In this paper,a thin cloud removal method was put forward based on the linear relationships between the thin cloud reflectance in the channels from 0.4 μm to 1.0 μm and 1.38 μm.Channels of 0.66 μm,0.86 μm and 1....In this paper,a thin cloud removal method was put forward based on the linear relationships between the thin cloud reflectance in the channels from 0.4 μm to 1.0 μm and 1.38 μm.Channels of 0.66 μm,0.86 μm and 1.38 μm were chosen to extract the water body information under the thin cloud.Two study cases were selected to validate the thin cloud removal method.One case was applied with the Earth Observation System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(EOS/MODIS) data,and the other with the Medium Resolution Spectral Imager(MERSI) and Visible and Infrared Radiometer(VIRR) data from Fengyun-3A(FY-3A).The test results showed that thin cloud removal method did not change the reflectivity of the ground surface under the clear sky.To the area contaminated by the thin cloud,the reflectance decreased to be closer to the reference reflectance under the clear sky after the thin cloud removal.The spatial distribution of the water body area could not be extracted before the thin cloud removal,while water information could be easily identified by using proper near infrared channel threshold after removing the thin cloud.The thin cloud removal method could improve the image quality and water body extraction precision effectively.展开更多
Bali sardinella (Sardinella lemuru) is the main fishing catches in Bali Strait. The distribution of S. lemuru and its preferred oceanographic condition were investigated from remotely sensed data. The objectives of th...Bali sardinella (Sardinella lemuru) is the main fishing catches in Bali Strait. The distribution of S. lemuru and its preferred oceanographic condition were investigated from remotely sensed data. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the distribution of S. lemuru and the preferred oceanographic condition of S. lemuru in Bali Strait using remotely sensed data. Sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) were downloaded from ocean colour website meanwhile the fishing location generated from daily Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) boat detection (VDB), downloaded from NOAA website. The results showed that at the beginning of southeast monsoon (April), most of the fishing location appeared in the north part of Bali Strait, and moved to south part of Bali Strait at the end of the southeast monsoon (September). The results also revealed that most of fishing location of S. lemuru located in SST value of 26℃– 30℃ and chl-a value of 0.3 – 0.8 mg/m3. Integration VDB data and oceanographic condition generated from remotely sensed data could form the basis for fisheries management and information system, such as S. lemuru in Bali Strait, in the future.展开更多
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an important role in formation and development of the East Asian atmospheric circulation, climate variability, and disastrous weathers in China. Among the many topics on TP meteorology, ...The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an important role in formation and development of the East Asian atmospheric circulation, climate variability, and disastrous weathers in China. Among the many topics on TP meteorology, it is critical to understand the microphysical characteristics of clouds over the TP;however, observations of the cloud microphysics in this area are insufficient mainly due to sparse stations and limited cloud physical data. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VⅡRS), onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite, has an improved imaging spectroradiometer with 17 channels of 750-m moderate resolution and 5 channels of 375-m image resolution. The high-resolution instrument has an advantage for observing the small or initial convective clouds. Based on the methodologies that we proposed before for retrieving cloud microphysical properties from SNPP, an automated mapping software package named Automatic Mapping of Convective Clouds (AMCC) has been developed at the scale of satellite swath. The properties of convective clouds are retrieved by AMCC and their values are averaged over 0.33°×0.33° grids based on the SNPP/VⅡRS satellite data over the TP during the summers of 2013-17. The results show that:(1) the temperature of lifting condensation level (TLCL) at Naqu meteorological station and the cloud base temperature (Tb) retrieved from VⅡRS are linearly correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 and standard deviation (STD) of 3.0℃;(2) convective clouds over the TP have the following macro-and microphysical properties. First, the cloud base temperature (Tb) is about -5℃, the cloud base height above the ground (Hb) ranges between 1800 and 2200 m, and the cloud water content is low. Second, the cloud condensation nuclei concentration (NCCN) is between 200 and 400 mg-1 with 0.7% in maximum supersaturation (Smax);consequently, the condensation growth of water cloud droplet with less NCCN and higher Smax is fast. Third, because the precipitation initiation depth (D14) varies within 1500-2000 m and 500-1000 m at the Yarlung Zangbo River basin and southern Tibet, respectively, the clouds over these areas are more prone to precipitation. Fourth, mean height of the cloud top above sea level (Htop) is between 10 and 13 km, but the cloud depth (Dcld) is rather small, which is about 5000 m in southern TP and gradually reduces to 2500 m in northern TP. Fifth, the glaciation temperature (Tg) ranges from -30℃ in central and southern TP to -25℃ in northern TP, which, combined with the warmer Tg and the Tb less than 0℃, leads to the domination of ice process in the clouds;(3) the macro-and microphysical properties of convective clouds over the TP explain why rainfall there is frequent and lasts over a short time with small amount and large rain drops.展开更多
文摘针对夜间云检测验证中低云和雾难以区分的困难,提出了对于南方山区有效的云检测和验证方案。通过分析可见光红外成像辐射仪套件(visible infrared imager radiometer suite,VIIRS)传感器数据的新特性和云检测的原理,给出了适合VIIRS夜间云检测的方法。对白天/夜间波段(day and night band,DNB)数据对云检测验证的适用性进行了分析。结果表明:在月亮天顶角小于60°时,DNB波段能够较好地用于夜间云检测验证;在扫描角小于15°时,云检测精度不低于91%;使用VIIRS的M12和M13通道的亮温差值BTM12-BTM13辅助M12和M15通道的亮温差值BTM12-BTM15进行低云检测,能够去除大部分山谷中雾的影响;检测阈值对扫描角大小变化敏感,当扫描角较大时,设定的阈值在检测精度上不如扫描角较小时理想。
基金Under the auspices of National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.40901231,41101517)
文摘In this paper,a thin cloud removal method was put forward based on the linear relationships between the thin cloud reflectance in the channels from 0.4 μm to 1.0 μm and 1.38 μm.Channels of 0.66 μm,0.86 μm and 1.38 μm were chosen to extract the water body information under the thin cloud.Two study cases were selected to validate the thin cloud removal method.One case was applied with the Earth Observation System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(EOS/MODIS) data,and the other with the Medium Resolution Spectral Imager(MERSI) and Visible and Infrared Radiometer(VIRR) data from Fengyun-3A(FY-3A).The test results showed that thin cloud removal method did not change the reflectivity of the ground surface under the clear sky.To the area contaminated by the thin cloud,the reflectance decreased to be closer to the reference reflectance under the clear sky after the thin cloud removal.The spatial distribution of the water body area could not be extracted before the thin cloud removal,while water information could be easily identified by using proper near infrared channel threshold after removing the thin cloud.The thin cloud removal method could improve the image quality and water body extraction precision effectively.
文摘Bali sardinella (Sardinella lemuru) is the main fishing catches in Bali Strait. The distribution of S. lemuru and its preferred oceanographic condition were investigated from remotely sensed data. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the distribution of S. lemuru and the preferred oceanographic condition of S. lemuru in Bali Strait using remotely sensed data. Sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) were downloaded from ocean colour website meanwhile the fishing location generated from daily Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) boat detection (VDB), downloaded from NOAA website. The results showed that at the beginning of southeast monsoon (April), most of the fishing location appeared in the north part of Bali Strait, and moved to south part of Bali Strait at the end of the southeast monsoon (September). The results also revealed that most of fishing location of S. lemuru located in SST value of 26℃– 30℃ and chl-a value of 0.3 – 0.8 mg/m3. Integration VDB data and oceanographic condition generated from remotely sensed data could form the basis for fisheries management and information system, such as S. lemuru in Bali Strait, in the future.
基金Supported by the China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund for the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment(GYHY201406001)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1507903)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41575136)
文摘The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an important role in formation and development of the East Asian atmospheric circulation, climate variability, and disastrous weathers in China. Among the many topics on TP meteorology, it is critical to understand the microphysical characteristics of clouds over the TP;however, observations of the cloud microphysics in this area are insufficient mainly due to sparse stations and limited cloud physical data. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VⅡRS), onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite, has an improved imaging spectroradiometer with 17 channels of 750-m moderate resolution and 5 channels of 375-m image resolution. The high-resolution instrument has an advantage for observing the small or initial convective clouds. Based on the methodologies that we proposed before for retrieving cloud microphysical properties from SNPP, an automated mapping software package named Automatic Mapping of Convective Clouds (AMCC) has been developed at the scale of satellite swath. The properties of convective clouds are retrieved by AMCC and their values are averaged over 0.33°×0.33° grids based on the SNPP/VⅡRS satellite data over the TP during the summers of 2013-17. The results show that:(1) the temperature of lifting condensation level (TLCL) at Naqu meteorological station and the cloud base temperature (Tb) retrieved from VⅡRS are linearly correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 and standard deviation (STD) of 3.0℃;(2) convective clouds over the TP have the following macro-and microphysical properties. First, the cloud base temperature (Tb) is about -5℃, the cloud base height above the ground (Hb) ranges between 1800 and 2200 m, and the cloud water content is low. Second, the cloud condensation nuclei concentration (NCCN) is between 200 and 400 mg-1 with 0.7% in maximum supersaturation (Smax);consequently, the condensation growth of water cloud droplet with less NCCN and higher Smax is fast. Third, because the precipitation initiation depth (D14) varies within 1500-2000 m and 500-1000 m at the Yarlung Zangbo River basin and southern Tibet, respectively, the clouds over these areas are more prone to precipitation. Fourth, mean height of the cloud top above sea level (Htop) is between 10 and 13 km, but the cloud depth (Dcld) is rather small, which is about 5000 m in southern TP and gradually reduces to 2500 m in northern TP. Fifth, the glaciation temperature (Tg) ranges from -30℃ in central and southern TP to -25℃ in northern TP, which, combined with the warmer Tg and the Tb less than 0℃, leads to the domination of ice process in the clouds;(3) the macro-and microphysical properties of convective clouds over the TP explain why rainfall there is frequent and lasts over a short time with small amount and large rain drops.
