Oils with different degree of saturation:effects on ileal digestibility of fat and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing pigs

Background Oils are important sources of energy in pig diets.The combination of oils with different degree of saturation contributes to improve the utilization efficiency of the mixed oils and may reduce the cost of oil supplemented.An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of oils with different degree of saturation on the fat digestibility and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing pigs.Methods Eighteen crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)barrows(initial body weight:29.3±2.8 kg)were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum.The experimental diets included a fat-free basal diet and 5 oil-added diets.The 5 oil-added diets were formulated by adding 6%oil with different ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U:S)to the basal diet.The 5 oils were palm oil(U:S=1.2),canola oil(U:S=12.0),and palm oil and canola oil were mixed in different proportions to prepare a combination of U:S of 2.5,3.5 and 4.5,respectively.Results The apparent and standardized ileal digestibility(AID and SID)of fat and fatty acids increased linearly(P<0.05)as the U:S of dietary oils increased except for SID of fat and C18:2.The AID and SID of fat and fatty acids differed among the dietary treatments(P<0.05)except for SID of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA)and C18:2.Fitted one-slope broken-line analyses for the SID of fat,saturated fatty acids(SFA)and UFA indicated that the breakpoint for U:S of oil was 4.14(R^(2)=0.89,P<0.01),2.91(R^(2)=0.98,P<0.01)and 3.84(R^(2)=0.85,P<0.01),respectively.The determined SID of fat,C18:1,C18:2 and UFA in the mixtures was not different from the calculated SID of fat,C18:1,C18:2 and UFA.However,the determined SID of C16:0,C18:0 and SFA in the mixtures were greater than the calculated SID values(P<0.05).The abundance of Romboutsia and Turicibacter in pigs fed diet containing palm oil was greater than that in rapeseed oil treatment group,and the two bacteria were negatively correlated with SID of C16:0,C18:0 and SFA(P<0.05).Conclusions The optimal U:S for improving the utilization efficiency of mixed oil was 4.14.The SID of fat and UFA for palm oil and canola oil were additive in growing pigs,whereas the SID of SFA in the mixture of two oils was greater than the sum of the values of pure oils.Differences in fat digestibility caused by oils differing in degree of saturation has a significant impact on bacterial community in the foregut.

Effects of dietary amylose to amylopectin ratio on growth performance,carcass quality characteristics and meat fatty acids in Chinese Qinchuan cattle

This study evaluated the effects of the dietary starch amylose/amylopectin ratio on growth performance,rumen fermentation and blood parameters,carcass characteristics and marbling score,and meat fatty acid profiles and transcriptional changes in the genes involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway in Chinese Qinchuan cattle.Forty-five cattle were randomly divided into three groups.The bulls were fed a control diet(middle amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.47)or diets with either waxy corn starch(WS)inclusion(low amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.23)or pea starch(PS)inclusion(high amylose/amylopectin ratio=0.60)for 90 days.The bulls were individually allowed to receive the diets at the daily amount of at least 2.1%of their individual BW twice daily.The bulls were weighed at 45-day intervals,and blood and rumen fluid samples were also collected at 45-day intervals.The bulls were slaughtered and longissimus thoracis(LT)samples were collected for meat quality measurements.Compared with PS,the average daily gain(ADG)and feed efficiency in control and WS were increased(P<0.05)during d 0 to 45.However,the feed efficiency in PS was increased(P<0.05)compared with the control and WS during d 46 to 90.During the whole feeding trial,the ADG in control and WS showed trends that were higher(0.05<P<0.1)than that of PS,while other growth performance measures and feed intake did not differ(P>0.05)among the three groups.Compared with PS,the serum insulin concentration in WS was increased(P<0.05)at d 45,but not at d 90.Compared with control and WS,the serum SOD and T-AOC concentrations in PS were increased(P<0.05)at d 45,but not at d 90.Compared with control,the rumen microbial crude protein contents in WS and PS were increased(P<0.05)at d 0,while those of control and WS were higher(P<0.05)than that of PS at d 45,but not at d 90.Compared with PS,the backfat thickness in control and WS were increased(P<0.05),however,the marbling score and expression of genes related to the gluconeogenesis pathway in liver of the three groups did not differ(P>0.05).Chemical and physio-chemical compositions of LT did not differ(P>0.05)among the three groups.In conclusion,diets with low or middle amylose/amylopectin ratios increased the backfat thickness,and tended to improve ADG,but had no effect on other carcass characteristics,fat content in the LT,or the expression of hepatic genes related to the gluconeogenesis pathway in Chinese Qinchuan cattle.

Fat-to-muscle Ratio: A New Anthropometric Indicator for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in the Han and Bouyei Populations from Guizhou Province, China

Objective To investigate the prevalence and possible factors influencing metabolic syndrome in people from Guizhou Province and to explore the predictive value of the fat-to-muscle ratio in diagnosing metabolic syndrome. Methods A multistage stratified sampling method was used in this cross-sectional study of 20-80 years old Han and Bouyei populations from Guizhou Province, southwestern China, from October-December 2012. The study included 4,553 cases of metabolic syndrome, that was defined according to 2005 International Diabetes Federation criteria. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used for determining the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive ability of the fat-to-muscle ratio for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Results The age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 11.38%（men： 9.76%; women： 12.72%） for Han and 4.78%（men： 4.43%; women： 5.30%） for Bouyei populations. In Guizhou Province, the cut-off value for the men fat-to-muscle ratio was 0.34, the area under the curve was 0.95, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 and 0.85, respectively. The cut-off value for the women fat-to-muscle ratio was 0.55, the area under the curve was 0.91, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.93 and 0.79, respectively. Conclusion The fat-to-muscle ratio is highly predictive of metabolic syndrome in Guizhou Province, and a useful reference indicator.

Time-Lag Effect of Dietary Fiber and Fat Intake Ratio on Japanese Colon Cancer Mortality

The daily intake of total dietary fiber (TDF) was evaluated from data of the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) in Japan for 41 years since 1947. An interrelationship between the nutrient intake, including TDF, and the mortality from colon cancer in Japanese people was calculated by a simple correlation coefficient and time-series correlation coeffcient.TDF intake per capita decreased rapidly from 27.4 g in 1947 to 15.8 g in 1963, and subsequently decreased by a lesser rate to 15.3 g in 1987. Fat intake increased rapidly from 18.0 g in 1950 to 56.6 g in 1987.The age-adjusted mortality from colon cancer shows a significant positive correlation with both the intakes of animal protein and of total fat, and the fat energy ratio. A time-series analysis indicates that the mortality from colon cancer was negatively correlated with TDF with a 15-27 year delay, the maximum correlation existing with a 23-year lag (r = -0.947). The TDF intake was less than 17.9 g in 1965. At the same time, the mortality from colon cancer increased rapidly. A fat/TDF ratio above 3.0 resulted in a rapid increase in colon cancer mortality.The non-adjusted mortality from colon cancer has much the same interrelationship with TDF and fat intake as the adjusted figures. It is suggested that the cause of the increased mortality from colon cancer in Japan is positively related to the increased intake of fat and protein. In addition, the decrease in TDF intake has accelerated the mortality of colon cancer after a delay of 23-24 years. The importance of fat/TDF as a nutritional criterion for the incidence of colon cancer needs to be better recognized

The Influence of Forage/Concentrate Ratio and Full Fat Soya By-Pass Supplementation on the Fatty Acids Profile from the Carcase of Fatting Lambs

There was organized a 2×2 factorial type experience in which it has been aimed the influence of forage/concentrates ratio and the effect of supplementing the ratio with full fat soya by-pass （FFS） on the production performance and carcass fatty acid profile of fattening lambs. 32 Tsigai lambs were divided into 4 groups and were fed with 2 different diets regarding the forage/concentrates ratio （35/65 and 65/35, on a DM basis）, containing or not 5% FFS （full fat soya treated with formaldehyde 12.5%）. Including FFS in diet and the ratios rich in concentrates determined a significant improvement in weight gain （P〈0.01）, in the degree of food recovery and in fatty acid profile from the carcass. It has been significantly increased （P〈0.01） the weight of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） from intramuscular fat （longissimus dorsi-LD and femoral biceps-FB） and the deposit fat （subcutaneous-SC and perirenal-PR） and decreased the proportion of saturated （SFA） and monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA）. Most significant differences were recorded about PUFA from Omega-3 series （C18：3 n-3, EPA C22：3 n-3, DPA and DHA） and CLA isomers （conjugated linolenic acid： C 18：2 C9, tl I＋C 18：2 t10, C 12）. The best profile of fatty acids, considered in light of the influence on human health （high concentration of Omega 3 fatty acids and CLA and low in SFA） was established in LD, for lambs fed with diets high in concentrates and which contained FFS （HC/S）.

健康体检人群内脏脂肪面积与尿酸/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值的相关性研究

目的探讨健康体检人群内脏脂肪面积(VFA)与尿酸(UA)/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比值(UHR)的相关性。方法随机选取2020年6月至2022年6月于枣庄市立医院进行健康体检的人群360名。根据VFA值,将人群分为内脏脂肪型肥胖组(VFA≥100 cm^(2))172名和对照组(VFA<100 cm^(2))188名,比较两组一般资料及生化指标。采用Spearman相关分析评估VFA与UHR的相关性,多元线性回归分析UHR的影响因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估UHR对内脏脂肪型肥胖的预测价值。结果与对照组相比,内脏脂肪型肥胖组体重指数(BMI)、VFA、皮下脂肪面积(SFA)、VFA/SFA(V/S)、甘油三酯(TG)、甘油三酯葡萄糖指数(TyG)、UA、UHR水平升高,HDL-C水平降低,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,UHR与BMI、VFA、SFA、V/S、TG、TyG呈正相关(P<0.01)。以UHR为因变量,BMI、VFA、SFA、V/S、TG、TyG为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果显示TG、VFA是UHR的影响因素。ROC曲线显示UHR预测内脏脂肪型肥胖的曲线下面积为0.741(P<0.001),最佳截断值为0.35。结论健康体检人群UHR与VFA有关,对内脏脂肪型肥胖有较好的预测价值。

术后血糖联合胰腺-内脏脂肪CT值比对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘预测价值分析

目的研究胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后胰瘘(POPF)发生率与血糖及胰腺-内脏脂肪CT值比的相关性。方法选取2018年1月~2022年12月接受PD的病人94例,分析术前胰腺-内脏脂肪CT值比,检测术后1天血糖、血生化以及其他相关指标,单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析POPF发生的高危因素。结果94例病人中,POPF B/C级20例(21.3%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,胰腺-内脏脂肪CT值比、术前淋巴细胞/单核细细胞、术后第1天血糖是PD病人术后POPF发生的危险因素;开腹手术是PD病人术后POPF发生的独立危险因素。胰腺-内脏脂肪CT值比预测POPF的灵敏度为0.80,特异度为0.58;术后第1天血糖预测POPF的灵敏度为0.55,特异度为0.84;二者联合预测POPF的灵敏度为0.60,特异度为0.78。结论胰腺-内脏脂肪CT值比联合术后第1天血糖可能成为预测PD病人POPF发生的危险因素。

老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病合并2型糖尿病患者血清TyG、内脏/皮下脂肪面积比和心脏代谢指数变化及其临床意义探讨

目的探讨老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清三酰甘油葡萄糖乘积指数(TyG)、内脏/皮下脂肪面积比(VSR)和心脏代谢指数(CMI)变化及其临床意义。方法2021年1月~2022年12月我院诊治的老年NAFLD合并T2DM患者98例和老年NAFLD患者98例,常规检测空腹三酰甘油和空腹血糖,计算TyG指数。使用内脏脂肪检测装置测量内脏脂肪面积(VFA)和皮下脂肪面积(SFA),计算VSR。常规检测腰高比(WHR),计算CMI。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响合并T2DM的危险因素。结果NAFLD合并T2DM组空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和血清TG水平分别为(9.3±0.7)mmol/L、(9.1±1.6)%、(5.7±0.8)和(3.7±0.5)mmol/L,均显著高于NAFLD组【分别为(5.8±0.5)mmol/L、(6.1±1.2)%、(3.9±0.4)和(1.9±0.3)mmol/L,P<0.05】,而HDL-C为(1.2±0.2)mmol/L,显著低于NAFLD组【(1.5±0.4)mmol/L,P<0.05】;TyG、VSR和CMI分别为(10.8±1.5)%、(0.9±0.2)%和(1.2±0.3)%,显著高于NAFLD组【(8.7±0.4)%、(0.3±0.1)%和(0.6±0.2)%,P<0.05】;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,TyG(OR=3.124,95%CI:1.101~8.862)、VSR(OR=2.601,95%CI:1.035~6.535)和CMI(OR=2.832,95%CI:1.061~7.561)升高均为影响老年NAFLD合并T2DM的独立危险因素(P<0.05);37例重度NAFLD合并T2DM患者TyG、VSR和CMI分别为(12.4±1.9)%、(1.2±0.3)%和(1.7±0.4)%,均显著高于61例轻中度NAFLD患者【分别为(9.7±0.6)%、(0.7±0.1)%和(0.9±0.2)%,P<0.05】。结论在老年NAFLD患者,检测并计算TyG、VSR和CMI可帮助筛查T2DM,值得深入研究。

天麻清汤火锅底料加工工艺研究

探究天麻清汤火锅底料加工工艺,以拓宽其附加值。设置了以红天麻粉添加量、油脂复配比例和食盐添加量为变量,以感官品质为指标的单因素试验和正交试验。结果表明,以红天麻粉添加量5%、油脂复配比例1∶3和食盐添加量6%制备的火锅底料综合评分最高,其产品色泽透亮,凝固性较好,煮沸后鲜香浓郁,回味醇美,口感柔和;油脂理化指标和微生物指标均符合标准,营养成分含量较高。该产品的研制为天麻产品的开发利用提供了新方向。

达斡尔族成人示指环指指长比与肥胖相关性分析

目的:探讨内蒙古达斡尔族成人示指、环指指长比(2D︰4D)与体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)及脂肪量的关系。方法:运用人体测量法,比较内蒙古莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗健康达斡尔族成人左手、右手、双手及右手-左手(DR-L)2D︰4D,BMI、WHR及脂肪量各均值,分析2D︰4D与BMI、WHR及脂肪量的相关性。结果:左、右手2D︰4D及双手表现为女性显著高于男性,相关分析显示女性右手、左手及双手2D︰4D与BMI、腰围、躯干及四肢脂肪量呈正相关,女性右手及双手2D︰4D还与臀围呈正相关。受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,通过右手2D︰4D、双手平均2D︰4D筛查肥胖有一定的效能,女性右手2D︰4D及平均2D︰4D的最佳切点分别为0.989及0.980,敏感度分别为46.5%、53.5%,特异度分别为78.9%、68.4%。结论:内蒙古达斡尔族成人女性2D︰4D与脂肪量相关。

配合饲料糖脂比对中华绒螯蟹生长、体组成和性腺发育的影响

探究配合饲料不同糖脂比替代冰鲜鱼对中华绒螯蟹生长、体组成和性腺发育的影响。在为期6周的饲养试验中,采用5种不同糖脂比(4.09、3.00、1.93、1.40、1.05)的中华绒螯蟹配合饲料(各配合饲料分别命名为:diet 1、diet 2、diet 3、diet 4、diet 5组)替代冰鲜鱼,观察不同糖脂比下的配合饲料对中华绒螯蟹[初始平均体重(98.36±8.17)g]的生长性能、体组成、性腺指数及性腺脂肪酸的营养成分等的影响。结果显示:存活率方面,冰鲜鱼组的中华绒螯蟹成活率(63%)显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.05)。增重率方面,diet 3组(糖脂比1.93)中华绒螯蟹增重率最高[(0.89±0.07)%]。体组成和性腺发育方面,diet 3组(糖脂比1.93)中华绒螯蟹的肝胰腺中总脂肪含量[(21.11±6.14)%]显著低于其他组(P<0.05),性腺中的总脂肪含量[(38.45±6.78)%]显著高于其他组(P<0.05),性腺指数[(14.67±2.35)%]显著高于除diet 4组外的其他组(P<0.05);性腺不饱和脂肪酸含量方面,各处理组中华绒螯蟹性腺中的花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸等脂肪酸含量存在差异,其中diet 3组(糖脂比1.93)的花生四烯酸含量显著高于其他组、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量显著高于除diet 4组以外的其他组(P<0.05)。在中华绒螯蟹初始平均体重为(98.36±8.17)g,饲养6周的试验条件下,相比冰鲜鱼组,配合饲料diet 3组(糖脂比1.93)中华绒螯蟹具有更高的存活率、增重率及性腺指数。配合饲料性腺指数的提高可能与配方中更适宜的糖脂比有关,这为营养物质从肝脏中积累进而转移到性腺中提供了物质基础和能量基础。

双能X射线测定肉类肥瘦比例研究进展

近年来,我国肉类加工行业发展迅猛,自动化和智能化水平逐渐提高,多种肥瘦比例检测技术被应用到肉制品加工和屠宰行业。双能X射线吸收法(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)是解决肉制品在线肥瘦比例检测的最佳方法之一,具有精准度高、耗时短、可以对胴体全身进行检测的优势。本文比较当前各种肥瘦比例检测技术的特点,介绍DXA的概念、测量方式,重点探讨DXA在肥瘦比例测定中的应用和研究进展,通过对研究现状、设备类型和存在问题的分析,讨论未来该技术应用的发展方向。

Colorectal neoplasm:Magnetic resonance colonography with fat enema-initial clinical experience

AIM： To assess Magnetic resonance colonography with fat enema as a method for detection of colorectal neoplasm.METHODS： Consecutive twenty-two patients underwent MR colonography with fat enema before colonoscopy. Tl-weighted three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient- echo with inversion recovery sequence was acquired with the patient in the supine position before and 75 s after Gadopentetate Dimelumine administration. Where by, pre and post MR coronal images were obtained with a single breath hold for about 20 s to cover the entire colon. The quality of MR colonographs and patients＇ tolerance to fat contrast medium was investigated. Colorectal neoplasms identified by MR colonography were compared with those identified on colonoscopy and sensitivity of detecting the lesions was calculated accordingly.RESULTS： MR colonography with fat enema was well tolerated without sedation and analgesia. 120 out of 132 （90.9%） colonic segments were well distended and only 1 （0.8%） colonic segment was poor distension. After contrast enhancement scan, mean contrast-to-noise ratio （CNR） value between the normal colonic wall and lumen was 18.5 ± 2.9 while mean CNR value between colorectal neoplasm and lumen was 20.2± 3.1. By Magnetic resonance colonography, 26 of 35 neoplasms （sensitivity 74.3%） were detected. However, sensitivity of MRC was 95.5% （21 of 22） for neoplasm larger than 10 mm and 55.6% （5 of 9） for 5-10 mm neoplasm.CONCLUSION： MR colonography with fat enema and Tl-weighted three-dimensional fast spoiled gradientecho with inversion recovery sequence is feasible in detecting colorectal neoplasm larger than 10 mm.

Relationship between high dietary fat intake and Parkinson’s disease risk: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether dietary fat intake influences Parkinson’s disease risk. DATA SOURCES: We systematically surveyed the Embase and PubMed databases, reviewing manuscripts published prior to October 2018. The following terms were used:(“Paralysis agitans” OR “Parkinson disease” OR “Parkinson” OR “Parkinson’s” OR “Parkinson’s disease”) AND (“fat” OR “dietary fat” OR “dietary fat intake”). DATA SELECTION: Included studies were those with both dietary fat intake and Parkinson’s disease risk as exposure factors. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was adapted to investigate the quality of included studies. Stata V12.0 software was used for statistical analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes included the relationship between high total energy intake, high total fat intake, and Parkinson’s disease risk. The secondary outcomes included the relationship between different kinds of fatty acids and Parkinson’s disease risk. RESULTS: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into this meta-analysis. Four studies scored 7 and the other five studies scored 9 on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, meaning that all studies were of high quality. Meta-analysis results showed that high total energy intake was associated with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (P = 0.000, odds ratio (OR)= 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–1.75);in contrast, high total fat intake was not associated with Parkinson’s disease risk (P = 0.123, OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.91–1.25). Subgroup analysis revealed that polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (P = 0.010, OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.88–1.20) reduced the risk of Parkinson’s disease, while arachidonic acid (P = 0.026, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.97–1.37) and cholesterol (P = 0.002, OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92–1.29) both increased the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Subgroup analysis also demonstrated that, although the results were not significant, consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.071, OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.73–1.05),α-linolenic acid (P = 0.06, OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.72–1.02), and the n-3 to n-6 ratio (P = 0.458, OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75–1.06) were all linked with a trend toward reduced Parkinson’s disease risk. Monounsaturated fatty acid (P = 0.450, OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.91–1.23), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.100, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.96–1.36) and linoleic acid (P = 0.053, OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.94–1.32) intakes were associated with a non-significant trend toward higher PD risk. Saturated fatty acid (P = 0.619, OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.87–1.18) intake was not associated with Parkinson’s disease. CONCLUSION: Dietary fat intake affects Parkinson’s disease risk, although this depends on the fatty acid subtype. Higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce the risk of Parkinson’s disease, while higher cholesterol and arachidonic acid intakes may elevate Parkinson’s disease risk. However, further studies and evidence are needed to validate any link between dietary fat intake and Parkinson’s disease.

Impact of Lifestyle Intervention on the Estimated Visceral Fat Area and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Men with Obesity

Background: The lifestyle modification remains the fundamental approach for the obesity treatment. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of the multimodal lifestyle intervention on the estimated visceral fat area versus changes in musculoskeletal mass in a cohort of adult men with obesity. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective cohort study in which the file of eighty-two male subjects, aged 20 - 60 years, was studied for three months. Patients had been instructed to follow a balanced-hypocaloric diet, physical activity plan and general advice for combating the unhealthy lifestyle habits through the study period. Those who succeeded to loss > 5% of their body weight were classified as weight loser (WL) group, while others as weight resistant (WR) group. The results of In Body-720 bioelectric impedance analysis were used to report the fat mass (FM), visceral fat area (VFA), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), SMM/VFA ratio, osseous mass (OM), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) before and after the study period. Anthropometric measures, glucose, and lipid profile were also analyzed. Paired t-test was used to detect the significance of change between before and after measures, independent sample t-test was used to compare WL vs. WR groups. Results: There were significant decreases in weight, FM (p 0.05) and VFA (p 0.001), in addition to a significant rise of SMM/VFA ratio (p 0.05), together with insignificant changes of osseous mass, SMM and BMR after 3 months. Additionally, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides were significantly reduced (P 0.05). The percentages of reduction in weight, FM and VFA in WL vs. WR groups were highly significant (p 0.001), while the percentages of change in SMM, SMM/VFA ratio and BMR were significant (p 0.05). Conclusion: Lifestyle modification might be effective in production of positive changes in the body composition of patients with obesity. These changes were more significant in weight losers.

肠外营养处方糖脂比合理范围重要性探讨

目的:探讨临床实践中因肠外营养糖脂比不合理导致的相关用药安全性问题,为临床营养药物的合理应用提供依据。方法:从建库开始截至2023年2月28日,检索国内外相关数据库,对纳入文献及笔者在临床实践中遇到的不合理糖脂比处方导致的临床不良结局进行汇总和分析。结果:共纳入11篇文献,另有笔者通过调整不合理的糖脂比,病人不适好转病例1例。共涉及86例病人,男性51例,女性35例。年龄最小18岁,最大89岁。86例病人共发生临床不良结局79次,其中共有死亡病例8例,临床不良结局发生率分别为:肝功能异常46.8%(37/79)、胆汁淤积22.8%(18/79)、脂肪超载综合征13.9%(11/79)、肝脂肪变性11.4%(9/79)、血小板减少3.8%(3/79)、其它1.3%(1/79)。86例病人中,明确记载的有2例病人通过调整糖脂比后,临床不良结局得到改善,其他不详。结论:不适宜的糖脂比可能导致肠外营养相关用药的安全性问题,应引起临床重视。

Development and Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acids-Enriched Foods is an Important Dietary Strategy to Improve People's Nutritional and Health Status

Both Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients important for cellular structure and function but cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from food.These two classes of fatty acids are metabolically and functionally different and antagonistically regulate many physiological and pathological processes.Thus,the relative balance between Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids are critical for good health.However,today’s diet contains too much Omega-6 but too little Omega-3,leading to a severe imbalance with a very high Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio(>10)in most people.Many lines of evidence suggest that this imbalance is a key factor contributing to the development of modern chronic diseases.A growing number of studies ranging from laboratory research to clinical trials have shown that balancing the tissue ratio of Omega-6/Omega-3 fatty acids by increasing tissue levels of Omega-3 fatty acids and/or decreasing the content of Omega-6 fatty acids are very beneficial for the prevention and treatment of many life-threating chronic diseases as well as for health promotion of the general public.Therefore,development and production of foods rich in Omega-3-fatty acids should be considered as a key health program to balance essential fat intake and thereby improve the nutritional and health status of all people.

超声B-Mode Ratio对糖尿病患者颌下腺脂肪沉积的诊断效能

为了对比评价超声B-mode ratio及MR-IP-OP两种检查方法对糖尿病患者颌下腺脂肪沉积的诊断效能。选取志愿者174人(糖尿病患者89人和健康志愿者85人),利用超声B-mode ratio技术和3D MR-IP-OP方法评估和检测颌下腺的脂肪含量。使用独立样本t检验比较两组患者B-radio和MRI-IP-OP的FF值组间差异。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析两种技术对颌下腺脂肪沉积的诊断效能。用Spear-man相关系数评价两组参数之间的相关性。糖尿病组的B-mode ratio值(1.337±0.128)明显高于正常组(0.917±0.138)。糖尿病组MR-IP-OP的FF值(21.88±7.86%)明显高于正常组(8.87±3.09%)。ROC曲线表明脂肪沉积评价中B-mode ratio和3D MR-IP-OP的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.860和0.909,超声B-mode ratio和3D MR-IP-OP方法获得的结果间有良好相关性(r=0.502,p<0.001)。超声B-mode ratio对颌下腺脂肪变性的诊断具有良好的诊断效能,可以替代MR-IP-OP检查技术,并且有很好的临床应用前景。

超重/肥胖人群湿证与人体成分的相关性研究

【目的】探讨超重/肥胖人群湿证与人体成分的相关性。【方法】回顾性收集2020年9月~11月参加广东省中医院针灸科肥胖专病联盟“八周强化减重方案”的超重/肥胖者数据,采用双变量相关分析、偏相关分析和多元线性回归分析探索该人群湿证量表评分与人体成分指标的相关性,并初步分析患者减重前后湿证量表评分变化与人体成分变化的关系。【结果】共纳入129例患者(其中50例有减重后数据),相关性分析结果提示湿证量表评分与体质量指数(BMI)、脂肪重、内脏脂肪指数呈正相关(R=0.37,P=0.00;R=0.36,P<0.01;R=0.26,P<0.01),且与基础代谢率呈正相关(R=0.34,P<0.01);调整体质量、年龄、性别的影响后,湿证量表评分与人体成分的偏相关结果显示与体脂率、脂肪重相关度较调整前提高(R=0.45,P<0.01;R=0.44,P<0.01),与水分率负相关度也较调整前提高(R=-0.43,P<0.01);多重线性回归分析发现,湿证量表得分变异的25.80%可由脂肪重的变化来解释,拟合的回归方程具有统计学意义(F=18.06,P<0.000)。50例患者的湿证量表评分与人体成分的8周强化减重前后变化差值均未见相关性(P>0.05)。【结论】超重/肥胖人群的湿证程度与脂肪组织(体脂率、脂肪重)呈正相关,与水分率呈负相关,脂肪重是影响湿证的重要因素;进一步研究建议纳入其他可能与湿证相关的病理指标,使湿证的病理机制得到更全面的揭示。

添加植物油降低饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比值对生长肥育猪脂肪沉积和脂肪酸组成及脂代谢相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加植物油降低n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)比值对生长肥育猪脂肪沉积和脂肪酸组成及脂代谢相关基因表达的影响。试验选用54头体重[(45.30±1.72)kg]相近的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复3头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂含4.5%菜籽油(菜籽油组)和4.5%混合油(混合油组,菜籽油∶亚麻籽油=1∶1)的饲粮。3组饲粮粗脂肪含量分别为2.76%、7.24%和7.24%,n-6/n-3 PUFA比值分别约为10∶1、4∶1和2∶1,消化能和粗蛋白质含量基本相同。预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加植物油显著提高生长肥育猪背最长肌肌内脂肪(IMF)含量(P<0.05),对平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、料重比(F/G)及背膘厚无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加植物油显著提高背最长肌和皮下脂肪n-3及总PUFA含量(P<0.05),降低n-6/n-3 PUFA比值(P<0.05);与菜籽油组相比,混合油组背最长肌和皮下脂肪n-3 PUFA含量显著提高(P<0.05),n-6/n-3 PUFA比值显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加植物油显著提高背最长肌和皮下脂肪组织脂肪酸转位酶/CD36(FAT/CD36)和脂肪酸转运蛋白1(FATP1)mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),且混合油组背最长肌FAT/CD36和脂肪酸转运蛋白4(FATP4)mRNA相对表达量显著高于菜籽油组(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮添加植物油显著提高背最长肌碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白(ChREBP)、葡萄糖转运子4(Glut4)及脂肪酸合酶(FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、脂肪酸延伸酶5(Elovl5)和脂肪酸延伸酶6(Elovl6)等生脂基因mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),显著降低皮下脂肪组织过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)、维甲酸X受体α(RXRα)及生脂基因mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加植物油降低饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA比值可上调FAT/CD36和FATP1表达,促进猪肌肉和皮下脂肪组织吸收和利用饲粮长链脂肪酸合成脂肪;下调PPARγ及生脂基因表达,抑制皮下脂肪组织从头脂肪合成,而上调ChREBP及生脂基因表达,促进背最长肌脂肪合成,提高IMF含量,且饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA比值为2∶1时能更有效地改善组织n-3 PUFA含量和n-6/n-3 PUFA比值。