AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergenc...AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergence insufficiency and to compare their diagnostic value in clinical applications.METHODS:Using the diagnostic test method,62 adult patients with convergence insufficiency(age:24.74±3.75y)and 62 normal participants(age:23.61±3.13y)who visited the Optometry Clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2021 to January 2023 were included.All subjects completed the CISS and COVD-QOL.Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CISS and COVD-QOL and comparison and joint experimental analysis of their diagnostic efficacy were performed.RESULTS:The sensitivity of the CISS and COVD-QOL for convergence insufficiency was 64.5%and 71.0%,respectively,while the specificity was 96.8%and 67.7%,respectively.Compared to the CISS alone,the combination of the CISS and COVD-QOL demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CISS,COVD-QOL and CISS combined with COVD-QOL were 0.806,0.694 and 0.782,respectively.CONCLUSION:Considering the low sensitivity of the CISS and the low specificity of the COVD-QOL,it is recommended to supplement these questionnaires with other screening tests for the detection of convergence insufficiency.展开更多
AIM：To survey the prevalence and causes of visual impairment/blindness among elderly Chinese from different socioeconomic status in community-based design.METHODS：Cluster-sampling randomly selected residents from Bi...AIM：To survey the prevalence and causes of visual impairment/blindness among elderly Chinese from different socioeconomic status in community-based design.METHODS：Cluster-sampling randomly selected residents from Binhu and Funing District,two areas representing different socioeconomic levels in China with Binhu in an advanced status and Funing in lessdeveloped area.The participants subjected to ophthalmic examination.The presenting visual acuity（PVA） and best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA） were recorded.Visual impairment and blindness were defined according to World Health Organization criteria.The causes of visual impairment/blindness were identified by ophthalmic examination and/or questionnaire.The socioeconomic status included the per capita gross domestic product,numbers of hospital with ophthalmic service and the number of ophthalmologists per 1 million residents.RESULTS：We successfully included 12 867 participants form 2 areas in this study.The prevalence of PVA impairment（〈20/63 to ≥20/400） in the better eye was 5.4% in Binhu and 23.6% in Funing,while the prevalence of blindness（〈20/400） was 0.9% in Binhu and 2.3% in Funing.With BCVA,the prevalence of visual impairment was 2.4% in Binhu and 6.4% in Funing,while the prevalence of blindness was 0.8% in Binhu and 1.6% in Funing.The participants with older age and female gender had higher prevalence in visual impairment and blindness.The highest prevalences of vision impairment and blindness evaluated by BCVA at 〉80y age group reached 20.4% and 6.3% respectively.The prevalences of vision impairment and blindness evaluated by BCVA were 3.5% and 1.0% in male and 5.0% and 1.3% in female.The above differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.The predominant causes of visual impairment and blindness were cataract,retinal disorders and uncorrected refractive error in both areas.The socioeconomic status was associated with visual impairment and blindness.CONCLUSION：This community-based study build a sufficient sample size for an ophthalmic survey.Our data show the disparities on socioeconomic development and genders in visual impairment and blindness in China.Special emphasis of ophthalmic service should be placed on females and less-developed area.展开更多
AT the turn of the century, world leaders gathered together at an extraordinary UN summit and put forward a bold vision for future development with a plan dubbed the Millennium Declaration. In the years since, the int...AT the turn of the century, world leaders gathered together at an extraordinary UN summit and put forward a bold vision for future development with a plan dubbed the Millennium Declaration. In the years since, the international community has made great strides in fulfilling the Millennium Development Goals （MDGs） - a series of objectives largely centered on poverty reduction - and have even reached some targets well ahead of the 2015 deadline.展开更多
The "Four Comprehensive"(comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively governing the country with the rule of law and comprehensi...The "Four Comprehensive"(comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively governing the country with the rule of law and comprehensive and stricter governing the CPC) strategic layout is a major strategic thinking to co-ordinate domestic development, and also a major strategic thinking to coordinate relations between China and the world, gets unified in the great practice of the CPC Governance of the country, takes into consideration both the Chinese characteristics and the trend of the world, will push the Chinese peaceful development road(PDR) to a new height. The "Four Comprehensive" strategic thinking and strategic layout provide the basic impetus, basic assurance, basic support and basic political guarantee for China's PDR. Meanwhile, the PDR is the external conditions for realization of the "Four Comprehensive" strategic layout, and the escort for its smooth realization. The "Four Comprehensive" strategic thinking broadens the PDR, enriches and expands the connotation and extension of the PDR, put new era characteristics on the PDR, and furthers and develops the diplomatic theoretical system with the Chinese characteristics.展开更多
China has experienced rapid economic growth since its reform and opening up 40 years ago.The prime mover and key driver of these amazing achievements originated in China’s transformation from a planned economy to a s...China has experienced rapid economic growth since its reform and opening up 40 years ago.The prime mover and key driver of these amazing achievements originated in China’s transformation from a planned economy to a socialist market economy,and from a closed economy to an open economy.The optimal allocation of the various factors of production and the interaction of economic growth and structural upgrading also played a significant part.China’s economic growth over the 40 years has applied,and proven effective,the general principles of development economics,and more importantly,based on the realities of China,it has contributed to theoretical innovation and institutional innovation,leading China along the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Entering the new era,China is committed to building a modern economic system and promoting high-quality development under the guidance of the new development concepts of innovation,coordination,green development,opening up and sharing.展开更多
文摘AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergence insufficiency and to compare their diagnostic value in clinical applications.METHODS:Using the diagnostic test method,62 adult patients with convergence insufficiency(age:24.74±3.75y)and 62 normal participants(age:23.61±3.13y)who visited the Optometry Clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2021 to January 2023 were included.All subjects completed the CISS and COVD-QOL.Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CISS and COVD-QOL and comparison and joint experimental analysis of their diagnostic efficacy were performed.RESULTS:The sensitivity of the CISS and COVD-QOL for convergence insufficiency was 64.5%and 71.0%,respectively,while the specificity was 96.8%and 67.7%,respectively.Compared to the CISS alone,the combination of the CISS and COVD-QOL demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CISS,COVD-QOL and CISS combined with COVD-QOL were 0.806,0.694 and 0.782,respectively.CONCLUSION:Considering the low sensitivity of the CISS and the low specificity of the COVD-QOL,it is recommended to supplement these questionnaires with other screening tests for the detection of convergence insufficiency.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81070718)the 333 Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BRA2010173)
文摘AIM：To survey the prevalence and causes of visual impairment/blindness among elderly Chinese from different socioeconomic status in community-based design.METHODS：Cluster-sampling randomly selected residents from Binhu and Funing District,two areas representing different socioeconomic levels in China with Binhu in an advanced status and Funing in lessdeveloped area.The participants subjected to ophthalmic examination.The presenting visual acuity（PVA） and best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA） were recorded.Visual impairment and blindness were defined according to World Health Organization criteria.The causes of visual impairment/blindness were identified by ophthalmic examination and/or questionnaire.The socioeconomic status included the per capita gross domestic product,numbers of hospital with ophthalmic service and the number of ophthalmologists per 1 million residents.RESULTS：We successfully included 12 867 participants form 2 areas in this study.The prevalence of PVA impairment（〈20/63 to ≥20/400） in the better eye was 5.4% in Binhu and 23.6% in Funing,while the prevalence of blindness（〈20/400） was 0.9% in Binhu and 2.3% in Funing.With BCVA,the prevalence of visual impairment was 2.4% in Binhu and 6.4% in Funing,while the prevalence of blindness was 0.8% in Binhu and 1.6% in Funing.The participants with older age and female gender had higher prevalence in visual impairment and blindness.The highest prevalences of vision impairment and blindness evaluated by BCVA at 〉80y age group reached 20.4% and 6.3% respectively.The prevalences of vision impairment and blindness evaluated by BCVA were 3.5% and 1.0% in male and 5.0% and 1.3% in female.The above differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.The predominant causes of visual impairment and blindness were cataract,retinal disorders and uncorrected refractive error in both areas.The socioeconomic status was associated with visual impairment and blindness.CONCLUSION：This community-based study build a sufficient sample size for an ophthalmic survey.Our data show the disparities on socioeconomic development and genders in visual impairment and blindness in China.Special emphasis of ophthalmic service should be placed on females and less-developed area.
文摘AT the turn of the century, world leaders gathered together at an extraordinary UN summit and put forward a bold vision for future development with a plan dubbed the Millennium Declaration. In the years since, the international community has made great strides in fulfilling the Millennium Development Goals （MDGs） - a series of objectives largely centered on poverty reduction - and have even reached some targets well ahead of the 2015 deadline.
文摘The "Four Comprehensive"(comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively governing the country with the rule of law and comprehensive and stricter governing the CPC) strategic layout is a major strategic thinking to co-ordinate domestic development, and also a major strategic thinking to coordinate relations between China and the world, gets unified in the great practice of the CPC Governance of the country, takes into consideration both the Chinese characteristics and the trend of the world, will push the Chinese peaceful development road(PDR) to a new height. The "Four Comprehensive" strategic thinking and strategic layout provide the basic impetus, basic assurance, basic support and basic political guarantee for China's PDR. Meanwhile, the PDR is the external conditions for realization of the "Four Comprehensive" strategic layout, and the escort for its smooth realization. The "Four Comprehensive" strategic thinking broadens the PDR, enriches and expands the connotation and extension of the PDR, put new era characteristics on the PDR, and furthers and develops the diplomatic theoretical system with the Chinese characteristics.
文摘China has experienced rapid economic growth since its reform and opening up 40 years ago.The prime mover and key driver of these amazing achievements originated in China’s transformation from a planned economy to a socialist market economy,and from a closed economy to an open economy.The optimal allocation of the various factors of production and the interaction of economic growth and structural upgrading also played a significant part.China’s economic growth over the 40 years has applied,and proven effective,the general principles of development economics,and more importantly,based on the realities of China,it has contributed to theoretical innovation and institutional innovation,leading China along the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Entering the new era,China is committed to building a modern economic system and promoting high-quality development under the guidance of the new development concepts of innovation,coordination,green development,opening up and sharing.
