Low-level laser therapy(LLLT)has been clinically utilized for many indications in medicine requiring protection from el/issue death,stimulation of healing and repair of injuries,pain reduction,swelling and inflammatio...Low-level laser therapy(LLLT)has been clinically utilized for many indications in medicine requiring protection from el/issue death,stimulation of healing and repair of injuries,pain reduction,swelling and inflammation.Presently,the use of LLLT to treat stroke,traumnatic brain injury and cognitive dysfunction are attracting growing interest.Near infrared light is capable of penetrating into the cerebral cortex,allowing noninvasive treatments to be caried out with few treatment-related adverse events.Optimization of LLLT treatment flfect is a crucial isse of this field;however,only a few experimental tests on mice for wavelength selection have been reported.We addressed this ssue by low-ost,straightforward and quantitative comparisons on light dosage distribution within visible Chinese human head by Monte Carlo modeling of near infrared light propagation.Optimized selection in wavelength,beam type and size were given based on comparisons among frequently used setups(ie,wavelengths:660,810 and 980 nm;beam type:Gaussian and flat beamn;beam diameter:2,4 and 6 cm).This study provided an fficient way for guiding the optimization of LLLT setup and selection on wavelength,beam type and size for clinical brain LLLT.展开更多
Objective To establish a 3D atlas of the lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus with the cryosection images of the male from "Atlas of Chinese Visible Human". Methods The lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus w...Objective To establish a 3D atlas of the lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus with the cryosection images of the male from "Atlas of Chinese Visible Human". Methods The lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus were segmented from the cryosection images and reconstructed with the software展开更多
Modeling Light propagation within human head to deduce spatial sensitivity distribution(SSD)is important for Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)/imaging(NIRI)and diffuse correlation tomography.Lots of head models have be...Modeling Light propagation within human head to deduce spatial sensitivity distribution(SSD)is important for Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)/imaging(NIRI)and diffuse correlation tomography.Lots of head models have been used on this issue,including layered head model,artificial simplified head model,MRI slices described head model,and visible human head model.Hereinto,visible Chinese human(VCH)head model is considered to be a most faithful presentation of anatomical structure,and has been highlighted to be employed in modeling light propagation.However,it is not practical for all researchers to use VCH head models and actually increasing number of people are using magnet resonance imaging(MRI)head models.Here,all the above head models were simulated and compared,and we focused on the effect of using di®erent head models on predictions of SSD.Our results were in line with the previous reports on the effect of cerebral cortex folding geometry.Moreover,the in fluence on SSD increases with thefidelity of head models.And surprisingly,the SSD percentages in scalp and gray matter(region of interest)in MRI head model were found to be 80%and 125%higher than in VCH head model.MRI head models induced nonignorable discrepancy in SSD estimation when compared with VCH head model.This study,as we believe,is the first to focus on comparison among full serials of head model on estimating SSD,and provided quantitative evidence for MRI head model users to calibrate their SSD estimation.展开更多
Specimen observation and dissection have been regarded as the best approach to teach anatomy,but due to the severe lack of anatomical specimens in recent years,the quality of anatomy teaching has been seriously affect...Specimen observation and dissection have been regarded as the best approach to teach anatomy,but due to the severe lack of anatomical specimens in recent years,the quality of anatomy teaching has been seriously affected.In order to disseminate anatomical knowledge effectively under such circumstances,this study discusses three key factors(modeling,perception,and interaction)involved in constructing virtual anatomy teaching systems in detail.To ensure the authenticity,integrity,and accuracy of modeling,detailed three-dimensional(3D)digital anatomical models are constructed using multi-scale data,such as the Chinese Visible Human dataset,clinical imaging data,tissue sections,and other sources.The anatomical knowledge ontology is built according to the needs of the particular teaching purposes.Various kinds of anatomical knowledge and 3D digital anatomical models are organically combined to construct virtual anatomy teaching system by means of virtual reality equipment and technology.The perception of knowledge is realized by the Yi Chuang Digital Human Anatomy Teaching System that we have created.The virtual interaction mode,which is similar to actual anatomical specimen observation and dissection,can enhance the transmissibility of anatomical knowledge.This virtual anatomy teaching system captures the three key factors.It can provide realistic and reusable teaching resources,expand the new medical education model,and effectively improve the quality of anatomy teaching.展开更多
To provide practical and surgical anatomy for the imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment of the disease of the caudate lobe of the liver. Methods: Based on Chinese Visible Human 1-5 data sets and assisted by 3D vis...To provide practical and surgical anatomy for the imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment of the disease of the caudate lobe of the liver. Methods: Based on Chinese Visible Human 1-5 data sets and assisted by 3D visualization and reconstruction, the 3D models of the upper abdomen or the liver were reconstructed and the cross-sectional images were converted to the coronal and sagittal images. The anatomy of the caudate lobe of the liver on the coronal and sagittal planes was investigated on serial planes of the upper abdomen. Results: The caudate lobe was bordered on the left by the fissura ligamenti venosi, posteriorly by the IVC, superiorly by the hepatic veins and inferiorly by the hepatic hilum. Its right and ventral borders might be obscure, with only relative borders existent. The right wall of the IVC was a good landmark to judge the relative realm of paracaval portion, and the relative ventral plane might exist between the hepatic hilum and entrance of hepatic veins. The caudate lobe could be divided into two principal regions: the left Spiegel lobe and the right paracaval portion. The caudate process, and the right rear process occurring in some individuals belonged to the right paracaval portion. The caudate lobe was blood supplied by the portal vein, which directly drained into the IVC. Conclusion: There are not definite borders for the right part of the caudate lobe, and most of the knowledge on it is based on the cast study, which may not suit for the clinical diagnosis and practice. The coronal and sagittal sections can better show the anatomic relationships between the caudate lobe, the other parts of the liver and the adjacent structures. The 3D digital visualization is an accurate and convenient study method for clinical anatomy.展开更多
Background During scanning of the right hypochondrium and right intercostal regions with an ultrasonic transducer,several ultrasonic images of oblique sections are obtained.It is still a challenge for ultrasonography ...Background During scanning of the right hypochondrium and right intercostal regions with an ultrasonic transducer,several ultrasonic images of oblique sections are obtained.It is still a challenge for ultrasonography to divide these nonconventional sections into an accurate hepatic segmentation pattern.The aim of this research was to investigate the value of the virtual hepatic segment model (VHSM) in assisting the ultrasonic localization of space-occupying hepatic lesions.Methods VHSM was constructed via 3D reconstruction according to the first Chinese visible human dataset.Preoperative ultrasonography,contrast-enhanced CT scan and VHSM techniques were performed in 100 patients with spaceoccupying focal lesions in the liver parenchyma for segmental localization.The results of these three techniques were compared with the operative findings.Results VHSM was successfully detected on 2D sectional images by 3D reconstruction through surface rendering and volume rendering.The model could simulate ultrasonic directions to conduct a virtual dissection on any section plane,and fine liver segmentation could be displayed in any virtual plane.In 100 patients,there were 112 liver space-occupying focal lesions distributed in 148 liver segmentations.Regarding the positioning accuracies for lesions of different sizes and the lesion segmental distribution accuracies estimated using the three methods mentioned above,ultrasonography exhibited a significantly lower accuracy than VHSM for the segmental localization of lesions (P <0.05),and contrast-enhanced CT was not significantly different from ultrasonography plus VHSM (P >0.05).Conclusion VHSM increased the accuracy of ultrasonic localization of space-occupying hepatic lesions,particularly in hepatic hypovascular regions.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Start Fund (Grant No.Y02002010)the Central University Basic Scienti¯c Research Project Business Expenses (Grant No.ZYGX2012J114)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61308114).
文摘Low-level laser therapy(LLLT)has been clinically utilized for many indications in medicine requiring protection from el/issue death,stimulation of healing and repair of injuries,pain reduction,swelling and inflammation.Presently,the use of LLLT to treat stroke,traumnatic brain injury and cognitive dysfunction are attracting growing interest.Near infrared light is capable of penetrating into the cerebral cortex,allowing noninvasive treatments to be caried out with few treatment-related adverse events.Optimization of LLLT treatment flfect is a crucial isse of this field;however,only a few experimental tests on mice for wavelength selection have been reported.We addressed this ssue by low-ost,straightforward and quantitative comparisons on light dosage distribution within visible Chinese human head by Monte Carlo modeling of near infrared light propagation.Optimized selection in wavelength,beam type and size were given based on comparisons among frequently used setups(ie,wavelengths:660,810 and 980 nm;beam type:Gaussian and flat beamn;beam diameter:2,4 and 6 cm).This study provided an fficient way for guiding the optimization of LLLT setup and selection on wavelength,beam type and size for clinical brain LLLT.
文摘Objective To establish a 3D atlas of the lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus with the cryosection images of the male from "Atlas of Chinese Visible Human". Methods The lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus were segmented from the cryosection images and reconstructed with the software
基金The authors thank Qingming Luo's group for providing VCH dataset.This research was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant No.ZYGX2012J114)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No.61308114)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (grant No.20130185120024).
文摘Modeling Light propagation within human head to deduce spatial sensitivity distribution(SSD)is important for Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)/imaging(NIRI)and diffuse correlation tomography.Lots of head models have been used on this issue,including layered head model,artificial simplified head model,MRI slices described head model,and visible human head model.Hereinto,visible Chinese human(VCH)head model is considered to be a most faithful presentation of anatomical structure,and has been highlighted to be employed in modeling light propagation.However,it is not practical for all researchers to use VCH head models and actually increasing number of people are using magnet resonance imaging(MRI)head models.Here,all the above head models were simulated and compared,and we focused on the effect of using di®erent head models on predictions of SSD.Our results were in line with the previous reports on the effect of cerebral cortex folding geometry.Moreover,the in fluence on SSD increases with thefidelity of head models.And surprisingly,the SSD percentages in scalp and gray matter(region of interest)in MRI head model were found to be 80%and 125%higher than in VCH head model.MRI head models induced nonignorable discrepancy in SSD estimation when compared with VCH head model.This study,as we believe,is the first to focus on comparison among full serials of head model on estimating SSD,and provided quantitative evidence for MRI head model users to calibrate their SSD estimation.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61190122).
文摘Specimen observation and dissection have been regarded as the best approach to teach anatomy,but due to the severe lack of anatomical specimens in recent years,the quality of anatomy teaching has been seriously affected.In order to disseminate anatomical knowledge effectively under such circumstances,this study discusses three key factors(modeling,perception,and interaction)involved in constructing virtual anatomy teaching systems in detail.To ensure the authenticity,integrity,and accuracy of modeling,detailed three-dimensional(3D)digital anatomical models are constructed using multi-scale data,such as the Chinese Visible Human dataset,clinical imaging data,tissue sections,and other sources.The anatomical knowledge ontology is built according to the needs of the particular teaching purposes.Various kinds of anatomical knowledge and 3D digital anatomical models are organically combined to construct virtual anatomy teaching system by means of virtual reality equipment and technology.The perception of knowledge is realized by the Yi Chuang Digital Human Anatomy Teaching System that we have created.The virtual interaction mode,which is similar to actual anatomical specimen observation and dissection,can enhance the transmissibility of anatomical knowledge.This virtual anatomy teaching system captures the three key factors.It can provide realistic and reusable teaching resources,expand the new medical education model,and effectively improve the quality of anatomy teaching.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fund Aided Project (60473128)
文摘To provide practical and surgical anatomy for the imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment of the disease of the caudate lobe of the liver. Methods: Based on Chinese Visible Human 1-5 data sets and assisted by 3D visualization and reconstruction, the 3D models of the upper abdomen or the liver were reconstructed and the cross-sectional images were converted to the coronal and sagittal images. The anatomy of the caudate lobe of the liver on the coronal and sagittal planes was investigated on serial planes of the upper abdomen. Results: The caudate lobe was bordered on the left by the fissura ligamenti venosi, posteriorly by the IVC, superiorly by the hepatic veins and inferiorly by the hepatic hilum. Its right and ventral borders might be obscure, with only relative borders existent. The right wall of the IVC was a good landmark to judge the relative realm of paracaval portion, and the relative ventral plane might exist between the hepatic hilum and entrance of hepatic veins. The caudate lobe could be divided into two principal regions: the left Spiegel lobe and the right paracaval portion. The caudate process, and the right rear process occurring in some individuals belonged to the right paracaval portion. The caudate lobe was blood supplied by the portal vein, which directly drained into the IVC. Conclusion: There are not definite borders for the right part of the caudate lobe, and most of the knowledge on it is based on the cast study, which may not suit for the clinical diagnosis and practice. The coronal and sagittal sections can better show the anatomic relationships between the caudate lobe, the other parts of the liver and the adjacent structures. The 3D digital visualization is an accurate and convenient study method for clinical anatomy.
文摘Background During scanning of the right hypochondrium and right intercostal regions with an ultrasonic transducer,several ultrasonic images of oblique sections are obtained.It is still a challenge for ultrasonography to divide these nonconventional sections into an accurate hepatic segmentation pattern.The aim of this research was to investigate the value of the virtual hepatic segment model (VHSM) in assisting the ultrasonic localization of space-occupying hepatic lesions.Methods VHSM was constructed via 3D reconstruction according to the first Chinese visible human dataset.Preoperative ultrasonography,contrast-enhanced CT scan and VHSM techniques were performed in 100 patients with spaceoccupying focal lesions in the liver parenchyma for segmental localization.The results of these three techniques were compared with the operative findings.Results VHSM was successfully detected on 2D sectional images by 3D reconstruction through surface rendering and volume rendering.The model could simulate ultrasonic directions to conduct a virtual dissection on any section plane,and fine liver segmentation could be displayed in any virtual plane.In 100 patients,there were 112 liver space-occupying focal lesions distributed in 148 liver segmentations.Regarding the positioning accuracies for lesions of different sizes and the lesion segmental distribution accuracies estimated using the three methods mentioned above,ultrasonography exhibited a significantly lower accuracy than VHSM for the segmental localization of lesions (P <0.05),and contrast-enhanced CT was not significantly different from ultrasonography plus VHSM (P >0.05).Conclusion VHSM increased the accuracy of ultrasonic localization of space-occupying hepatic lesions,particularly in hepatic hypovascular regions.