This study explored the accuracy of using visual evoked potentials(VEP)technology for visual acuity estimation.The enrolled 726 patients with post-traumatic unilateral decrease in visual acuity included the injured ey...This study explored the accuracy of using visual evoked potentials(VEP)technology for visual acuity estimation.The enrolled 726 patients with post-traumatic unilateral decrease in visual acuity included the injured eyes served as the experimental group,and the healthy eyes as the control group.The least signal visual angle(LSVA),and amplitude and latency of P100 were chosen as test indexes.The results under different experimental conditions were recorded by PRVEP technology.All data collected were processed...展开更多
Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral motivations.Colorful signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affil...Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral motivations.Colorful signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well understood.Here,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative relationships.Individuals with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory intruders.We did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant females.Additionally,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged in.Dominant males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small patches.However,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts themselves.Taken together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.展开更多
文摘This study explored the accuracy of using visual evoked potentials(VEP)technology for visual acuity estimation.The enrolled 726 patients with post-traumatic unilateral decrease in visual acuity included the injured eyes served as the experimental group,and the healthy eyes as the control group.The least signal visual angle(LSVA),and amplitude and latency of P100 were chosen as test indexes.The results under different experimental conditions were recorded by PRVEP technology.All data collected were processed...
基金supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery grant provided to SB(RGPIN-2016-05772)the National Science Foundation under grant No.1557836 provided to IMH.
文摘Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral motivations.Colorful signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well understood.Here,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative relationships.Individuals with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory intruders.We did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant females.Additionally,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged in.Dominant males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small patches.However,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts themselves.Taken together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.
