.
文摘Co-infections of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by bacterial and viral pathogens are considered to be rare. Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) reactivation following Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is well described but most cases are related to oral or cutaneous lesions or in respiratory samples. HSV-1 CNS reactivation after Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis is a very rare event and may have significant morbidity and mortality. In this case report, we describe a 71-year-old female patient that presented with a history of abdominal pain and confusion/disorientation that had tonic-clonic seizures while in the Emergency Department. The diagnostic work-up confirmed CNS co-infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and HSV-1. Of note, beyond age, the patient had no known risk factors for both entities and recovered fully after antibiotic and antiviral therapy. This case underlines that clinicians must be aware of CNS co-infection despite being a rare diagnosis. This should be suspected particularly in patients who present an unusual clinical course of CNS infection.
基金supported in part by grants from Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Xi'an Medical University,China(2021TD14)Industrialization Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education,China(20JC031)the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University,China(XYFYPT-2021-02).
文摘Objective:To systematically evaluate the relationship between herpes simplex virus type II(HSV-2)infection in pregnant women and the adverse pregnancy outcomes(preterm delivery,spontaneous abortion,stillbirth,monstrum,low birth weight,intrauterine growth retardation,premature rupture of membranes),so as to provide clinical guidance for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by HSV-2 infection in pregnant women.Methods:2140 articles were collected from PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and other databases for the past 20 years.According to the inclusion criteria,the literatures about the relationship between HSV-2 infection of pregnant women and adverse pregnancy outcomes were screened.The effect model was determined by heterogeneity test results,and the meta-analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 software.Results:The results of meta-analysis showed that the positive rate of HSV-2 was higher in the adverse pregnancy group than in the control group(odds ratio[OR]:7.92,95%confidence interval[Cl]:3.91-16.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:HSV-2 infection will increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Prevention and effective control of HSV-2 infection in early pregnancy can reduce the rate of adverse pregnancy outcome,which is of great significance to the promotion of eugenics.
基金supported by USPHS grant (No. AI053108) to DanielJ.J. CarrP20 (No. RR017703)+1 种基金an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindnesssupported by NIAID training grant(No. AI007633)
文摘Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent uninfected corneal epithelial cells as the source of interferon-a. We also report mice deficient in the A1 chain of the type I IFN receptor (CDl18-/) are extremely sensitive to ocular infection with low doses (100 PFU) of HSV-1 as seen by significantly elevated viral titers in the cornea Compared to wild type (WT) controls. The enhanced susceptibil- ity correlated with a loss of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recruitment and aberrant chemokine production in the cornea despite mounting an adaptive immune response in the draining mandibular lymph node of CDll8/ mice. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of IFN production in both the innate immune response as well as eliciting chemokine production required to facilitate adaptive immune cell trafficking.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China (5006678)the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To determine the genomic sequence of a duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1) strain, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR) assay based on SYBR Green I technology was developed to target 3D gene of DHV-1, Comparative sequence analysis showed that the genome has a typical picornarivus genetic organization, and strain DHV-1 R genetic organaiztion is 5' untranslated region (UTR)-VP0-VP3-VPI-2A1-2A2-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C-3D-3' UTR, DHV-1 R has close relationship with Parechovirus, and has 95.1-99.1% nucleotide sequence identity with other DHV-1 strains. Based on the DHV-1 sequences in GenBank, three pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify DHV-1 using real-time PCR. The results showed that real-time PCR Tm value is 85.6℃ and the real-time PCR provides a broad dynamic range, detecting from 102 to 109 copies of DHV-1 cDNA per reaction. No cross-reactions were found in specimens containing DPV, AIV and NDV. It is concluded that DHV-1 belongs to a new group of the family Picornaviridae that may form a separate genus most closely related to the genus Parechovirus. All results showed that the real-time PCR has high sensitivity and specificity to detect DHV-1 using SYBR Green I dissociation curve analysis, isolates can be distinguished by their melting temperature. These methods are rapid, sensitive, and reliable, and can be readily adapted for detection of DHV-1 from other clinical samples.
基金Supported by Foundation of American Chinese Medicine
文摘The PSV?NS3, an expressing recombinant plasmid of dengue virus type 2 NS3 protein, was injected directly into the quadriceps of Balb/C mice to explore whether it could inducing immune response. The splenic T cell subsets of two groups was analysed by flow cytometry. It was found that the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The titer of IgG antibody was as high as 1∶5 120 in experimental group, but it couldn’t be detected in control group by ELISA. The western blot further proved that the IgG antibody was specific for NS3 protein. Those results Suggested that inoculation Balb/C mice with PSV?NS3 could inducing immune response, and the NS3 protein might be used as the candidate protein of DNA vaccine of dengue virus.
基金Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University through the Fast-track Research Funding Program.
文摘BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus(HSV)is a highly infectious pathogen that is easily transmitted via the bodily fluids of an infected individual.This virus usually affects individuals older than six months of age,and rarely causes lesions or symptoms in younger patients.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a five-month-old healthy girl who presented with painful herpetic gingivostomatitis and perioral vesicles.We discuss the pathophysiology of primary HSV infection and the effect of maternal antibodies on the infant’s immune system.In addition,we explain the diagnosis,management,and prognosis of HSV infection in young infants.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and management of HSV infections to decrease the risk of developing severe complications and death.
文摘There are some Indications thtt herpes aimplex virus (HSV) may be mutagenic. Specific chromosomal changes have also been demonstrated In cultured cells infected with HSV. To further Investigate the mutagenic activity of HSV type 2 (HSV-2) we used mouse skin as a model system for cardnogenetls. Inoculation of the back skin of 4-week-old Sencar mke with live virus twice per week for one week or with Inactivated virus twice per week for two weeks was used to Initiate the mouse akin. After Initiation with HSV-2, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetale(TPA) was applied twice weekly for 50 weeks as a promoter. During a period of 52 weeks, no skin carcinoma was found In the experimental groups, whereas 55% of control mice treated with 9, 10-dlmethy1-1, 2- benzanthracene (DMBA ) and then with TPA-developed skin carcinoma. The results demonstrate that HSV-2 could not substitute for DMBA in this animal model of two-stage skin carcinogenesis.
文摘The possibility of infection of the human male genital tract by human herpes virus type 2 (HSV2) or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is well established and their sexual transmission has been the object of many studies. Moreover, medically assisted procreation, which helps in numerous fertility problems, raises the question of new viral risks linked to the application of these new technologies. In this review, we shall consider current knowledge in terms of the presence of HSV 2 and HCMV in the different parts of the genital tract of immunocompetent or immunodepressed men. We shall also consider the possibility of viral transmission by the sexual act or by the various techniques used in medically assisted procreation. We shall describe studies in human beings and in animals.
文摘The specimens of 111 cervical carcinomas. 68 chronic cervicitis and 43 normal cervical exfoliated epithelial cells were examined for the presence of HSV2 DNA sequences with DNA hybridization using HSV2 BgL Ⅱ N fragment probe labelled by 32PdCTP. The result showed that the infection rates of HSV2 in the samples of cervical cancer.chronic cervicitis and normal epithelial cells were 1 4. 41 %(16/111). 27.94%( 19/68) and 25.58% ( 11/43),respectively. It was implied that early stages carcinogenesis of cervical epithelial cells might be correlated with the HSV2 infection.Sixteen HSV 2 positive samples of cervical carcinomas were also examined for the presence of the sequences homologous to human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6B/11. 16 and 18 DNA using dot blot hybridization (Tm17℃). The result indicated that 13 out of 16 were HPV 16 DNA hybridization positive accounting for 81. 2% of all HSV-2 positive samples and none of them were positive for HPV type 6B/11 and 18. The result indicated that double infection of HSV 2 and HPV16 in the same cervical carcinoma tissues may provide a strong evidence of the viral synergistic interaction in the induction of female cervical
文摘The infections of human papilloma virus (HPV),herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to human cervical epithelium are universal and some of them are associated with the development of cervical carcinomas. One hundred and eleven cervical cancer biopsies taken from Beijing area and Xiangyuan county in Shanxi province of China were examined for the presence of DNA sequences of HPV, HSV-2 and EBV by means of Dot blot hybridization. The experiment results showed that the total infectious rates of HPV, HSV-2 and EBV were 71.17% (79/111), 14.44%(16/111) and 15.63% (15/96), respectively. Seventy-nine samples positive for HPV were further analysed for the viral types distribution, the result indicated that the positive specimens of HPV type 16 accounted for 72.15%, otherwise, the biopsies positive for HPV type 18and 6B/11 only accounted for 16-46% and 11.39%,respectively. The data suggested that HPV infection,especially HPV type 16, may play an important role in the development of cervical carcinomas- 16 specimens positive for HSV-2 were examined for HPV DNAsequences and the result uncovered that 13 out of them were HPV16 positive (81.25%), 11 samples containing EBV genomes were also examined for HPV DNA sequences and the result indicated that 9 of 11 were detectable for HPV DNA. The experiment results proved a direct evtidence of multi-virus infection in cervix and of the synergistic interaction among viruses in the process of cervical epithelial carcinogenesis.Comparing of the viruses' infection of two areas, the frequencies of HPV infection in Beijing and Xiangyuan areas were 72.84% (59/ 81) and 66.67% (20/30) , the infectious rates of HSV-2 in the two areas were 8.64%(7/81) and 30% (9/30) (P<0.05), the rates of EBV infection in the two areas were 12.5% (10/80) and 31.25% (5/16)(0.1>P>0.05). The results proved another strong evidence that the high incidence of cervical cancer in Xiangyuan county may be closely correlated with multiviruses infection and with multi-virus synergistic interaction.
文摘Objective: To explore the functions and mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type I(HSV-1) while infecting human oral epithelial cells in vitro(being similar to the infection in vivo). Methods:An abundance of HSV-1 strains amplified in Vero cells were used to infect human oral epithelial cells. The culture supernatant was collected to infect Vero cells again. Morphology of HSV-1 was identified by inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope. Nucleic acid of the virus was detected by PCR. Results:The infected human oral epithelial cells didn' t display an obvious cytopathic effect(CPE) under inverted microscope(while Vero cells which were infected by the culture supernatant showed typical(CPE). The virus particles were not observed in the cytoplasm nor in nucleus of human oral epithelial cells, however under transmission electron microscope in the cytoplasm of Vero cells, the nucleic acid of HSV-1 could be detected in infected human oral epithelial cells, by PCR. Conclusion-HSV-1 can successfully infect human oral epithelial cells. This model may provide a useful approach for studying the pathogenesis of herpes virus-associated periodontal disease.
基金funded by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372452)a fund for Science and Technology Plan from Harbin Science and Technology Bureau,Heilongjiang Province,China(2012AA6BN020)a grant from the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2012BAD12B03-3)
文摘Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(BPIV3) is considered as one of the most important respiratory tract pathogens of both young and adult cattle, and widespread among cattle in the world. BPIV3 was first reported in China in 2008 and four strains of BPIV3 were isolated from Shandong Province, known as genotype C(BPIV3c). Pathogen investigations had shown that BPIV3 c infection was very common among cattle in China. To date, BPIV3 can be classified into genotypes A, B and C based on genetic and phylogenetic analysis. Serological survey also demonstrates that BPIV3 infection is widespread in China, however, there is still no available vaccine for BPIV3 prevention in China nowadays. In the present study, the BPIV3 c strain SD0835 was continuously passaged on Madin-Darby bovine kidney(MDBK) cells for hundreds of times, and the pathogenicity of passage 209 was reduced in guinea pigs. The passage 209 of BPIV3 c strain SD0835 was used as a live vaccine candidate to immunize the guinea pigs. The vaccination results revealed that two vaccinations could induce excellent serum neutralizing antibody responses as well as proliferation of T lymphocytes. The vaccinated guinea pigs were well protected against challenge with a low passage of BPIV3 c strain SD0835. Additionally, the percentages of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cell subsets of animals in vaccinated group increased after immunization; T cell subsets on day 2 after challenge in both groups decreased, and the decline of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cell subsets levels of four guinea pigs in vaccinated group was relatively moderate, comparing with that of the control group. These data support further testing of the attenuated virus as an effective candidate vaccine.
文摘Objective: The objective of the study is to verify the clinical validity of the following kits with the comparative experimental analysis and evaluate whether their performance can meet the clinical requirements, i.e. Class III in vitro diagnostic reagent “Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type II Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (PCR-Fluorescence Probe Method)” of Daan Gene Co., Ltd. (Daan kit for short) and “Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type II Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR Method)” of Wuhan Biot Gene Co., Ltd. (Biot kit for short). Method: In the study process, the samples were divided into positive and negative groups according to the control test results, and the clinical application performance of Daan kit and Biot kit was evaluated by comparing their test results. Results: The results show that two kits indicate the same test results, i.e. 26 positive and 107 negative samples in a total of 133 male urethral discharge samples, and 32 positive and 238 negative samples in a total of 270 female cervical secretion samples. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the clinical test that Daan and Biot Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type II Nuc- leic Acid Test Kits are reliable, accurate, safe, convenient for use, stable and high-value in the clinical application.
基金the grant from Medical Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.A2006334the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.06105246,No.9151040701000008the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou City,No.2007J1-C0041
文摘BACKGROUND: Previous studies of curcumin have focused mainly on its cytotoxic properties for antitumor therapy. There are few studies addressing the application of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases. OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of curcumin against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced neuronal damage in the rat hippocampus and to explore the intervention effect of curcumin on Ca^2+ influx following neuronal damage. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A cell morphological and physiological study was performed at the Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, China, from December 2006 to June 2007. MATERIALS: Curcumin (Sigma, USA) and TNF-α (Sigma, USA) were used in this study. METHODS: Hippocampal neurons were isolated from one-day neonatal rats and primarily cultured for 5 days. Following this they received 1 pmol/L curcumin and 100 ng/mL TNF-a pre-treatment. Dynamic morphological changes were observed for 1 hour by inverted microscopy. At 48 hours post-treatment, static morphological characteristics of the neurons were observed using inverted microscopy. Subsequently, hippocampal neurons were primarily cultured for 7 days, after receiving 1 pmol/L curcumJn and 4.5 ng/mL TNF-a pre-treatment. Intracellular free Ca^2+ was measured using Fluo 3/acetoxymethyl ester. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of curcumin on TNF-a-induced neuronal damage and Ca^2+ influx in the rat hippocampus were measured. RESULTS: Following curcumin treatment, TNF-a-induced neurons grew as normal. TNF-a induced a rapid Ca^2+ influx into the neuronal cytoplasm; however, Ca2+ fluorescence intensity only slightly increased when neurons were co-perfused with curcumin and TNF-α. CONCLUSION: Curcumin has a protective effect on rat hippocampal neurons possibly by reducing the TNF-α-induced rapid Ca^2+ influx into neuronal cytoplasm and by maintaining the Ca^2+ homeostasis.
基金Wuhan Institute of Virology for financial support for the research(grant no.EISA020201).
文摘Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)causes lifelong infections worldwide,and currently there is no efficient cure or vaccine.HSV-1-derived tools,such as neuronal circuit tracers and oncolytic viruses,have been used exten-sively;however,further genetic engineering of HSV-1 is hindered by its complex genome structure.In the present study,we designed and constructed a synthetic platform for HSV-1 based on H129-G4.The complete genome was constructed from 10 fragments through 3 rounds of synthesis using transformation-associated recombination(TAR)in yeast,and was named H129-Syn-G2.The H129-Syn-G2 genome contained two copies of the gfp gene and was transfected into cells to rescue the virus.According to growth curve assay and electron microscopy results,the synthetic viruses exhibited more optimized growth properties and similar morphogenesis compared to the parental virus.This synthetic platform will facilitate further manipulation of the HSV-1 genome for the devel-opment of neuronal circuit tracers,oncolytic viruses,and vaccines.