Hypoxia is a typical feature of the tumor microenvironment,one of the most critical factors affecting cell behavior and tumor progression.However,the lack of tumor models able to precisely emulate natural brain tumor ...Hypoxia is a typical feature of the tumor microenvironment,one of the most critical factors affecting cell behavior and tumor progression.However,the lack of tumor models able to precisely emulate natural brain tumor tissue has impeded the study of the effects of hypoxia on the progression and growth of tumor cells.This study reports a three-dimensional(3D)brain tumor model obtained by encapsulating U87MG(U87)cells in a hydrogel containing type I collagen.It also documents the effect of various oxygen concentrations(1%,7%,and 21%)in the culture environment on U87 cell morphology,proliferation,viability,cell cycle,apoptosis rate,and migration.Finally,it compares two-dimensional(2D)and 3D cultures.For comparison purposes,cells cultured in flat culture dishes were used as the control(2D model).Cells cultured in the 3D model proliferated more slowly but had a higher apoptosis rate and proportion of cells in the resting phase(G0 phase)/gap I phase(G1 phase)than those cultured in the 2D model.Besides,the two models yielded significantly different cell morphologies.Finally,hypoxia(e.g.,1%O2)affected cell morphology,slowed cell growth,reduced cell viability,and increased the apoptosis rate in the 3D model.These results indicate that the constructed 3D model is effective for investigating the effects of biological and chemical factors on cell morphology and function,and can be more representative of the tumor microenvironment than 2D culture systems.The developed 3D glioblastoma tumor model is equally applicable to other studies in pharmacology and pathology.展开更多
Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysacch...Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)analysis results showed that all three PCPs could significantly promote the production of acetic acid,propionic acid and the total acid content compared with blank control group,and SCFAs producing activity was positively correlated with the proliferative capacity of probiotics.Taken together,the good adsorption characteristics and gut microbiota regulatory activity of ASP may lay foundation for its lipid-lowering and immune-improving function.Additionally,the probiotic effect of CMP and ASP indicated that except for only use the water extract of PC in clinic,CMP and ASP also can be used in healthcare to take full advantage of this valuable medicine.展开更多
In the present work,seven Mg-Zn-Ag alloys with the nominal composition of Mg_(96-x)Zn_(x)Ag_(4)(x=17,20,23,26,29,32,35 in at.%)were prepared by induction melting and single-roller melt-spinning.The X-ray diffraction(X...In the present work,seven Mg-Zn-Ag alloys with the nominal composition of Mg_(96-x)Zn_(x)Ag_(4)(x=17,20,23,26,29,32,35 in at.%)were prepared by induction melting and single-roller melt-spinning.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses indicate the metallic glasses with three composition of Mg_(73)Zn_(23)Ag_(4),Mg_(70)Zn_(26)Ag_(4),and Mg_(67)Zn_(29)Ag_(4)were obtained successfully.The differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)measurement was used to obtain the characteristic temperature of Mg-Zn-Ag metallic glasses for the glass-forming ability analysis.The maximum glass transition temperature(Trg)was found to be 0.525 with a composition close to Mg_(67)Zn_(29)Ag_(4),which results in the best glass-forming ability.Moreover,the immersion test in simulated body fluid(SBF)demonstrate the relative homogeneous corrosion behavior of the Mg-Zn-Ag metallic glasses.The corrosion rate of Mg-Zn-Ag metallic glasses in SBF solution decreases with the increase of Zn content.The sample Mg_(67)Zn_(29)Ag_(4)has the lowest corrosion rate of 0.19mm/yr,which could meet the clinical application requirement well.The in vitro cell experiments show that the Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK)cells cultured in sample Mg_(67)Zn_(29)Ag_(4)and its extraction medium have higher activity.However,the Mg-Zn-Ag metallic glasses exhibit obvious inhibitory effect on human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD)tumor cells.The present investigations on the glass-forming ability,corrosion behavior,cytocompatibility and tumor inhibition function of the Mg-Zn-Ag based metallic glass could reveal their biomedical application possibility.展开更多
The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were i...The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were investigated,and their antioxidant activities and in vitro digestion were explored in this study.Results showed that the content of nutrients in bee pollen increased after wall disruption.Among them,fat content increased by 22.55%-8.31%,protein content increased by 0.54%-4.91%,starch content increased by 36.31%-48.64%,soluble sugar content increased by 20.57%-29.67%,total phenolic acid content increased by 11.73%-86.98%and total flavonoids content increased by 14.29%-24.79%.At the same time,the antioxidant activity increased by 14.84%-46.00%.Furthermore,the active components such as phenolic compounds in the wall-disruption bee pollen were more readily to be released during the in vitro digestion,and easier to be absorbed because of their higher bioaccessibility.Antioxidant activities during in vitro digestion were also improved in walldisruption bee pollen.These findings provide evidence that bee pollen wall disruption was suggested,thus,it is more conducive to exerting the value of bee pollen in functional foods.展开更多
The in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal(GI)tract of general population and lipid indigestion patients(with lower levels of bile salts or pancreatic lipase)were selected to investigate whether diac...The in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal(GI)tract of general population and lipid indigestion patients(with lower levels of bile salts or pancreatic lipase)were selected to investigate whether diacylglycerols(DAGs)are potential good lipid sources for these patients.Linseed oil-based DAG(LD)and linseed oil(LT)were selected.LD-based emulsion((83.74±1.23)%)had higher lipolysis degree than LT-based emulsion((74.47±1.16)%)when monitoring the GI tract of normal population as previously reported.Indigestion conditions seriously decreased the digestive degree of LT-based emulsion((40.23±2.48)%-(66.50±3.70)%)while showed less influence on LD-based emulsion((64.18±2.41)%-(81.85±3.45)%).As opposed to LT-based emulsion,LD-based emulsion exhibited preference for releasing unsaturated fatty acids(especially oleic acid andα-linolenic acid)due to their different glycerolipid compositions.LD-based emulsion showed potential for providing lipids and nutrients(including essential fatty acids)for lipid indigestion patients.展开更多
Neurodegeneration is a catastrophic process that develops progressive damage leading to functional andstructural loss of the cells of the nervous system and is among the biggest unavoidable problems of our age.Animalm...Neurodegeneration is a catastrophic process that develops progressive damage leading to functional andstructural loss of the cells of the nervous system and is among the biggest unavoidable problems of our age.Animalmodels do not reflect the pathophysiology observed in humans due to distinct differences between the neuralpathways,gene expression patterns,neuronal plasticity,and other disease-related mechanisms in animals andhumans.Classical in vitro cell culture models are also not sufficient for pre-clinical drug testing in reflecting thecomplex pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.Today,modern,engineered techniques are applied to developmulticellular,intricate in vitro models and to create the closest microenvironment simulating biological,biochemical,and mechanical characteristics of the in vivo degenerating tissue.In THIS review,the capabilities and shortcomings ofscaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques,organoids,and microfluidic models that best reflect neurodegeneration invitro in the biomimetic framework are discussed.展开更多
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)is the rate-limiting and pivotal enzyme of the general phenylpropanoid path-way,but few reports have been found on PAL genes in Pinus yunnanensis.In the present study,three PAL genes we...Phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)is the rate-limiting and pivotal enzyme of the general phenylpropanoid path-way,but few reports have been found on PAL genes in Pinus yunnanensis.In the present study,three PAL genes were cloned and identified from P.yunnanensis seedlings for thefirst time,namely,PyPAL-1,PyPAL-2,and PyPAL-3.Our results indicated that the open-reading frames of PyPAL genes were 2184,2157,and 2385 bp.Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that PyPALs have high homology with other known PAL genes in other plants.In vitro enzymatic analysis showed that all three PyPAL recombinant proteins could catalyze the deamination of L-phenylalanine to form trans-cinnamic acid,but only PAL1 and PAL2 can catalyze the conversion of L-tyrosine toρ-coumaric acid.Three PyPAL genes were expressed in different tissues in 1-year-old P.yunnanensis,and such genes had different expression patterns.This study lays a foundation for further understanding of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in P.yunnanensis.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders,and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue.It is characterized by hyperglycemia,a condition involving a high blood...Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders,and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue.It is characterized by hyperglycemia,a condition involving a high blood glucose level brought on by deficiencies in insulin secretion,decreased activity of insulin,or both.Prolonged effects of diabetes include cardiovascular problems,retinopathy,neuropathy,nephropathy,and vascular alterations in both macro-and micro-blood vessels.In vivo and in vitro models have always been important for investigating and characterizing disease pathogenesis,identifying targets,and reviewing novel treatment options and medications.Fully understanding these models is crucial for the researchers so this review summarizes the different experimental in vivo and in vitro model options used to study diabetes and its consequences.The most popular in vivo studies involves the small animal models,such as rodent models,chemically induced diabetogens like streptozotocin and alloxan,and the possibility of deleting or overexpressing a specific gene by knockout and transgenic technologies on these animals.Other models include virally induced models,diet/nutrition induced diabetic animals,surgically induced models or pancreatectomy models,and non-obese models.Large animals or non-rodent models like porcine(pig),canine(dog),nonhuman primate,and Zebrafish models are also outlined.The in vitro models discussed are murine and human beta-cell lines and pancreatic islets,human stem cells,and organoid cultures.The other enzymatic in vitro tests to assess diabetes include assay of amylase inhibition and inhibition ofα-glucosidase activity.展开更多
Background:Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic biliary autoimmune liver disease characterized by intrahepatic cholestasis.Swertia mussotii Franch.(SMF)is a Tibetan medicine with hepatoprotective and anti-infl...Background:Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic biliary autoimmune liver disease characterized by intrahepatic cholestasis.Swertia mussotii Franch.(SMF)is a Tibetan medicine with hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.In this study,the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of SMF on PBC were investigated by bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experimental validation,with the aim of promoting the progress of SMF and PBC research.Methods:We first explored the therapeutic effects and key targets of SMF on PBC using a network pharmacology approach,further screened the core targets using the GSE79850 dataset,and finally validated the results using molecular docking techniques and in vitro experiments.Results:By bioinformatics analysis,we identified core targets of SMF for PBC treatment(STAT3,JAK2,TNF-α,and IL-1β)and important signaling pathways:JAK-STAT,TNF,and PI3K-AKT.The molecular docking results showed that the significant components of SMF had good binding properties to the core targets.In vitro experiments showed that SMF extracts improved the extent of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells and had a significant reversal effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition process markers and potential targets in PBC.Conclusion:SMF may exert its therapeutic effects on PBC by acting on important targets such as STAT3,JAK2,TNF-α,IL-1β,Vimentin,and E-cadherin and the pathways in which they are involved.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the change rule of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu Tea in the process of human digestion.[Methods]The coarse and old leaves of Yunwu tea in Yin...[Objectives]To explore the change rule of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu Tea in the process of human digestion.[Methods]The coarse and old leaves of Yunwu tea in Yingshan,Huanggang,Hubei Province were selected as the research object,and their digestion in vitro was simulated.The total polyphenol content was determined by Folin-phenol reagent colorimetric method,and the DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity were determined.[Results]After simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro,the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaf tea soup showed a downward trend.After gastrointestinal digestion,the polyphenol content in tea infusion separately decreased by 31.8%and 8.5%;the scavenging rate of DPPH free radical was 97%before digestion,decreased to 92%after gastric digestion and 65%after intestinal digestion,which decreased by 5%and 27%,respectively;after gastrointestinal digestion,the total antioxidant capacity of tea soup decreased by 4.7%and 3.1%,respectively.[Conclusions]This study provided a reference for the development and application of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu tea,and provided a reference for the nutritional value evaluation and comprehensive utilization of coarse old leaves,so as to make the best use of coarse tea leaves and reduce the waste of resources.展开更多
The present study assessed the proximate composition,in vitro antioxidant activity and GC-MS analyses of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds extract(FPMSE).The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2...The present study assessed the proximate composition,in vitro antioxidant activity and GC-MS analyses of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds extract(FPMSE).The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl(DPPH)while Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry(GC-MS)technique was used to identify the volatile compounds in FPMSE.FPMSE revealed a dose dependent percentage inhibition of the extract on DPPH assay.Proximate composition of FPMSE constitutes respectively;ash(0.33±0.12%),protein(2.19±0.08%),fats and oil(80.60±0.00%),carbohydrate(16.88±0.00%)while moisture and fibre were not detected.However,the pulverised sample constitute respectively;ash(1.27±0.58%),protein(10.51±0.60%),moisture(8.27±0.12%),fats and oil(32.33±0.12%),fibre(7.27±0.12%)and carbohydrate(40.35±0.00%).GC-MS analyses revealed fourteen(14)fatty acids including Octadecanoic acid(1.95%),Benzyloxymethylimine(43.89%),2-Allylpent-4-enoic acid benzyl ester(26.25%),Hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester(1.09%),Oleic Acid(0.25%),9,12-Octadecadienoic acid,methyl ester(Omega-6-fatty acid)(1.52%).The bioactive compounds identified in FPMSE could contribute to the pharmacological properties of P.macrophylla seeds and hence,could be of considerable interest for the development of new drugs.展开更多
Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our ...Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guidelines). In the in vitro part of our work, the 8 tested formulas showed a biodegradability slightly inferior to the one predicted in the in silico experiments. Therefore, in order to evaluate if these calculated biodegradability value could have significant harmful effects on zoo- or phytoplankton, we studied the effect of our products regarding the growth inhibition on Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the mortality on Acartia tonsa. In this last part of the study, all the tested products were classified as “non ecotoxic” following an internal classification based on Part 4 entitled “Environmental Hazards” of Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 9<sup>th</sup> edition (2021). Conclusions: These results are notably in line with those published by our teams in 2019 on the effects of solar cosmetic products on corals and seem to confirm that formulas containing mineral and chemical UV-filters can be daily used without displaying significant noxious effects on marine fauna and flora. .展开更多
Background:Heavy metal cadmium(Cd)is a widespread environmental contaminant with a potential toxicity that might negatively affect female reproduction and fertility.It has been reported that Cd exposure impaired the q...Background:Heavy metal cadmium(Cd)is a widespread environmental contaminant with a potential toxicity that might negatively affect female reproduction and fertility.It has been reported that Cd exposure impaired the quality of oocytes and led to a defective maturation and fertilization,through oxidative stress induction.Resveratrol(Res)is a natural polyphenol with strong antioxidant properties that exhibited protective role in preventing oocyte redox homeostasis disruption and quality decline.Here,we explored whether the addition of Res to in vitro maturation(IVM)medium might act as a protection against Cd-induced toxicity on ovine oocyte maturation and fertilization.Firstly,we evaluated the effect of supplementing IVM medium with two different Res concentrations(1and 2μmol/L)on nuclear maturation and fertilization of oocytes matured under CdCl2(2μmol/L)exposure.Therefore,the concentration of 1μmol/L Res was selected to analyse the effects of this compound on intracellular ROS levels,mitochondrial(mt)distribution and activity,chromatin configuration,cytoskeleton morphology,cortical granules(CGs)distribution and mRNA expression of genes associated with cellular response to oxidative stress(i.e.SIRT1,SOD 1,GPX1,GSR,CAT)in Cd-exposed in vitro matured oocytes.Results:We found that 1μmol/L Res restored the reduced oocyte meiotic competence induced by Cd exposure as well as,Res sustained oocyte ability to be normally fertilized and decreased polyspermic fertilization at both tested concentrations.Moreover,we demonstrated that 1μmol/L Res mitigated Cd-induced alterations of oocyte cytoplasmic maturation by reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,preventing mt dysfunction,maintaining the correct meiotic spindle and cortical F-actin assembly and the normal cortical granule distribution as well as up-regulating SIRT1,SOD1 and GPX1 genes.Conclusions:Taken together,our findings highlighted the beneficial influence exerted by Res in preventing Cdinduced disturbance of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation and subsequent fertilization in ovine oocytes.Res treatment may help to establish defence strategies counteracting Cd-induced toxicity on the female gamete.展开更多
Traumatic brain injuries are serious clinical incidents associated with some of the poorest outcomes in neurological practice.Coupled with the limited regenerative capacity of the brain,this has significant implicatio...Traumatic brain injuries are serious clinical incidents associated with some of the poorest outcomes in neurological practice.Coupled with the limited regenerative capacity of the brain,this has significant implications for patients,carers,and healthcare systems,and the requirement for life-long care in some cases.Clinical treatment currently focuses on limiting the initial neural damage with longterm care/support from multidisciplinary teams.Therapies targeting neuroprotection and neural regeneration are not currently available but are the focus of intensive research.Biomaterial-based interventions are gaining popularity for a range of applications including biomolecule and drug delive ry,and to function as cellular scaffolds.Experimental investigations into the development of such novel therapeutics for traumatic brain injury will be critically underpinned by the availability of appropriate high thro ughput,facile,ethically viable,and pathomimetic biological model systems.This represents a significant challenge for researchers given the pathological complexity of traumatic brain injury.Specifically,there is a concerted post-injury response mounted by multiple neural cell types which includes microglial activation and astroglial scarring with the expression of a range of growth inhibito ry molecules and cytokines in the lesion environment.Here,we review common models used for the study of traumatic brain injury(ranging from live animal models to in vitro systems),focusing on penetrating traumatic brain injury models.We discuss their relative advantages and drawbacks for the developmental testing of biomaterial-based therapies.展开更多
In the present study,the effects of cooked rice(CR)with added fructo-oligosaccharide(FOS)on faecal flora were studied by a simulated in vitro digestion and fermentation method.The total carbohydrate content,p H,and s ...In the present study,the effects of cooked rice(CR)with added fructo-oligosaccharide(FOS)on faecal flora were studied by a simulated in vitro digestion and fermentation method.The total carbohydrate content,p H,and s hort-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were determined during in vitro digestion and fermentation.The change in the bacterial phase distribution after the fermentation was also analysed.The results showed that t he total carbohydrate content of the CR with added FOS(FCR)significantly decreased during the simulated digestion.Meanwhile,the p H of the FCR decreased and the SCFAs concentration increased significantly compared to those of the CR during the simulated fermentation.In addition,the FCR showed the advantage of promoting beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,and inhibiting harmful bacteria,such as Bacteroides and Klebsiella compared to the CR.Therefore,the FOS as a prebiotic could be recommended to produce the high-quality healthy rice food.展开更多
Background Ferulic acid esterase(FAE)-secreting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1(Lp A1)is a promising silage inoculant due to the FAE’s ability to alter the plant cell wall structure during ensiling,an action that is...Background Ferulic acid esterase(FAE)-secreting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1(Lp A1)is a promising silage inoculant due to the FAE’s ability to alter the plant cell wall structure during ensiling,an action that is expected to improve forage digestibility.However,little is known regarding the impacts of Lp A1 on rumen microbiota.Our research assessed the influences of Lp A1 in comparison to a widely adopted commercial inoculant Lp MTD/1 on alfalfa’s ensilage,in vitro rumen incubation and microbiota.Results Samples of fresh and ensiled alfalfa treated with(either Lp A1 or Lp MTD/1)or without additives(as control;CON)and ensiled for 30,60 and 90 d were used for fermentation quality,in vitro digestibility and batch culture study.Inoculants treated silage had lower(P<0.001)pH,acetic acid concentration and dry matter(DM)loss,but higher(P=0.001)lactic acid concentration than the CON during ensiling.Compared to the CON and Lp MTD/1,silage treated with Lp A1 had lower(P<0.001)aNDF,ADF,ADL,hemicellulose,and cellulose contents and higher(P<0.001)free ferulic acid concentration.Compared silage treated with Lp MTD/1,silage treated with Lp A1 had significantly(P<0.01)improved ruminal gas production and digestibility,which were equivalent to those of fresh alfalfa.Realtime PCR analysis indicated that Lp A1 inoculation improved the relative abundances of rumen’s total bacteria,fungi,Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens,while the relative abundance of methanogens was reduced by Lp MTD/1 compared with CON.Principal component analysis of rumen bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed a clear distinction between CON and inoculated treatments without noticeable distinction between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments.Comparison analysis revealed differences in the relative abundance of some bacteria in different taxa between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments.Silage treated with Lp A1 exhibited improved rumen fermentation characteristics due to the inoculant effects on the rumen microbial populations and bacterial community.Conclusions Our findings suggest that silage inoculation of the FAE-producing Lp A1 could be effective in improving silage quality and digestibility,and modulating the rumen fermentation to improve feed utilization.展开更多
Natural foods,such as whole pulses,are recommended in the dietary guidelines of the US and China.The plant cell wall structure in whole pulses has important implications for the nutritional functionalities of starch.I...Natural foods,such as whole pulses,are recommended in the dietary guidelines of the US and China.The plant cell wall structure in whole pulses has important implications for the nutritional functionalities of starch.In this study,garbanzo bean cells with varying degrees of cell wall integrity were subjected to dry heat treatment(DHT)and used to elucidate the food structure-starch digestion properties of pulse food.The morphological features suggested that all cell samples do not exhibit remarkable changes after being subjected to DHT.Molecular rearrangement and the crystallite disruption of starch granules entrapped in cells occurred during DHT as assessed by the crystal structure and thermal properties.DHT decreased the inhibitory effects of enzymes of both the soluble and insoluble components,but the digestion rate and extent of slightly and highly damaged cell samples did not exhibit significant differences compared with their native counterparts.We concluded that the starch digestion of pulse cotyledon cells is primarily determined by the intactness of the cellular structure.This study reveals the role of food structure on the ability to retain the desirable nutritional properties of starch after subjection to physical modification.展开更多
Background:The most used protein sources in ruminant nutrition are considered as having negative impacts in terms of environmental sustainability and competition with human nutrition.Therefore,the investigation of alt...Background:The most used protein sources in ruminant nutrition are considered as having negative impacts in terms of environmental sustainability and competition with human nutrition.Therefore,the investigation of alternative and sustainable feedstuffs is becoming a priority in ruminant production systems.Results:This trial was designed to evaluate eight full-fat insect meals(Acheta domesticus–ACD;Alphitobius diaperinus–ALD;Blatta lateralis–BL;Gryllus bimaculatus–GB;Grylloides sygillatus–GS;Hermetia illucens–HI;Musca domestica–MD;and Tenebrio molitor–TM)as potential protein and lipid sources in ruminant nutrition.Fermentation parameters and fatty acids(FA)of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro ruminal incubation of the tested insect meals were measured and compared with those of three plant-based meals(soybean meal,rapeseed meal and sunflower meal)and fishmeal(FM).Similarly to FM,the insect meals led to a significantly lower total gas production(on average,1.75vs.4.64 mmol/g dry matter-DM),methane production(on average,0.33 vs.0.91 mmol/g DM),volatile FA production(on average,4.12 vs.7.53 mmol/g DM),and in vitro organic matter disappearance(on average,0.32 vs.0.59 g/g)than those observed for the plant meals.The insect meals also led to lower ammonia of rumen fluid,when expressed as a proportion of total N(on average,0.74 vs.0.52 for the plant and insect meals,respectively),which could be an advantage provided that intestinal digestibility is high.Differences in ruminal fermentation parameters between the insect meals could be partially explained by their chitin,crude protein and ether extract contents,as well as by their FA profile.In particular,high content of polyunsaturated FA,or C12:0(in HI),seems to partially inhibit the ruminal fermentations.Conclusions:The tested full-fat insect meals appear to be potentially an interesting protein and lipid source for ruminants,alternative to the less sustainable and commonly used ones of plant origin.The FA profile of the rumen digesta of ACD,ALD,GB,GS and TM,being rich in n-6 polyunsaturated FA,could be interesting to improve the quality of ruminant-derived food products.展开更多
Objective:Single-use flexible ureteroscopes(fURSs)have recently been introduced by different companies.Goal of this in-vitro study was to compare four fURSs.Methods:We performed in vitro analysis of Uscope 7.5 Fr and ...Objective:Single-use flexible ureteroscopes(fURSs)have recently been introduced by different companies.Goal of this in-vitro study was to compare four fURSs.Methods:We performed in vitro analysis of Uscope 7.5 Fr and Uscope 9.5 Fr(Pusen Ltd.,Zhuhai,China),LithoVue 9.5 Fr(LithoVue,Boston Scientific,MA,USA),and Indoscope 9.5 Fr(Bioradmedisys,Pune,India).Optical characteristics(image resolution,color representation,and luminosity)were compared at various distances of 10 mm,20 mm,and 50 mm.Deflection and irrigation were evaluated with and without accessories.Results:Color perception was comparable for all scopes at 10 mm(p<0.05),while Lithovue 9.5 Fr was comparable with Indoscope 9.5 Fr at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm.Both scopes were statistically better than both Uscopes at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm.Image resolution powers were comparable amongst all fURSs at the distances of 10 mm and 20 mm(3.56 line pairs per millimeter[lp/mm]).However,Indoscope(3.56 lp/mm)was superior to LithoVue and Uscope scopes(3.17 lp/mm)at the distance of 50 mm.Luminosity at the distance of 10 mm was comparable for LithoVue and Uscope 9.5 Fr.However,at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm,LithoVue had the highest luminosity while Uscope 7.5 Fr had the lowest one.Indoscope had lower luminosity than other 9.5 Fr scopes at all distances.With empty working channel and 200 mm laser fiber,Indoscope had the maximum deflection(285).With basket,Uscope 7.5 Fr had the maximum loss of deflection(30)while Indoscope had no deflection loss.With empty working channel,all scopes had comparable irrigation flow rates in both deflected and undeflected state.Similarly,with 200 mm laser or basket,irrigation flow rates were comparable in all scopes.Conclusion:Color representation was equivalent for Indoscope and LithoVue,while being better than Uscope 7.5 Fr and Uscope 9.5 Fr.Image resolution was comparable in all scopes at the distances of 10 mm and 20 mm.Beyond the distance of 10 mm,luminosity of LithoVue was the highest and that of Uscope 7.5 Fr was the lowest.Deflection loss was the minimum with Indoscope and the maximum with 7.5 Fr Uscope.Under all scenarios,irrigation flow rates were comparable in all scopes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52275291)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Program for Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province,China (No. 2023-CX-TD-17)
文摘Hypoxia is a typical feature of the tumor microenvironment,one of the most critical factors affecting cell behavior and tumor progression.However,the lack of tumor models able to precisely emulate natural brain tumor tissue has impeded the study of the effects of hypoxia on the progression and growth of tumor cells.This study reports a three-dimensional(3D)brain tumor model obtained by encapsulating U87MG(U87)cells in a hydrogel containing type I collagen.It also documents the effect of various oxygen concentrations(1%,7%,and 21%)in the culture environment on U87 cell morphology,proliferation,viability,cell cycle,apoptosis rate,and migration.Finally,it compares two-dimensional(2D)and 3D cultures.For comparison purposes,cells cultured in flat culture dishes were used as the control(2D model).Cells cultured in the 3D model proliferated more slowly but had a higher apoptosis rate and proportion of cells in the resting phase(G0 phase)/gap I phase(G1 phase)than those cultured in the 2D model.Besides,the two models yielded significantly different cell morphologies.Finally,hypoxia(e.g.,1%O2)affected cell morphology,slowed cell growth,reduced cell viability,and increased the apoptosis rate in the 3D model.These results indicate that the constructed 3D model is effective for investigating the effects of biological and chemical factors on cell morphology and function,and can be more representative of the tumor microenvironment than 2D culture systems.The developed 3D glioblastoma tumor model is equally applicable to other studies in pharmacology and pathology.
基金supported by the Province Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,China (2022JJ5410)Special Project on Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction of Hunan,China (2022-67)。
文摘Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)analysis results showed that all three PCPs could significantly promote the production of acetic acid,propionic acid and the total acid content compared with blank control group,and SCFAs producing activity was positively correlated with the proliferative capacity of probiotics.Taken together,the good adsorption characteristics and gut microbiota regulatory activity of ASP may lay foundation for its lipid-lowering and immune-improving function.Additionally,the probiotic effect of CMP and ASP indicated that except for only use the water extract of PC in clinic,CMP and ASP also can be used in healthcare to take full advantage of this valuable medicine.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1106702)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515011301,2019A1515110067 and 2020A1515110055)+1 种基金Shenzhen Basic Research Project(JCYJ20210324120001003,JCYJ20200109144608205 and JCYJ20200109144604020)IER Foundation(HT-JDCXY-201902 and HT-JD-CXY-201907)for financial support.
文摘In the present work,seven Mg-Zn-Ag alloys with the nominal composition of Mg_(96-x)Zn_(x)Ag_(4)(x=17,20,23,26,29,32,35 in at.%)were prepared by induction melting and single-roller melt-spinning.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses indicate the metallic glasses with three composition of Mg_(73)Zn_(23)Ag_(4),Mg_(70)Zn_(26)Ag_(4),and Mg_(67)Zn_(29)Ag_(4)were obtained successfully.The differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)measurement was used to obtain the characteristic temperature of Mg-Zn-Ag metallic glasses for the glass-forming ability analysis.The maximum glass transition temperature(Trg)was found to be 0.525 with a composition close to Mg_(67)Zn_(29)Ag_(4),which results in the best glass-forming ability.Moreover,the immersion test in simulated body fluid(SBF)demonstrate the relative homogeneous corrosion behavior of the Mg-Zn-Ag metallic glasses.The corrosion rate of Mg-Zn-Ag metallic glasses in SBF solution decreases with the increase of Zn content.The sample Mg_(67)Zn_(29)Ag_(4)has the lowest corrosion rate of 0.19mm/yr,which could meet the clinical application requirement well.The in vitro cell experiments show that the Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK)cells cultured in sample Mg_(67)Zn_(29)Ag_(4)and its extraction medium have higher activity.However,the Mg-Zn-Ag metallic glasses exhibit obvious inhibitory effect on human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD)tumor cells.The present investigations on the glass-forming ability,corrosion behavior,cytocompatibility and tumor inhibition function of the Mg-Zn-Ag based metallic glass could reveal their biomedical application possibility.
基金the Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Nanchang University (SKLF-ZZB-202119)。
文摘The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were investigated,and their antioxidant activities and in vitro digestion were explored in this study.Results showed that the content of nutrients in bee pollen increased after wall disruption.Among them,fat content increased by 22.55%-8.31%,protein content increased by 0.54%-4.91%,starch content increased by 36.31%-48.64%,soluble sugar content increased by 20.57%-29.67%,total phenolic acid content increased by 11.73%-86.98%and total flavonoids content increased by 14.29%-24.79%.At the same time,the antioxidant activity increased by 14.84%-46.00%.Furthermore,the active components such as phenolic compounds in the wall-disruption bee pollen were more readily to be released during the in vitro digestion,and easier to be absorbed because of their higher bioaccessibility.Antioxidant activities during in vitro digestion were also improved in walldisruption bee pollen.These findings provide evidence that bee pollen wall disruption was suggested,thus,it is more conducive to exerting the value of bee pollen in functional foods.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2805100)National Science Fund for Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930084)+3 种基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(31725022)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-18-ZJ0503)Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Programme(2022B0202010002)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Foshan City(FS0AAKJ919-4402-0013)。
文摘The in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal(GI)tract of general population and lipid indigestion patients(with lower levels of bile salts or pancreatic lipase)were selected to investigate whether diacylglycerols(DAGs)are potential good lipid sources for these patients.Linseed oil-based DAG(LD)and linseed oil(LT)were selected.LD-based emulsion((83.74±1.23)%)had higher lipolysis degree than LT-based emulsion((74.47±1.16)%)when monitoring the GI tract of normal population as previously reported.Indigestion conditions seriously decreased the digestive degree of LT-based emulsion((40.23±2.48)%-(66.50±3.70)%)while showed less influence on LD-based emulsion((64.18±2.41)%-(81.85±3.45)%).As opposed to LT-based emulsion,LD-based emulsion exhibited preference for releasing unsaturated fatty acids(especially oleic acid andα-linolenic acid)due to their different glycerolipid compositions.LD-based emulsion showed potential for providing lipids and nutrients(including essential fatty acids)for lipid indigestion patients.
文摘Neurodegeneration is a catastrophic process that develops progressive damage leading to functional andstructural loss of the cells of the nervous system and is among the biggest unavoidable problems of our age.Animalmodels do not reflect the pathophysiology observed in humans due to distinct differences between the neuralpathways,gene expression patterns,neuronal plasticity,and other disease-related mechanisms in animals andhumans.Classical in vitro cell culture models are also not sufficient for pre-clinical drug testing in reflecting thecomplex pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.Today,modern,engineered techniques are applied to developmulticellular,intricate in vitro models and to create the closest microenvironment simulating biological,biochemical,and mechanical characteristics of the in vivo degenerating tissue.In THIS review,the capabilities and shortcomings ofscaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques,organoids,and microfluidic models that best reflect neurodegeneration invitro in the biomimetic framework are discussed.
基金This study received financial support from the Youth Talents Special Project of Yunnan Province,“Xingdian Talents Support Program”(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0203)Southwest Forestry University Scientific Research Start-Up Funds(112116).
文摘Phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)is the rate-limiting and pivotal enzyme of the general phenylpropanoid path-way,but few reports have been found on PAL genes in Pinus yunnanensis.In the present study,three PAL genes were cloned and identified from P.yunnanensis seedlings for thefirst time,namely,PyPAL-1,PyPAL-2,and PyPAL-3.Our results indicated that the open-reading frames of PyPAL genes were 2184,2157,and 2385 bp.Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that PyPALs have high homology with other known PAL genes in other plants.In vitro enzymatic analysis showed that all three PyPAL recombinant proteins could catalyze the deamination of L-phenylalanine to form trans-cinnamic acid,but only PAL1 and PAL2 can catalyze the conversion of L-tyrosine toρ-coumaric acid.Three PyPAL genes were expressed in different tissues in 1-year-old P.yunnanensis,and such genes had different expression patterns.This study lays a foundation for further understanding of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in P.yunnanensis.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders,and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue.It is characterized by hyperglycemia,a condition involving a high blood glucose level brought on by deficiencies in insulin secretion,decreased activity of insulin,or both.Prolonged effects of diabetes include cardiovascular problems,retinopathy,neuropathy,nephropathy,and vascular alterations in both macro-and micro-blood vessels.In vivo and in vitro models have always been important for investigating and characterizing disease pathogenesis,identifying targets,and reviewing novel treatment options and medications.Fully understanding these models is crucial for the researchers so this review summarizes the different experimental in vivo and in vitro model options used to study diabetes and its consequences.The most popular in vivo studies involves the small animal models,such as rodent models,chemically induced diabetogens like streptozotocin and alloxan,and the possibility of deleting or overexpressing a specific gene by knockout and transgenic technologies on these animals.Other models include virally induced models,diet/nutrition induced diabetic animals,surgically induced models or pancreatectomy models,and non-obese models.Large animals or non-rodent models like porcine(pig),canine(dog),nonhuman primate,and Zebrafish models are also outlined.The in vitro models discussed are murine and human beta-cell lines and pancreatic islets,human stem cells,and organoid cultures.The other enzymatic in vitro tests to assess diabetes include assay of amylase inhibition and inhibition ofα-glucosidase activity.
基金supported by the Key project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDRW-ZS-2020-2)Innovation Platform Program of Qinghai Province(2021-ZJ-T02),Key Laboratory Project of Qinghai Province(2022-ZJ-Y05)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82171863)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2021M701642).
文摘Background:Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic biliary autoimmune liver disease characterized by intrahepatic cholestasis.Swertia mussotii Franch.(SMF)is a Tibetan medicine with hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.In this study,the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of SMF on PBC were investigated by bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experimental validation,with the aim of promoting the progress of SMF and PBC research.Methods:We first explored the therapeutic effects and key targets of SMF on PBC using a network pharmacology approach,further screened the core targets using the GSE79850 dataset,and finally validated the results using molecular docking techniques and in vitro experiments.Results:By bioinformatics analysis,we identified core targets of SMF for PBC treatment(STAT3,JAK2,TNF-α,and IL-1β)and important signaling pathways:JAK-STAT,TNF,and PI3K-AKT.The molecular docking results showed that the significant components of SMF had good binding properties to the core targets.In vitro experiments showed that SMF extracts improved the extent of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells and had a significant reversal effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition process markers and potential targets in PBC.Conclusion:SMF may exert its therapeutic effects on PBC by acting on important targets such as STAT3,JAK2,TNF-α,IL-1β,Vimentin,and E-cadherin and the pathways in which they are involved.
基金Supported by High-level Training Project of Huanggang Normal University in 2021(202108504).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the change rule of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu Tea in the process of human digestion.[Methods]The coarse and old leaves of Yunwu tea in Yingshan,Huanggang,Hubei Province were selected as the research object,and their digestion in vitro was simulated.The total polyphenol content was determined by Folin-phenol reagent colorimetric method,and the DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity were determined.[Results]After simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro,the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaf tea soup showed a downward trend.After gastrointestinal digestion,the polyphenol content in tea infusion separately decreased by 31.8%and 8.5%;the scavenging rate of DPPH free radical was 97%before digestion,decreased to 92%after gastric digestion and 65%after intestinal digestion,which decreased by 5%and 27%,respectively;after gastrointestinal digestion,the total antioxidant capacity of tea soup decreased by 4.7%and 3.1%,respectively.[Conclusions]This study provided a reference for the development and application of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu tea,and provided a reference for the nutritional value evaluation and comprehensive utilization of coarse old leaves,so as to make the best use of coarse tea leaves and reduce the waste of resources.
文摘The present study assessed the proximate composition,in vitro antioxidant activity and GC-MS analyses of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds extract(FPMSE).The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl(DPPH)while Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry(GC-MS)technique was used to identify the volatile compounds in FPMSE.FPMSE revealed a dose dependent percentage inhibition of the extract on DPPH assay.Proximate composition of FPMSE constitutes respectively;ash(0.33±0.12%),protein(2.19±0.08%),fats and oil(80.60±0.00%),carbohydrate(16.88±0.00%)while moisture and fibre were not detected.However,the pulverised sample constitute respectively;ash(1.27±0.58%),protein(10.51±0.60%),moisture(8.27±0.12%),fats and oil(32.33±0.12%),fibre(7.27±0.12%)and carbohydrate(40.35±0.00%).GC-MS analyses revealed fourteen(14)fatty acids including Octadecanoic acid(1.95%),Benzyloxymethylimine(43.89%),2-Allylpent-4-enoic acid benzyl ester(26.25%),Hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester(1.09%),Oleic Acid(0.25%),9,12-Octadecadienoic acid,methyl ester(Omega-6-fatty acid)(1.52%).The bioactive compounds identified in FPMSE could contribute to the pharmacological properties of P.macrophylla seeds and hence,could be of considerable interest for the development of new drugs.
文摘Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guidelines). In the in vitro part of our work, the 8 tested formulas showed a biodegradability slightly inferior to the one predicted in the in silico experiments. Therefore, in order to evaluate if these calculated biodegradability value could have significant harmful effects on zoo- or phytoplankton, we studied the effect of our products regarding the growth inhibition on Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the mortality on Acartia tonsa. In this last part of the study, all the tested products were classified as “non ecotoxic” following an internal classification based on Part 4 entitled “Environmental Hazards” of Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 9<sup>th</sup> edition (2021). Conclusions: These results are notably in line with those published by our teams in 2019 on the effects of solar cosmetic products on corals and seem to confirm that formulas containing mineral and chemical UV-filters can be daily used without displaying significant noxious effects on marine fauna and flora. .
基金funded by Fondazione Banco di Sardegna,FDS 2016(CUP J86C18000780005 and J86C18000810005)。
文摘Background:Heavy metal cadmium(Cd)is a widespread environmental contaminant with a potential toxicity that might negatively affect female reproduction and fertility.It has been reported that Cd exposure impaired the quality of oocytes and led to a defective maturation and fertilization,through oxidative stress induction.Resveratrol(Res)is a natural polyphenol with strong antioxidant properties that exhibited protective role in preventing oocyte redox homeostasis disruption and quality decline.Here,we explored whether the addition of Res to in vitro maturation(IVM)medium might act as a protection against Cd-induced toxicity on ovine oocyte maturation and fertilization.Firstly,we evaluated the effect of supplementing IVM medium with two different Res concentrations(1and 2μmol/L)on nuclear maturation and fertilization of oocytes matured under CdCl2(2μmol/L)exposure.Therefore,the concentration of 1μmol/L Res was selected to analyse the effects of this compound on intracellular ROS levels,mitochondrial(mt)distribution and activity,chromatin configuration,cytoskeleton morphology,cortical granules(CGs)distribution and mRNA expression of genes associated with cellular response to oxidative stress(i.e.SIRT1,SOD 1,GPX1,GSR,CAT)in Cd-exposed in vitro matured oocytes.Results:We found that 1μmol/L Res restored the reduced oocyte meiotic competence induced by Cd exposure as well as,Res sustained oocyte ability to be normally fertilized and decreased polyspermic fertilization at both tested concentrations.Moreover,we demonstrated that 1μmol/L Res mitigated Cd-induced alterations of oocyte cytoplasmic maturation by reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,preventing mt dysfunction,maintaining the correct meiotic spindle and cortical F-actin assembly and the normal cortical granule distribution as well as up-regulating SIRT1,SOD1 and GPX1 genes.Conclusions:Taken together,our findings highlighted the beneficial influence exerted by Res in preventing Cdinduced disturbance of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation and subsequent fertilization in ovine oocytes.Res treatment may help to establish defence strategies counteracting Cd-induced toxicity on the female gamete.
基金funded by awards from the EPSRC Doctoral Training Centre in Regenerative Medicine and an NHS bursary。
文摘Traumatic brain injuries are serious clinical incidents associated with some of the poorest outcomes in neurological practice.Coupled with the limited regenerative capacity of the brain,this has significant implications for patients,carers,and healthcare systems,and the requirement for life-long care in some cases.Clinical treatment currently focuses on limiting the initial neural damage with longterm care/support from multidisciplinary teams.Therapies targeting neuroprotection and neural regeneration are not currently available but are the focus of intensive research.Biomaterial-based interventions are gaining popularity for a range of applications including biomolecule and drug delive ry,and to function as cellular scaffolds.Experimental investigations into the development of such novel therapeutics for traumatic brain injury will be critically underpinned by the availability of appropriate high thro ughput,facile,ethically viable,and pathomimetic biological model systems.This represents a significant challenge for researchers given the pathological complexity of traumatic brain injury.Specifically,there is a concerted post-injury response mounted by multiple neural cell types which includes microglial activation and astroglial scarring with the expression of a range of growth inhibito ry molecules and cytokines in the lesion environment.Here,we review common models used for the study of traumatic brain injury(ranging from live animal models to in vitro systems),focusing on penetrating traumatic brain injury models.We discuss their relative advantages and drawbacks for the developmental testing of biomaterial-based therapies.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0400500)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2018323)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘In the present study,the effects of cooked rice(CR)with added fructo-oligosaccharide(FOS)on faecal flora were studied by a simulated in vitro digestion and fermentation method.The total carbohydrate content,p H,and s hort-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were determined during in vitro digestion and fermentation.The change in the bacterial phase distribution after the fermentation was also analysed.The results showed that t he total carbohydrate content of the CR with added FOS(FCR)significantly decreased during the simulated digestion.Meanwhile,the p H of the FCR decreased and the SCFAs concentration increased significantly compared to those of the CR during the simulated fermentation.In addition,the FCR showed the advantage of promoting beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,and inhibiting harmful bacteria,such as Bacteroides and Klebsiella compared to the CR.Therefore,the FOS as a prebiotic could be recommended to produce the high-quality healthy rice food.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(project no.31901390)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(project no.2022M711451)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(22JR5RA527)。
文摘Background Ferulic acid esterase(FAE)-secreting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1(Lp A1)is a promising silage inoculant due to the FAE’s ability to alter the plant cell wall structure during ensiling,an action that is expected to improve forage digestibility.However,little is known regarding the impacts of Lp A1 on rumen microbiota.Our research assessed the influences of Lp A1 in comparison to a widely adopted commercial inoculant Lp MTD/1 on alfalfa’s ensilage,in vitro rumen incubation and microbiota.Results Samples of fresh and ensiled alfalfa treated with(either Lp A1 or Lp MTD/1)or without additives(as control;CON)and ensiled for 30,60 and 90 d were used for fermentation quality,in vitro digestibility and batch culture study.Inoculants treated silage had lower(P<0.001)pH,acetic acid concentration and dry matter(DM)loss,but higher(P=0.001)lactic acid concentration than the CON during ensiling.Compared to the CON and Lp MTD/1,silage treated with Lp A1 had lower(P<0.001)aNDF,ADF,ADL,hemicellulose,and cellulose contents and higher(P<0.001)free ferulic acid concentration.Compared silage treated with Lp MTD/1,silage treated with Lp A1 had significantly(P<0.01)improved ruminal gas production and digestibility,which were equivalent to those of fresh alfalfa.Realtime PCR analysis indicated that Lp A1 inoculation improved the relative abundances of rumen’s total bacteria,fungi,Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens,while the relative abundance of methanogens was reduced by Lp MTD/1 compared with CON.Principal component analysis of rumen bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed a clear distinction between CON and inoculated treatments without noticeable distinction between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments.Comparison analysis revealed differences in the relative abundance of some bacteria in different taxa between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments.Silage treated with Lp A1 exhibited improved rumen fermentation characteristics due to the inoculant effects on the rumen microbial populations and bacterial community.Conclusions Our findings suggest that silage inoculation of the FAE-producing Lp A1 could be effective in improving silage quality and digestibility,and modulating the rumen fermentation to improve feed utilization.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701546)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2019ZD40)+5 种基金the 111 Project(B17018)for financial supportPearl River Talent Recruitment Program of Guangdong Province(2017GC010229)the Pearl River Nova Program of Guangzhou(201906010079)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001691)the special fund for scientific innovation strategyconstruction of high-level academy of agriculture science(R2019YJYB1001)the Application-oriented Projects of Guangdong Province(2017B020232002)。
文摘Natural foods,such as whole pulses,are recommended in the dietary guidelines of the US and China.The plant cell wall structure in whole pulses has important implications for the nutritional functionalities of starch.In this study,garbanzo bean cells with varying degrees of cell wall integrity were subjected to dry heat treatment(DHT)and used to elucidate the food structure-starch digestion properties of pulse food.The morphological features suggested that all cell samples do not exhibit remarkable changes after being subjected to DHT.Molecular rearrangement and the crystallite disruption of starch granules entrapped in cells occurred during DHT as assessed by the crystal structure and thermal properties.DHT decreased the inhibitory effects of enzymes of both the soluble and insoluble components,but the digestion rate and extent of slightly and highly damaged cell samples did not exhibit significant differences compared with their native counterparts.We concluded that the starch digestion of pulse cotyledon cells is primarily determined by the intactness of the cellular structure.This study reveals the role of food structure on the ability to retain the desirable nutritional properties of starch after subjection to physical modification.
基金partially granted by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No.861976 (SUSINCHAIN)self-financed by the DINAMIC team of the UMR Herbivores。
文摘Background:The most used protein sources in ruminant nutrition are considered as having negative impacts in terms of environmental sustainability and competition with human nutrition.Therefore,the investigation of alternative and sustainable feedstuffs is becoming a priority in ruminant production systems.Results:This trial was designed to evaluate eight full-fat insect meals(Acheta domesticus–ACD;Alphitobius diaperinus–ALD;Blatta lateralis–BL;Gryllus bimaculatus–GB;Grylloides sygillatus–GS;Hermetia illucens–HI;Musca domestica–MD;and Tenebrio molitor–TM)as potential protein and lipid sources in ruminant nutrition.Fermentation parameters and fatty acids(FA)of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro ruminal incubation of the tested insect meals were measured and compared with those of three plant-based meals(soybean meal,rapeseed meal and sunflower meal)and fishmeal(FM).Similarly to FM,the insect meals led to a significantly lower total gas production(on average,1.75vs.4.64 mmol/g dry matter-DM),methane production(on average,0.33 vs.0.91 mmol/g DM),volatile FA production(on average,4.12 vs.7.53 mmol/g DM),and in vitro organic matter disappearance(on average,0.32 vs.0.59 g/g)than those observed for the plant meals.The insect meals also led to lower ammonia of rumen fluid,when expressed as a proportion of total N(on average,0.74 vs.0.52 for the plant and insect meals,respectively),which could be an advantage provided that intestinal digestibility is high.Differences in ruminal fermentation parameters between the insect meals could be partially explained by their chitin,crude protein and ether extract contents,as well as by their FA profile.In particular,high content of polyunsaturated FA,or C12:0(in HI),seems to partially inhibit the ruminal fermentations.Conclusions:The tested full-fat insect meals appear to be potentially an interesting protein and lipid source for ruminants,alternative to the less sustainable and commonly used ones of plant origin.The FA profile of the rumen digesta of ACD,ALD,GB,GS and TM,being rich in n-6 polyunsaturated FA,could be interesting to improve the quality of ruminant-derived food products.
文摘Objective:Single-use flexible ureteroscopes(fURSs)have recently been introduced by different companies.Goal of this in-vitro study was to compare four fURSs.Methods:We performed in vitro analysis of Uscope 7.5 Fr and Uscope 9.5 Fr(Pusen Ltd.,Zhuhai,China),LithoVue 9.5 Fr(LithoVue,Boston Scientific,MA,USA),and Indoscope 9.5 Fr(Bioradmedisys,Pune,India).Optical characteristics(image resolution,color representation,and luminosity)were compared at various distances of 10 mm,20 mm,and 50 mm.Deflection and irrigation were evaluated with and without accessories.Results:Color perception was comparable for all scopes at 10 mm(p<0.05),while Lithovue 9.5 Fr was comparable with Indoscope 9.5 Fr at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm.Both scopes were statistically better than both Uscopes at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm.Image resolution powers were comparable amongst all fURSs at the distances of 10 mm and 20 mm(3.56 line pairs per millimeter[lp/mm]).However,Indoscope(3.56 lp/mm)was superior to LithoVue and Uscope scopes(3.17 lp/mm)at the distance of 50 mm.Luminosity at the distance of 10 mm was comparable for LithoVue and Uscope 9.5 Fr.However,at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm,LithoVue had the highest luminosity while Uscope 7.5 Fr had the lowest one.Indoscope had lower luminosity than other 9.5 Fr scopes at all distances.With empty working channel and 200 mm laser fiber,Indoscope had the maximum deflection(285).With basket,Uscope 7.5 Fr had the maximum loss of deflection(30)while Indoscope had no deflection loss.With empty working channel,all scopes had comparable irrigation flow rates in both deflected and undeflected state.Similarly,with 200 mm laser or basket,irrigation flow rates were comparable in all scopes.Conclusion:Color representation was equivalent for Indoscope and LithoVue,while being better than Uscope 7.5 Fr and Uscope 9.5 Fr.Image resolution was comparable in all scopes at the distances of 10 mm and 20 mm.Beyond the distance of 10 mm,luminosity of LithoVue was the highest and that of Uscope 7.5 Fr was the lowest.Deflection loss was the minimum with Indoscope and the maximum with 7.5 Fr Uscope.Under all scenarios,irrigation flow rates were comparable in all scopes.