酶联荧光原位杂交技术(Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescent in situ hybridization,CARD-FISH)是原位识别、追踪、可视化环境微生物的先进技术。它能在植物组织中精确定位目标微生物,帮助监测微生物的存在及其在根系的定植策略...酶联荧光原位杂交技术(Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescent in situ hybridization,CARD-FISH)是原位识别、追踪、可视化环境微生物的先进技术。它能在植物组织中精确定位目标微生物,帮助监测微生物的存在及其在根系的定植策略。随着分子微生物生态技术的进步,CARD-FISH与其他技术联用更能高效解析复杂生境中微生物的功能特性,如CARD-FISH与纳米二次离子质谱技术(nanometer secondary ion mass spectrometry,nanoSIMS)联用能在单细胞水平上同时表征微生物的代谢功能与系统发育特性。综述CARD-FISH的原理、步骤、发展及其联用技术,为CARD-FISH用于植物组织微生物的定位和功能分析提供依据和参考。展开更多
Metro system has experienced the global rapid rise over the past decades. However,few studies have paid attention to the evolution in system usage with the network expanding. The paper's main objectives are to ana...Metro system has experienced the global rapid rise over the past decades. However,few studies have paid attention to the evolution in system usage with the network expanding. The paper's main objectives are to analyze passenger flow characteristics and evaluate travel time reliability for the Nanjing Metro network by visualizing the smart card data of April 2014,April 2015 and April 2016. We performed visualization techniques and comparative analyses to examine the changes in system usage between before and after the system expansion. Specifically,workdays,holidays and weekends were specially segmented for analysis.Results showed that workdays had obvious morning and evening peak hours due to daily commuting,while no obvious peak hours existed in weekends and holidays and the daily traffic was evenly distributed. Besides,some metro stations had a serious directional imbalance,especially during the morning and evening peak hours of workdays. Serious unreliability occurred in morning peaks on workdays and the reliability of new lines was relatively low,meanwhile,new stations had negative effects on exiting stations in terms of reliability. Monitoring the evolution of system usage over years enables the identification of system performance and can serve as an input for improving the metro system quality.展开更多
文摘酶联荧光原位杂交技术(Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescent in situ hybridization,CARD-FISH)是原位识别、追踪、可视化环境微生物的先进技术。它能在植物组织中精确定位目标微生物,帮助监测微生物的存在及其在根系的定植策略。随着分子微生物生态技术的进步,CARD-FISH与其他技术联用更能高效解析复杂生境中微生物的功能特性,如CARD-FISH与纳米二次离子质谱技术(nanometer secondary ion mass spectrometry,nanoSIMS)联用能在单细胞水平上同时表征微生物的代谢功能与系统发育特性。综述CARD-FISH的原理、步骤、发展及其联用技术,为CARD-FISH用于植物组织微生物的定位和功能分析提供依据和参考。
基金Sponsored by Projects of International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51561135003)Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51338003)
文摘Metro system has experienced the global rapid rise over the past decades. However,few studies have paid attention to the evolution in system usage with the network expanding. The paper's main objectives are to analyze passenger flow characteristics and evaluate travel time reliability for the Nanjing Metro network by visualizing the smart card data of April 2014,April 2015 and April 2016. We performed visualization techniques and comparative analyses to examine the changes in system usage between before and after the system expansion. Specifically,workdays,holidays and weekends were specially segmented for analysis.Results showed that workdays had obvious morning and evening peak hours due to daily commuting,while no obvious peak hours existed in weekends and holidays and the daily traffic was evenly distributed. Besides,some metro stations had a serious directional imbalance,especially during the morning and evening peak hours of workdays. Serious unreliability occurred in morning peaks on workdays and the reliability of new lines was relatively low,meanwhile,new stations had negative effects on exiting stations in terms of reliability. Monitoring the evolution of system usage over years enables the identification of system performance and can serve as an input for improving the metro system quality.
