Utilization of eye care services among those with unilateral visual impairment in rural South India：Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study(APEDS)

AIM：To report on the utilization of eye care services and its associated factors among those with unilateral visual impairment（VI）in a rural South Indian population.METHODS：A population based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts（Adilabad,Mahbubnagar and West Godavari）in the state of Andhra Pradesh,India.A detailed interview and a comprehensive eye examination were conducted. Those with unilateral VI were asked questions about noticing any change in vision and on utilization of eye care services. The most important reason reported by the participant for not utilizing the services was used for the analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between noticing a change in vision and socio-demographic variables such as age,gender,education and area of residence,severity and causes of VI.RESULTS：Among the 4456 participants aged ≥16y who were administered the questionnaire,53.2% were women,and 54.7% had no education. Of the 489（11%; 95% CI：10.1-11.9）people with unilateral VI,399（81.6%）participants reported noticing a change in their vision over the last five years but only 136（34.1%）participants had soughteye care consultation. Those who had any education（OR：1.9; 95% CI：1.1-3.2）,had blindness（OR：2.7; 95% CI：1.4-5.2）,and cataract（OR：2.1; 95% CI：1.0-4.3）as a cause of unilateral VI were more like to seek eye care consultations. The most commonly reported reasons for not seeking eye care services were ＂do not have money for eye checkup＂ in 30.7% of the participants followed by ＂do not have a serious problem＂（30.0%）.CONCLUSION：A large proportion of rural population though noticed a change in their vision did not seek eye care due to financial and person-related reasons. Eye care service providers need to address these barriers to enhance the uptake of eye care services among those with unilateral VI.

Gazers in Visual Space of Cloud Atlas

Ekphrasis refers the vividly use of language to describe the visual details in literature.David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas has abundant literary ekphrasis of spaces.David Mitchell combines visual descriptions of environments with characters’emotions to convey themes.Utilizing the lens of visual culture and through the eyes of various protagonists,this essay examines two kinds of active gazers,namely“flâneurs”and“flâneuses”,as well as the“imperial gazers”in flowing spaces and colonial spaces respectively.This essay adopts the methods of urban studies and colonial criticism to explore Mitchell’s portrayal visual spaces in Cloud Atlas.

Ultrasound comparison of diffusion of local anesthetic solution after a peribulbar and a sub-Tenon's block: a pilot study

Dear Sir,Iam Dr.Emile Calenda,from the Department of Anesthesiology in Ophthalmology,Rouen University Hospital,Institute for Biomedical Research,Rouen,France.I write to present ultrasound visualization of local anesthetic spread after a sub-Tenon＇s anesthesia（3 patients）and after a peribulbar anesthesia（3 patients）.

Trends in research on osteoarthritis of the knee in conventional medicine:a bibliometric analysis based on big data from 1990-2022

Background:Osteoarthritis of the knee(KOA)is a chronic degenerative disease.KOA is a growing concern due to its high incidence and the pain and other burdens it places on patients.Traditional medicine is a health care model with a long history that includes nature-based treatments,psycho-psychological types of treatments,and more.Traditional medicine is also more effective in diagnosing and treating KOA,and it has never stopped researching KOA.There are no bibliometric studies analyzing articles on the traditional medical diagnosis and management of KOA.This study aimed to comprehensively analyze and analyze the general trends in the study of KOA in traditional medicine from a bibliometric perspective.Methods:All articles reporting on KOA and traditional medicine from 1 January 1990 to 01 November 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science Core.Some software such as CiteSpace,VOS Viewer and Scimago Graphica were used to analyse the publications,which included authors,citations,journals,references,countries where studies were published,institutions and research keywords.The final visualisations were produced using this data.Results:A total of 769 articles were searched.Peijian Tong was identified as the most contributing and published author in the field,and medicine was identified as the most reputable journal in the field of traditional medicine and osteoarthritis of the knee.China is a global leader in the field and a centre of collaboration in the field,with a major concentration of traditional medicine in Asia,which is consistent with the evidence that traditional medicine originated in Asia.According to the data,“osteoarthritis”,“knee osteoarthritis”,“pain”,and“knee”and“hip”were identified as hot keywords for research in this area.Conclusions:The results of this bibliometric study provide a snapshot of the current state of clinical research in the treatment of KOA in traditional medicine and are well placed to envisage future hotspots and possible trends,and may help to provide researchers with more than enough information with a view to guiding the cutting edge of research in this field and the infinite possibilities for the future.

P-Lite: A study of parallel coordinate plot literacy

Visualization literacy,the ability to interpret and comprehend visual designs,is recognized as an essential skill by the visualization community.We identify and investigate barriers to comprehending parallel coordinates plots(PCPs),one of the advanced graphical representations for the display of multivariate and high-dimensional data.We develop a parallel coordinates literacy test with diverse images generated using popular PCP software tools.The test improves PCP literacy and evaluates the user’s literacy skills.We introduce an interactive educational tool that assists the teaching and learning of parallel coordinates by offering a more active learning experience.Using this pedagogical tool,we aim to advance novice users’parallel coordinates literacy skills.Based on the hypothesis that an interactive tool that links traditional Cartesian Coordinates with PCPs interactively will enhance PCP literacy further than static slides,we compare the learning experience using traditional slides with our novel software tool and investigate the efficiency of the educational software with an online,crowdsourced user-study.User-study results show that our pedagogical tool positively impacts a user’s PCP comprehension.