Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants at Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital

BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem in exclusively breastfed infants,with supplementation recommended by various international medical organizations.However,in Thailand,no advice for routine vitamin D supplementation is available.Thus,this study investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors in exclusively breastfed infants in Bangkok,Thailand.AIM To investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors in exclusively breastfed infants in Bangkok,Thailand.METHODS This descriptive observational cross-sectional study assessed 1094-month-old infants at Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital from May 2020 to April 2021.The 25-OH vitamin D level of the infants was measured using an electrochemiluminescence binding assay.Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25-OH level<20 ng/mL,with vitamin D insufficiency 20-30 ng/mL.The sun index and maternal vitamin D supplementation data were collected and analyzed using the independent t-test,univariate logistic regression,and multivariate logistic regression to identify the associated factors.RESULTS The prevalences of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency were 35.78%and 33.03%,respectively with mean serum 25-OH vitamin D levels in these two groups 14.37±3.36 and 24.44±3.29 ng/mL.Multivariate logistic regression showed that the main factors associated with vitamin D status were maternal vitamin D supplementation and birth weight,with crude odds ratios 0.26(0.08–0.82)and 0.08(0.01–0.45),respectively.The sun index showed no correlation with the 25-OH vitamin D level in exclusively breastfed infants(r=−0.002,P=0.984).CONCLUSION Two-thirds of healthy exclusively breastfed infants had hypovitaminosis D.Vitamin D supplementation prevented this condition and was recommended for both lactating women and their babies.

关节镜半月板治疗膝骨关节炎对治疗有效率、VAS评分、HSS评分及TNF-α指标水平的应用研究

目的分析关节镜半月板治疗膝骨关节炎对治疗有效率、VAS评分、HSS评分及TNF-α指标水平的影响。方法选择2019年6月—2020年5月在我院进行治疗的86例因半月板损伤引起膝骨关节炎的患者作为研究对象,根据患者的意愿选择治疗方式,其中43例选择常规保守治疗的患者纳入对照组,另外43例选择关节镜半月板治疗的患者纳入研究组。对两组患者的治疗有效率、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、HSS膝关节评分及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)指标水平进行比较。结果研究组的治疗有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组与对照组在治疗前的VAS评分、HSS评分、TNF-α水平进行比较均无显著差异(P>0.05),两组经治疗后的VAS评分、HSS评分及TNF-α水平均得到了改善,研究组在治疗后的VAS评分、TNF-α指标水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),HSS评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对膝骨关节炎患者采取关节镜半月板治疗,具有显著效果,可有效减轻患者的疼痛程度与炎症反应,提升膝关节功能。

贫血与非贫血孕妇Hb、VA、SF、Zn、IFA表达差异及相关性探究

目的探究贫血与非贫血孕妇血红蛋白(Hb)、维生素A(VA)、铁蛋白(SF)、锌(Zn)及内因子抗体(IFA)表达差异,并分析各指标表达与孕妇贫血的相关性。方法选取2022年8月至2023年4月我院收治的102例贫血孕妇为贫血组(Hb<110g/L),另选取同期102例非贫血孕妇为非贫血组,检测两组Hb、VA、SF、Zn、IFA表达水平,分析孕妇贫血的影响因素,将贫血组根据外周血Hb水平进行贫血程度划分[轻度(100g/L≤Hb<110g/L)、中度(70g/L≤Hb<99g/L)],比较不同贫血程度孕妇、不同孕期贫血孕妇Hb、VA、SF、Zn、IFA表达差异,分析Hb、VA、SF、Zn、IFA表达水平与贫血孕妇孕期、贫血程度的相关性,并分析Hb、VA、SF、Zn、IFA表达对中度贫血的预测价值。结果两组孕周、妊娠期合并症相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);贫血组中度、轻度贫血孕妇Hb、VA、SF、Zn均低于非贫血组,IFA高于非贫血组(P<0.05),中度贫血孕妇Hb、VA、SF、Zn表达水平低于轻度贫血孕妇,IFA表达水平高于轻度贫血孕妇(P<0.05);不同孕期贫血孕妇Hb、VA、SF、Zn表达水平比较,孕晚期<孕中期<孕早期,IFA表达水平比较,孕早期<孕中期<孕晚期(P<0.05);Hb、VA、SF、Zn与贫血孕妇孕期、贫血程度呈负相关,IFA与贫血孕妇孕期、贫血程度呈正相关(P<0.05);孕周、妊娠期合并症、Hb、VA、SF、Zn、IFA是孕妇贫血的影响因素(P<0.05);Hb、VA、SF、Zn、IFA联合预测中度贫血的AUC为0.933,大于各参数单独预测(P<0.05)。结论贫血孕妇Hb、VA、SF、Zn、IFA表达明显异常,且Hb、VA、SF、Zn、IFA与贫血孕妇孕期、贫血程度联系密切,联合检测对预防孕妇中度贫血具有重要价值。

体旅结合助力乡村振兴的实践探索——以海南“村VA:九人制排球联赛”为例

在海南自贸港建设的背景下,乡村振兴战略和海南自由贸易港建设为海南农村体育发展提供了重要机遇。乡村振兴成为当前海南乃至中国农村面临的重要课题之一。在实施乡村振兴战略的大背景下,基于九人制排球赛(乡村排球)的火热场景对海南乡村振兴发展进行研究。本文通过对“体旅”在乡村振兴作用的分析,明确“体旅”作为一种新兴的农村振兴方式,在提升农村经济发展的同时,还具备推动文化传承、人才培养和社区建设等方面的作用。并进一步采用文献分析、案例分析和实地调研相结合的方法,以海南“村VA:九人制排球联赛”为例,探究“村VA:九人制排球联赛”体旅在海南自贸港背景下推动乡村振兴的有效性与可行性,为海南自贸港乡村振兴提供理论和实践参考。

Epidemic management in a measles outbreak in 2023,the return of vaccine-preventable diseases:A single center,retrospective observational study

Objective:To investigate the importance of immunization in preventing measles infection and to determine the most useful laboratory tests for confirmation of measles.Methods:This study included pediatric cases evaluated with a presumed diagnosis of measles between December 2022 and June 2023,at Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital.The effects of vaccination status and underlying disease on the clinical course,treatments,and complications were evaluated.Results:In total,117 patients were enrolled in the study with a median age of 80 months(IQR:32.5-125.0).Twelve patients with contact history were asymptomatic and had an underlying disorder,and intravenous immunoglobulin was given to them for post-exposure prophylaxis.Fifty-one patients had confirmed measles diagnosis.Ribavirin treatment was given to three patients(a newborn,a girl with rhabdomyosarcoma,and a healthy boy)with respiratory distress.Seventy-eight percent of confirmed measles cases were unvaccinated,and all hospitalized cases were unvaccinated or under-vaccinated.Four full-vaccinated children had confirmed measles infection.Measles PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs was negative in all of them,and their diagnosis was established with anti-measles IgM positivity.Conclusions:The measles vaccine is the most effective way to protect from measles and measles-related complications.Although measles can also occur in fully vaccinated patients,the disease is milder than in unvaccinated patients.Using ELISA and RT-PCR tests together may be beneficial in patients with high clinical suspicion for early diagnosis.

Calcium-fortified fresh milk ameliorates postmenopausal osteoporosis via regulation of bone metabolism and gut microbiota in ovariectomized rats

The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis in a rat model established using bilateral ovariectomy.After 3 months of FM(containing vitamin D,and casein phosphopeptides,1000 mg Ca/100 g)or control milk(110 mg Ca/100 g milk)supplementation,bone changes were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,microcomputed tomography,and bone biomechanical testing.The results revealed that FM can regulate bone metabolism and gut microbiota composition,which act on bone metabolism through pathways associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis,relaxin signaling,serotonergic synapse,and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.Furthermore,FM administration significantly increased bone mineral content and density in the lumbar spine and femur,as well as femoral compressive strength,while improving femoral trabecular bone parameters and microarchitecture.Mechanistically,we found that the effects may be due to increased levels of estrogen,bone formation marker osteocalcin,and procollagen typeⅠN-propeptide,and decreased expression of the bone resorption marker C-telopiptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b.Overall,the findings suggest that FM is a potential alternative therapeutic option for ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Vitamin D,selenium,and antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with Hashimoto's thyroiditis

BACKGROUND Diabetes and thyroiditis are closely related.They occur in combination and cause significant damage to the body.There is no clear treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT).While single symptomatic drug treatment of the two diseases is less effective,combined drug treatment may improve efficacy.AIM To investigate the effect of a combination of vitamin D,selenium,and hypoglycemic agents in T2DM with HT.METHODS This retrospective study included 150 patients with T2DM and HT treated at The Central Hospital of Shaoyang from March 2020 to February 2023.Fifty patients were assigned to the control group,test group A,and test group B according to different treatment methods.The control group received low-iodine diet guidance and hypoglycemic drug treatment.Test group A received the control treatment plus vitamin D treatment.Test group B received the group A treatment plus selenium.Blood levels of markers of thyroid function[free T3(FT3),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),free T4(FT4)],autoantibodies[thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAB)and thyroid globulin antibody(TGAB)],blood lipid index[low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),total cholesterol(TC),triacylglycerol(TG)],blood glucose index[fasting blood glucose(FBG),and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)]were measured pre-treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment.The relationships between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3]level and each of these indices were analyzed.RESULTS The levels of 25(OH)D3,FT3,FT4,and LDL-C increased in the order of the control group,test group A,and test group B(all P<0.05).The TPOAB,TGAB,TC,TG,FBG,HbA1c,and TSH levels increased in the order of test groups B,A,and the control group(all P<0.05).All the above indices were compared after 3 and 6 months of treatment.Pre-treatment,there was no divergence in serum 25(OH)D3 level,thyroid function-related indexes,autoantibodies level,blood glucose,and blood lipid index between the control group,test groups A and B(all P>0.05).The 25(OH)D3 levels in test groups A and B were negatively correlated with FT4 and TGAB(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination drug treatment for T2DM with HT significantly improved thyroid function,autoantibody,and blood glucose and lipid levels.

白桦脂酸在Va24NKT细胞杀伤胰腺癌细胞中的作用机制研究

目的研究白桦脂酸对Va24NKT细胞杀伤胰腺癌细胞的作用机制。方法从外周血中扩增Va24NKT细胞,同时将不同浓度的白桦脂酸作用于Va24NKT细胞、SW-1990细胞,MTT法检测Va24NKT细胞、SW-1990细胞生长,流式细胞仪检测NKG2D表达,Western blot法检测不同浓度白桦脂酸作用后NKT细胞中P-ERK1/2、ERK1/2的表达。结果白桦脂酸浓度在0.125~2μg/mL时能促进Va24NKT细胞的生长(P<0.05),经白桦脂酸诱导后的Va24NKT细胞NKG2D的表达显著高于对照组(P<0.05),对SW-1990细胞的杀伤活性亦显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论白桦脂酸在一定浓度下增强Va24NKT细胞杀伤胰腺癌细胞作用,白桦脂酸促进Va24NKT细胞生长与ERK1/2通路有关。

海南“村VA”与旅游融合助力乡村振兴的策略研究

乡村振兴战略是我国政府为了促进农村经济和社会全面发展而提出的重要方针。海南“村VA”作为乡村的一项特色文化活动,具有较高的群众参与度和较大市场潜力。然而,当前海南“村VA”赛事与旅游融合发展仍存在缺乏系统规划、开发深度不够、品牌影响力不足等问题,为了促进海南“村VA”与旅游深度融合,更好地助力乡村振兴,现提出以下策略:(1)政府等相关部门继续加强系统规划和政策支持,为“村VA”体育赛事活动与旅游融合发展提供坚实保障;(2)加大开发力度,创新融合模式,打造更多具有特色的“村VA”体育赛事旅游产品;(3)注重品牌建设,加大宣传推广力度,提高“村VA”体育赛事活动的知名度和影响力。

Selenium,Type-2 Diabetes,and the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin D

Diabetes is a pervasive and serious global health issue.According to the International Diabetes Federation report,463 million adults worldwide were living with diabetes in 2019,and this number is projected to reach 700 million in 2045^([1]).

Assessment of Oral Anticoagulation with Vitamin K Antagonists in Patients Living in a Low-Income Country of West Africa

Introduction: Despite the rise of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), vitamin K antagonists (VKA) remain the most widely used oral anticoagulants in developing countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of good anticoagulation in patients treated with VKA in Lomé and describe associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from November 2019 to October 2020 in the cardiology departments of two University teaching hospitals in Lomé (CHU Sylvanus Olympio and CHU Campus), involving patients on VKA for ≥3 months, with a target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5 and a therapeutic margin between 2 and 3. The quality of anticoagulation was assessed by the time in therapeutic range (TTR) which was assessed by the Rosendaal method. Good anticoagulation was defined by a TTR > 70%. Results: A total of 344 patients were included (mean age = 58 ± 13.8 years, women = 56.1%). Indications for VKA treatment were represented by venous thromboembolic disease (43.3%), supraventricular arrhythmia (28.2%), severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (19.8%) and pulmonary hypertension (8.7%). The average TTR was 47.6 ± 20.8%. The rate of good anticoagulation was 17.7%. Factors associated with good anticoagulation were the use of fluindione vs acenocoumarol (OR = 11.17;95% CI: 3.2 - 39.6;p = 0.0002), concomitant low-dose aspirin (OR 4.44;95% CI: 1.4 - 13.9;p = 0.01) and INR monitoring exclusively by the patient himself (OR = 4.92;95% CI: 1.5 - 16.3;p = 0.008). The rate of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications was each 2.6% and was not correlated with the quality of anticoagulation. Quality of anticoagulation by VKAs was poor in our practice. Factors associated with good anticoagulation were the use of fluindione vs acenocoumarol, concomitant low-dose aspirin and monitoring of INR exclusively by the patient himself. Conclusion: The quality of oral anticoagulation by VKAs could be improved in our practice by the creation of anticoagulation clinics for better therapeutic education of patients and efficient management of VKA dose, and the use of prescription assistance software.

Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Insulin Sensitivity and Islet β-Cell Secretory Function in Diabetic Patients from South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The role of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa has not been adequately assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of low vitamin D level and secondary hyperparathyroidism and their association with insulin sensitivity and β-cell secretory function among Congolese type 2 diabetics. Methodology: Fasting glycaemia, fasting insulin, 25OH D3 and human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) were measured in one hundred and eighty-four type 2 diabetic patients followed as outpatients in South Kivu. Levels of 25OH D3 65 pg/ml defined low vitamin D and elevated parathyroid hormone levels, respectively. The HOMA model was used to measure insulin sensitivity and β-cell secretory function. Results: Medians (IQR) were 25.3 (20.4 - 32.4) ng/ml for 25OH D3 and 53.7 (38.4 - 115.7) pg/ml for hPTH. 58.7% of diabetics had insulin resistance, 126 (68.5%) had low vitamin D and 80 (43.5%) had hyperparathyroidism. In multivariate analysis, hPTH (partial r = −0.28;p = 0.0002) and 25OH D3 (partial r = 0.16;p = 0.03) showed an independent association with insulin sensitivity after adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference. Finally, hPTH (partial r = 0.27;p = 0.0002) was the sole determinant of β-cell secretory function. Conclusions: This study confirms the high prevalence of low vitamin D level and secondary hyperparathyroidism and their association with insulin resistance and impaired islet β-cell secretory function among Congolese with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation should be envisaged for cases of deficiency in this region.

Association of Serum Folate and Vitamin B_(12) Concentrations with Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the associations of serum folate and/or vitamin B12 concentrations with obesity among Chinese children and adolescents.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted including 3,079 Chinese children and adolescents,aged 6 to 17 years,from Jiangsu,China.Anthropometric indices,such as,children's body mass index(BMI),BMI z-scores,waist circumference,and waist-to-height ratio were utilized.Multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were used to investigate the associations of serum folate and vitamin B12 levels with anthropometric indices and odds of obesity.Results We observed that serum vitamin B12 concentrations were inversely associated with all anthropometric indices and the odds of general obesity[odds ratio(OR)=0.68;95%confidence interval(CI)=0.59,0.78]and abdominal obesity(OR=0.68;95%CI=0.60,0.77).When compared to participants with both serum vitamin levels in the two middle quartiles,those with both serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in the highest quartile were less prone to general(OR=0.31,95%CI=0.19,0.50)or abdominal obesity(OR=0.46,95%CI=0.31,0.67).Conversely,participants with vitamin B12 levels in the lowest quartile alongside folate levels in the highest quartile had higher odds of abdominal obesity(OR=2.06,95%CI=1.09,3.91).Conclusion Higher serum vitamin B12 concentrations,but not serum folate concentrations,were associated with lower odds of childhood obesity.Children and adolescents with high levels of vitamin B12 and folate were less likely to be obese.

快速康复外科结合耳穴压豆护理对混合痔患者术后恢复及VAS评分、睡眠的影响

目的 探究快速康复外科结合耳穴压豆对混合痔患者护理效果。方法 选取2021年3月至2023年5月,选取90例混合痔患者,将其分为两组,各组45例。观察组:耳穴压豆+快速康复外科;对照组:耳穴压豆+常规护理。对比两组临床相关指标。结果 观察组创面愈合、疼痛持续、离床活动时间均短于对照组,睡眠质量优于对照组(P <0.05)。护理后,观察组疼痛程度(1.01±0.27)分低于对照组(3.53±0.62)(P <0.05)。结论 快速康复外科结合耳穴压豆护理予以混合痔患者,有助于改善患者疼痛程度与睡眠质量,促进术后恢复。

Association of plasma vitamin A level with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a community aging population-based cross-sectional study

Recent studies indicated that vitamin A(VA)might be involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the association between circulating VA level and T2DM.A total of 1818 subjects aged 50 years old and above were recruited from the community.Binomial logistic regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)were applied to analyze the association of plasma VA level with the risk of T2DM.Serum VA and lipid-adjusted VA levels of T2DM patients were significantly higher than that of non-T2DM subjects(P<0.05).The ratios of plasma VA/total cholesterol(TC),VA/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c)and VA/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c)were positively associated with the risk of T2DM in the aging population(P<0.05).Compared with the Q1 level,subjects with Q2 to Q3 levels of plasma VA/triglyceride(TG)have decreased risk of T2DM(odds ratio(OR)Q2=0.68,P_(Q2)=0.021;ORQ3=0.59,P_(Q3)<0.01).Our results indicated that the imbalance of circulating lipids and VA might affect the relationship between VA and T2DM.The middle and aging subjects with higher ratios of plasma VA/TC,VA/HDL-c,and VA/LDL-c displayed increased risk for T2DM,but the moderate ratio of VA/TG might protect against risk of T2DM.

臂丛颈丛神经阻滞麻醉联合瑞芬太尼在锁骨骨折中的应用及对OAA/S评分、VAS评分的影响

目的:观察臂丛颈丛神经阻滞麻醉联合瑞芬太尼用于锁骨骨折手术的效果。方法:选取吉安市永丰县中医院2019年1月~2022年11月就诊的锁骨骨折患者140例为研究对象,按照收治的先后顺序随机分为试验组和对照组各70例,对照组予以臂丛颈丛神经阻滞麻醉,试验组在对照组基础上加用瑞芬太尼。记录两组麻醉前(T0)、臂丛颈丛神经阻滞麻醉后15 min(T1)、辅助用药后3 min(T2)、手术开始后5 min(T3)、手术开始后15 min(T4)、手术结束时(T5)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO 2)。同时观察两组期间的不良反应以及血管活性药麻黄碱、阿托品、尼卡地平以及艾司洛尔的例数。比较两组患者麻醉满意度的差异。结果:对照组T2时血压降低、心率减慢均不明显,与T0比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组T3、T4时血压升高、心率增快明显,与T0和对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组T2血压降低、心率减慢明显,与对照组和T0比较差异有统计学意义(P>0.05),随后趋于平稳。试验组血管活性药物尼卡地平以及艾司洛尔的例数少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组视觉模拟评分(VAS)及镇痛效果满意率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:臂丛颈丛神经阻滞麻醉联合瑞芬太尼用于锁骨骨折切开复位内固定手术,镇静镇痛效果确切,呼吸循环稳定,患者麻醉满意度高,是一种安全、有效的麻醉方法。

Effects of vitamin family members on insulin resistance and diabetes complications

The following letter to the editor highlights the article“Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk factors for insulin resistance”in World J Diabetes 2023 Oct 15;14(10):1514-1523.It is necessary to explore the role of vitamin family members in insulin resistance and diabetes complications.

The efficacy of vitamin E in preventing arthrofibrosis after joint replacement

Background:Arthrofibrosis is a joint disorder characterized by excessive scar formation in the joint tissues.Vitamin E is an antioxidant with potential anti-fibroblastic effect.The aim of this study was to establish an arthrofibrosis rat model after joint replacement and assess the effects of vitamin E supplementation on joint fibrosis.Methods:We simulated knee replacement in 16 male Sprague–Dawley rats.We immobilized the surgical leg with a suture in full flexion.The control groups were killed at 2 and 12 weeks(n=5 per group),and the test group was supplemented daily with vitamin E(0.2 mg/mL)in their drinking water for 12 weeks(n=6).We performed histological staining to investigate the presence and severity of arthrofibrosis.Immunofluorescent staining andα2-macroglobulin(α2M)enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to assess local and systemic inflammation.Static weight bearing(total internal reflection)and range of motion(ROM)were collected for functional assessment.Results:The ROM and weight-bearing symmetry decreased after the procedure and recovered slowly with still significant deficit at the end of the study for both groups.Histological analysis confirmed fibrosis in both lateral and posterior periarticular tissue.Vitamin E supplementation showed a moderate anti-inflammatory effect on the local and systemic levels.The vitamin E group exhibited significant improvement in ROM and weight-bearing symmetry at day 84 compared to the control group.Conclusions:This model is viable for simulating arthrofibrosis after joint replacement.Vitamin E may benefit postsurgical arthrofibrosis,and further studies are needed for dosing requirements.

Vitamin A regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function through p38 MAPK‑PGC‑1α signaling pathway and alters the muscle fiber composition of sheep

Background Vitamin A(VA)and its metabolite,retinoic acid(RA),are of great interest for their wide range of physiological functions.However,the regulatory contribution of VA to mitochondrial and muscle fiber composition in sheep has not been reported.Method Lambs were injected with 0(control)or 7,500 IU VA palmitate into the biceps femoris muscle on d 2 after birth.At the age of 3 and 32 weeks,longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle samples were obtained to explore the effect of VA on myofiber type composition.In vitro,we investigated the effects of RA on myofiber type composition and intrinsic mechanisms.Results The proportion of type I myofiber was greatly increased in VA-treated sheep in LD muscle at harvest.VA greatly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and function in LD muscle of sheep.Further exploration revealed that VA elevated PGC-1αmRNA and protein contents,and enhanced the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in LD muscle of sheep.In addition,the number of type I myofibers with RA treatment was significantly increased,and type IIx myofibers was significantly decreased in primary myoblasts.Consistent with in vivo experiment,RA significantly improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function in primary myoblasts of sheep.We then used si-PGC-1αto inhibit PGC-1αexpression and found that si-PGC-1αsignificantly abrogated RA-induced the formation of type I myofibers,mitochondrial biogenesis,MitoTracker staining intensity,UQCRC1 and ATP5A1 expression,SDH activity,and enhanced the level of type IIx muscle fibers.These data suggested that RA improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function by promoting PGC-1αexpression,and increased type I myofibers.In order to prove that the effect of RA on the level of PGC-1αis caused by p38 MAPK signaling,we inhibited the p38 MAPK signaling using a p38 MAPK inhibitor,which significantly reduced RA-induced PGC-1αand MyHC I levels.Conclusion VA promoted PGC-1αexpression through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway,improved mitochondrial biogenesis,and altered the composition of muscle fiber type.

Causal relationship between circulating vitamin C and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and common mental disorders-a Mendelian randomization study

Mental disorders seriously affect people’s health and social stability.This Mendelian randomization(MR)study was designed to investigate the causal relationship between circulating vitamin C(VC)or 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D)levels and mental disorders.The data used for the MR analysis were derived from the summary genome-wide association studies(GWAS)database for VC and 25(OH)D and from the Finn Gen consortium for fourteen mental disorders.Based on the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method,we found a potential causal association between circulating VC and anxiety disorders(IVW:OR=1.139,95%CI:1.023-1.269,P=0.018).However,no causal association was found between VC or 25(OH)D and other mental disorders(P>0.05).In the reverse MR analysis,individuals with Alzheimer’s disease was causally associated with higher concentrations of circulating VC(P=0.012),while individuals with anxiety disorders had a negative association between the concentrations of 25(OH)D(P=0.012).However,the current evidence does not support a causal relationship between VC or 25(OH)D and other mental disorders.In addition,there was no causal association between circulating VC and 25(OH)D(P>0.05).Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the mechanisms of potential causality.