The elderly's perception of their environment largely depends on acquired visual information.This study provides a quantitative analytical method for designing bedrooms in nursing homes by developing a computation...The elderly's perception of their environment largely depends on acquired visual information.This study provides a quantitative analytical method for designing bedrooms in nursing homes by developing a computational model that uses viewing distance,viewing angle,and viewing field as variables.The model is utilized to measure a range of visual environmental properties,including privacy,accessibility,permeability,and visibility,which reflect the quality of bedrooms in nursing homes.The suitability levels of bedroom planes for the elderly and their main living functions as well as the fitting degree of the functional layout are calculated based on these data.After validating the computational moders feasibility,this study optimizes the typical schemes of single and double rooms in nursing homes.Results reveal certain advantages of the arrangement where bathroom doors are set toward the inside of the bedroom and double rooms have a large width.The computational model can be used in measuring the spatial quality of bedrooms in nursing homes and as a mathematical model for related algorithm design and software programming to assist in the design and optimization of bedrooms for the elderly.展开更多
Long-time driving and monotonous visual environment increase the safety risk of driving in an extra-long tunnel. Driving fatigue can be effectively relieved by setting the visual fatigue relief zone in the tunnel. How...Long-time driving and monotonous visual environment increase the safety risk of driving in an extra-long tunnel. Driving fatigue can be effectively relieved by setting the visual fatigue relief zone in the tunnel. However, the setting form of visual fatigue relief zone, such as its length and location, is difficult to be designed and quantified. By integrating virtual reality(VR) apparatus with wearable electroencephalogram(EEG)-based devices, a hybrid method was proposed in this study to assist analyzers to formulate the layout of visual fatigue relief zone in the extra-long tunnel.The virtual environment of this study was based on an 11.5 km extra-long tunnel located in Yunnan Province in China.The results indicated that the use of natural landscape decoration inside the tunnel could improve driving fatigue with the growth rate of attention of the driver increased by more than 20%. The accumulation of driving fatigue had a negative effect on the fatigue relief. The results demonstrated that the optimal location of the fatigue relief zone was at the place where driving fatigue had just occurred rather than at the place where a certain amount of driving fatigue had accumulated.展开更多
Monitoring techniques are a key technology for examining the conditions in various scenarios, e.g., structural conditions, weather conditions, and disasters. In order to understand such scenarios, the appropriate extr...Monitoring techniques are a key technology for examining the conditions in various scenarios, e.g., structural conditions, weather conditions, and disasters. In order to understand such scenarios, the appropriate extraction of their features from observation data is important. This paper proposes a monitoring method that allows sound environments to be expressed as a sound pattern. To this end, the concept of synesthesia is exploited. That is, the keys, tones, and pitches of the monitored sound are expressed using the three elements of color, that is, the hue, saturation, and brightness, respectively. In this paper, it is assumed that the hue, saturation, and brightness can be detected from the chromagram, sonogram, and sound spectrogram, respectively, based on a previous synesthesia experiment. Then, the sound pattern can be drawn using color, yielding a “painted sound map.” The usefulness of the proposed monitoring technique is verified using environmental sound data observed at a galleria.展开更多
Geographical information systems (GIS) are often used to design environmental justice (EJ) policy interventions. Leveraging GIS and other graphics, overburdened EJ communities can learn from maps that geographically l...Geographical information systems (GIS) are often used to design environmental justice (EJ) policy interventions. Leveraging GIS and other graphics, overburdened EJ communities can learn from maps that geographically link environmental burden (EB) and social disparity (SD) data. Visually representing EB and SD data concretizes the unjust distributions of environmental and broader inequitable societal policies. These maps can be used to efficaciously assess EJ disparities created by such policies through exploring socioeconomic characteristics with local communities. Given the great variation in how GIS EJ applications measure and visualize EB and SD, we present a community-based participatory design (CBPD) lens to collaboratively work across overburdened communities and support making EJ data accessible to all stakeholders. Our location proximity approach is a powerful way to assess overburdened EJ communities because it relies on user-predefined boundaries, and it doesn’t use a single fixed unit of reference to prioritize areas of intervention. Moreover, most areal unit applications use ordinal measures, such as percentiles, and multidimensional indexes, which are intelligible to understand by many residents. Leveraging a community-based participatory design methodology, we present our novel Proximity to Hazards Dashboard (PHD) that includes data on asphalt plants and industrial corridors, hazards often missing from state-level dashboards but very relevant for city policymaking, as well as more traditionally used environmental hazard sources. The use of the tool by policymakers and community members suggests that EJ categorization should focus less on procedural benchmarks and more on systemic change for policy impacts in ways that sustain the participatory nature of our approach.展开更多
抗生素与内分泌干扰物是近些年全球广泛关注的新污染物。基于中国知网和Web of Science数据库检索河流中抗生素与内分泌干扰物环境行为的研究动态,使用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件进行文献计量学分析。结果表明:2000—2022年共发表该研究...抗生素与内分泌干扰物是近些年全球广泛关注的新污染物。基于中国知网和Web of Science数据库检索河流中抗生素与内分泌干扰物环境行为的研究动态,使用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件进行文献计量学分析。结果表明:2000—2022年共发表该研究领域相关文献2085篇,包括399篇中文和1686篇英文文献,年发文量呈上升趋势且在过去5年迅速增长。英文文献涉及全球96个国家和2022所研究机构,中国和美国的国际表现力较为突出,发文量分别为773和251篇,其中中国科学院大学发文量位居第一且与国内外机构合作紧密。发文的期刊以环境科学类为主,多学科交叉融合,其中中英文期刊分别以《环境科学》和Science of the Total Environment发文量最多。关键词聚类与时区图谱表明,该领域当前以区域性研究为主,双酚A、壬基酚、有机氯农药等内分泌干扰物与四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类等抗生素在河流中的污染特征研究较为广泛,而针对激素类内分泌干扰物的研究仍不充分,污染物在河流中的迁移、转化、去除等机理研究是当前主要方向。突现词结果表明,过去20年该领域研究可分为3个阶段,早期研究以分析方法和河流中赋存特征等污染调查为主,中期研究以探究污染物的运移归趋为主,近年来研究由生态风险评估转向河流水生态健康管理服务,发展符合区域特征的污染物管控策略与去除技术是当前热点和未来趋势。此外,由抗生素污染衍生的耐药性问题引起全球关注,抗生素抗性基因的产生和传播机制及生态与健康风险也是当前热点和未来关注的重点。展开更多
为探究微塑料的研究现状、热点及趋势,以Web of Science核心合集数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库为数据来源,利用CiteSpace等软件绘制作者及机构共现网络图谱、区域分布特征图谱、关键词共现网络图谱和参考文献共被引图谱等,对环境微塑料...为探究微塑料的研究现状、热点及趋势,以Web of Science核心合集数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库为数据来源,利用CiteSpace等软件绘制作者及机构共现网络图谱、区域分布特征图谱、关键词共现网络图谱和参考文献共被引图谱等,对环境微塑料尤其是土壤微塑料的研究现状及热点进行可视化分析。结果表明:微塑料研究自2016年开始逐步加强,其中土壤微塑料的研究热度在2021—2022年迅速上升;对于土壤微塑料,丰度分布、污染机制和健康风险等是当前研究的热点;完善土壤微塑料检测方法体系,探寻合适的土壤微塑料污染治理和管控方法及对策,对于维护生态安全和保障人体健康具有重要意义。展开更多
基金This research received support from the “Research into Basic Space Design Parameters of Disabled Elderly Care in Severe Cold Region on the Basis of Behavioral Experiment”(E2018029)Natural Science Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province of China.
文摘The elderly's perception of their environment largely depends on acquired visual information.This study provides a quantitative analytical method for designing bedrooms in nursing homes by developing a computational model that uses viewing distance,viewing angle,and viewing field as variables.The model is utilized to measure a range of visual environmental properties,including privacy,accessibility,permeability,and visibility,which reflect the quality of bedrooms in nursing homes.The suitability levels of bedroom planes for the elderly and their main living functions as well as the fitting degree of the functional layout are calculated based on these data.After validating the computational moders feasibility,this study optimizes the typical schemes of single and double rooms in nursing homes.Results reveal certain advantages of the arrangement where bathroom doors are set toward the inside of the bedroom and double rooms have a large width.The computational model can be used in measuring the spatial quality of bedrooms in nursing homes and as a mathematical model for related algorithm design and software programming to assist in the design and optimization of bedrooms for the elderly.
基金Project(2018YFB2101000) supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(20YF1451400) supported by Shanghai Sailing Program,ChinaProject(SLDRCE19-A-14) supported by the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering,China。
文摘Long-time driving and monotonous visual environment increase the safety risk of driving in an extra-long tunnel. Driving fatigue can be effectively relieved by setting the visual fatigue relief zone in the tunnel. However, the setting form of visual fatigue relief zone, such as its length and location, is difficult to be designed and quantified. By integrating virtual reality(VR) apparatus with wearable electroencephalogram(EEG)-based devices, a hybrid method was proposed in this study to assist analyzers to formulate the layout of visual fatigue relief zone in the extra-long tunnel.The virtual environment of this study was based on an 11.5 km extra-long tunnel located in Yunnan Province in China.The results indicated that the use of natural landscape decoration inside the tunnel could improve driving fatigue with the growth rate of attention of the driver increased by more than 20%. The accumulation of driving fatigue had a negative effect on the fatigue relief. The results demonstrated that the optimal location of the fatigue relief zone was at the place where driving fatigue had just occurred rather than at the place where a certain amount of driving fatigue had accumulated.
文摘Monitoring techniques are a key technology for examining the conditions in various scenarios, e.g., structural conditions, weather conditions, and disasters. In order to understand such scenarios, the appropriate extraction of their features from observation data is important. This paper proposes a monitoring method that allows sound environments to be expressed as a sound pattern. To this end, the concept of synesthesia is exploited. That is, the keys, tones, and pitches of the monitored sound are expressed using the three elements of color, that is, the hue, saturation, and brightness, respectively. In this paper, it is assumed that the hue, saturation, and brightness can be detected from the chromagram, sonogram, and sound spectrogram, respectively, based on a previous synesthesia experiment. Then, the sound pattern can be drawn using color, yielding a “painted sound map.” The usefulness of the proposed monitoring technique is verified using environmental sound data observed at a galleria.
文摘Geographical information systems (GIS) are often used to design environmental justice (EJ) policy interventions. Leveraging GIS and other graphics, overburdened EJ communities can learn from maps that geographically link environmental burden (EB) and social disparity (SD) data. Visually representing EB and SD data concretizes the unjust distributions of environmental and broader inequitable societal policies. These maps can be used to efficaciously assess EJ disparities created by such policies through exploring socioeconomic characteristics with local communities. Given the great variation in how GIS EJ applications measure and visualize EB and SD, we present a community-based participatory design (CBPD) lens to collaboratively work across overburdened communities and support making EJ data accessible to all stakeholders. Our location proximity approach is a powerful way to assess overburdened EJ communities because it relies on user-predefined boundaries, and it doesn’t use a single fixed unit of reference to prioritize areas of intervention. Moreover, most areal unit applications use ordinal measures, such as percentiles, and multidimensional indexes, which are intelligible to understand by many residents. Leveraging a community-based participatory design methodology, we present our novel Proximity to Hazards Dashboard (PHD) that includes data on asphalt plants and industrial corridors, hazards often missing from state-level dashboards but very relevant for city policymaking, as well as more traditionally used environmental hazard sources. The use of the tool by policymakers and community members suggests that EJ categorization should focus less on procedural benchmarks and more on systemic change for policy impacts in ways that sustain the participatory nature of our approach.
文摘抗生素与内分泌干扰物是近些年全球广泛关注的新污染物。基于中国知网和Web of Science数据库检索河流中抗生素与内分泌干扰物环境行为的研究动态,使用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件进行文献计量学分析。结果表明:2000—2022年共发表该研究领域相关文献2085篇,包括399篇中文和1686篇英文文献,年发文量呈上升趋势且在过去5年迅速增长。英文文献涉及全球96个国家和2022所研究机构,中国和美国的国际表现力较为突出,发文量分别为773和251篇,其中中国科学院大学发文量位居第一且与国内外机构合作紧密。发文的期刊以环境科学类为主,多学科交叉融合,其中中英文期刊分别以《环境科学》和Science of the Total Environment发文量最多。关键词聚类与时区图谱表明,该领域当前以区域性研究为主,双酚A、壬基酚、有机氯农药等内分泌干扰物与四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类等抗生素在河流中的污染特征研究较为广泛,而针对激素类内分泌干扰物的研究仍不充分,污染物在河流中的迁移、转化、去除等机理研究是当前主要方向。突现词结果表明,过去20年该领域研究可分为3个阶段,早期研究以分析方法和河流中赋存特征等污染调查为主,中期研究以探究污染物的运移归趋为主,近年来研究由生态风险评估转向河流水生态健康管理服务,发展符合区域特征的污染物管控策略与去除技术是当前热点和未来趋势。此外,由抗生素污染衍生的耐药性问题引起全球关注,抗生素抗性基因的产生和传播机制及生态与健康风险也是当前热点和未来关注的重点。
文摘为探究微塑料的研究现状、热点及趋势,以Web of Science核心合集数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库为数据来源,利用CiteSpace等软件绘制作者及机构共现网络图谱、区域分布特征图谱、关键词共现网络图谱和参考文献共被引图谱等,对环境微塑料尤其是土壤微塑料的研究现状及热点进行可视化分析。结果表明:微塑料研究自2016年开始逐步加强,其中土壤微塑料的研究热度在2021—2022年迅速上升;对于土壤微塑料,丰度分布、污染机制和健康风险等是当前研究的热点;完善土壤微塑料检测方法体系,探寻合适的土壤微塑料污染治理和管控方法及对策,对于维护生态安全和保障人体健康具有重要意义。
基金supported by Beijing Tongzhou District Science and Technology Innovation Talent Foundation(No.JCQN2023030)National Science Foundation of China(No.42274037)+1 种基金Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2022Z022051001)Beijing Wuzi University Youth Research Foundation(No.2022XJQN22)。
