AIM：To determine the Bruch＇s membrane opening-minimum rim width（BMO-MRW） tipping point where corresponding visual field（VF） damages become detectable.METHODS：A total of 85 normal subjects and 83 glaucoma patie...AIM：To determine the Bruch＇s membrane opening-minimum rim width（BMO-MRW） tipping point where corresponding visual field（VF） damages become detectable.METHODS：A total of 85 normal subjects and 83 glaucoma patients（one eye per participant） were recruited for the study.All of the patients had VF examinations and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to measure the BMO-MRW.Total deviation values for 52 VF points were allocated to the corresponding sector according to the Garway-Heath distribution map.To evaluate the relationship between VF loss and BMOMRW measurements,a ＂broken-stick＂ statistical model was used.The tipping point where the VF values started to sharply decrease as a function of BMO-MRW measurements was estimated and the slopes above and below this tipping point were compared.RESULTS：A 25.9% global BMO-MRW loss from normative value was required for the VF loss to be detectable.Sectorally,substantial BMO-MRW thinning in inferotemporal sector（33.1%） and relatively less BMO-MRW thinning in the superotemporal sector（8.9%） were necessary for the detection of the VF loss.Beyond the tipping point,the slopes were close to zero throughout all of the sectors and the VF loss was unrelated to the BMO-MRW loss.The VF loss was related to the BMO-MRW loss below the tipping point.The difference between the two slopes was statistically significant（P≤0.002）.CONCLUSION：Substantial BMO-MRW loss appears to be necessary for VF loss to be detectable in patients with open angle glaucoma with standard achromatic perimetry.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the driving performance in young and middle-aged Chinese glaucoma patients with mild to severe visual field loss compared to those without glaucoma by using a driving simulation test.METHODS:Twenty-nin...AIM:To evaluate the driving performance in young and middle-aged Chinese glaucoma patients with mild to severe visual field loss compared to those without glaucoma by using a driving simulation test.METHODS:Twenty-nine participants were included in this study:nine patients with glaucoma but pass the binocular Esterman visual field test,ten patients with glaucoma and fail the binocular Esterman visual field test,and ten age-matched healthy controls.A driving simulation test was designed as a frequency-based analysis of a lanekeeping task.The total performance error,the controlresponse amplitude and delay were calculated.RESULTS:Esterman visual field test fail group showed the longest delay of control-response among three groups(P=0.02).And the delay in lane-keeping task was significantly associated with inferior field of better-eye(r=0.51,P=0.004)and integrated visual field(r=0.55,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Young and middle-aged glaucoma patients with binocular visual field loss suffered from a longer delay of response in driving simulation test,while inferior visual field having more impact than superior visual field.展开更多
轮毂电驱动技术的研究是未来新能源驱动体系研究的重要方向。随着轮毂电驱动对转速的要求越来越高,搅油功率损失成为不可忽略的部分,甚至高达功率总损失的50%~80%。现有的计算搅油损失的方法主要是采用简单的经验公式,无法适用于复杂的...轮毂电驱动技术的研究是未来新能源驱动体系研究的重要方向。随着轮毂电驱动对转速的要求越来越高,搅油功率损失成为不可忽略的部分,甚至高达功率总损失的50%~80%。现有的计算搅油损失的方法主要是采用简单的经验公式,无法适用于复杂的行星齿轮传动。为此,采用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件与C语言用户自定义函数(User Defined Function,UDF)对两级行星齿轮传动飞溅润滑进行联合仿真,实现了油-气两相瞬态流场可视化;通过提取表面的压力和黏性力,得到了太阳轮、行星轮及行星架的搅油损失;对25种工况进行仿真与分析,得到了搅油功率损失随转速和浸油深度的变化趋势。结果表明,搅油功率损失随转速和浸油深度的增加而增大,且无明显的拐点,实现最小搅油损失应当在保证充分润滑的前提下取最小的浸油深度。展开更多
文摘AIM：To determine the Bruch＇s membrane opening-minimum rim width（BMO-MRW） tipping point where corresponding visual field（VF） damages become detectable.METHODS：A total of 85 normal subjects and 83 glaucoma patients（one eye per participant） were recruited for the study.All of the patients had VF examinations and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to measure the BMO-MRW.Total deviation values for 52 VF points were allocated to the corresponding sector according to the Garway-Heath distribution map.To evaluate the relationship between VF loss and BMOMRW measurements,a ＂broken-stick＂ statistical model was used.The tipping point where the VF values started to sharply decrease as a function of BMO-MRW measurements was estimated and the slopes above and below this tipping point were compared.RESULTS：A 25.9% global BMO-MRW loss from normative value was required for the VF loss to be detectable.Sectorally,substantial BMO-MRW thinning in inferotemporal sector（33.1%） and relatively less BMO-MRW thinning in the superotemporal sector（8.9%） were necessary for the detection of the VF loss.Beyond the tipping point,the slopes were close to zero throughout all of the sectors and the VF loss was unrelated to the BMO-MRW loss.The VF loss was related to the BMO-MRW loss below the tipping point.The difference between the two slopes was statistically significant（P≤0.002）.CONCLUSION：Substantial BMO-MRW loss appears to be necessary for VF loss to be detectable in patients with open angle glaucoma with standard achromatic perimetry.
基金Supported by State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81430007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81790641,No.81401533)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.18ZR1406000)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the driving performance in young and middle-aged Chinese glaucoma patients with mild to severe visual field loss compared to those without glaucoma by using a driving simulation test.METHODS:Twenty-nine participants were included in this study:nine patients with glaucoma but pass the binocular Esterman visual field test,ten patients with glaucoma and fail the binocular Esterman visual field test,and ten age-matched healthy controls.A driving simulation test was designed as a frequency-based analysis of a lanekeeping task.The total performance error,the controlresponse amplitude and delay were calculated.RESULTS:Esterman visual field test fail group showed the longest delay of control-response among three groups(P=0.02).And the delay in lane-keeping task was significantly associated with inferior field of better-eye(r=0.51,P=0.004)and integrated visual field(r=0.55,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Young and middle-aged glaucoma patients with binocular visual field loss suffered from a longer delay of response in driving simulation test,while inferior visual field having more impact than superior visual field.
文摘轮毂电驱动技术的研究是未来新能源驱动体系研究的重要方向。随着轮毂电驱动对转速的要求越来越高,搅油功率损失成为不可忽略的部分,甚至高达功率总损失的50%~80%。现有的计算搅油损失的方法主要是采用简单的经验公式,无法适用于复杂的行星齿轮传动。为此,采用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件与C语言用户自定义函数(User Defined Function,UDF)对两级行星齿轮传动飞溅润滑进行联合仿真,实现了油-气两相瞬态流场可视化;通过提取表面的压力和黏性力,得到了太阳轮、行星轮及行星架的搅油损失;对25种工况进行仿真与分析,得到了搅油功率损失随转速和浸油深度的变化趋势。结果表明,搅油功率损失随转速和浸油深度的增加而增大,且无明显的拐点,实现最小搅油损失应当在保证充分润滑的前提下取最小的浸油深度。
