In this study, the changes of a vacuum arc's appearance were observed and the volt-ampere characteristics of the vacuum arc at intermediate frequency were analyzed under a transverse magnetic field (TMF). The TMF a...In this study, the changes of a vacuum arc's appearance were observed and the volt-ampere characteristics of the vacuum arc at intermediate frequency were analyzed under a transverse magnetic field (TMF). The TMF and phase shift time were calculated by using the TMF contact model and the large phase shift of the magnetic field at a higher frequency was conductive to the dispersion process of residual plasma. The arc velocity was higher at 800 Hz than at 400 Hz. It can be inferred that TMF will encourage arc movement at 800 Hz. Moreover, the arc movement has an impact on the arc voltage. Because of the increasing length of the arc column with a high arc velocity, the elongated arc causes the arc voltage to increase. Specifically, the volt-ampere characteristics of the vacuum arc are divided into three stages in this paper. The higher the frequency, the greater the initial rate of rise in the arc voltage and the larger the area surrounded by arc volt-ampere characteristics. The correlations between the arc voltage and the amplitude and frequency of the current are also presented.展开更多
The volt-ampere (Ⅰ-Ⅴ) characteristics of the c/s-poly (phenyl acetylene) (PPA) of cis-transoidal structure has been studied in the temperature range of 253-288K. An ITO/ PPA/ Au sandwich configuration was used for t...The volt-ampere (Ⅰ-Ⅴ) characteristics of the c/s-poly (phenyl acetylene) (PPA) of cis-transoidal structure has been studied in the temperature range of 253-288K. An ITO/ PPA/ Au sandwich configuration was used for the measurements. Under an applied field of less than 10~5V/ cm it showed ohmic behavior, while the space charge limited current (SCLC) was observed at applied fields above 5×10~5V/ cm. In the ohmic region a conductivity of 1.37×10^(-16)S/ cm was obtained at room temperature with an activation energy of 0.5eV. These data indicate that the conduction is not intrinsic one but is the result of thermal release of trapped carriers. In fact the data in the SCLC region treated according to the theory for a single Gaussian distribution of traps gave a mean trap energy of 0.48 eV with a half-width of 0.4 eV and a total density of trapping states of 5×10^(16)/cm^3.展开更多
Thermal steam plasma jet is promising for applications in environmental industries due to its distinctive characteristics of high enthalpy and high chemical reactivity. However, the performance of the steam plasma tor...Thermal steam plasma jet is promising for applications in environmental industries due to its distinctive characteristics of high enthalpy and high chemical reactivity. However, the performance of the steam plasma torch for its generation is limited by the problems of the large arc voltage fluctuation and serious erosion of the electrodes. In this study, a gas-stabilized steam plasma torch which can operate continuously and stably was designed. Experiments were conducted to reveal the effect of the different working parameters, including the anode diameter, the cooling water temperature, the arc current and the steam flow rate, on its Volt-Ampere characteristics, arc voltage fluctuation, thermal efficiency, jet characteristics and electrodes erosion. Results showed that the use of hot water to cool the electrodes can effectively prevent the condensation of steam on the inner wall of the electrodes, thus significantly reducing the arc voltage fluctuations and electrodes erosion. This is crucial for increasing the working life of the electrodes and ensuring long-term stability of the steam plasma torch. In addition, suitable anode diameter can greatly reduce the arc voltage fluctuation of the steam plasma torch and effectively improve the stability of the steam plasma jet. Furthermore, high arc current can effectively reduce the fluctuations of the arc voltage and increase the length and the volume of the steam plasma jet. Finally, using steam as the plasma forming gas can achieve higher thermal efficiency compared to air. An ideal thermal efficiency can be achieved by properly reducing the arc current and increasing the steam flow rate.展开更多
In order to study the methods to enhance the efficacy of electrodeless lamp,volt-ampere characteristics,illuminance and emission spectrum have been investigated in home-built electrodeless lamp experimental system wit...In order to study the methods to enhance the efficacy of electrodeless lamp,volt-ampere characteristics,illuminance and emission spectrum have been investigated in home-built electrodeless lamp experimental system with an electrodeless lamp in shape like QL 85 lamp.The results show that lamp current increases as lamp voltage increases in non-discharge,the current decreases first and then increases as the voltage increases in discharge.The illuminance of electrodeless lamp increases linearly with discharge power increasing,and it decreases linearly with power decreasing.The emission spectrum is different for different bulb and lighting time.The spectrum of Ar 811.5 nm,76.5 nm,750.4 nm and Hg 313.2 nm decrease with lighting time.While the intensity of Hg 407.8 nm increases with lighting time.展开更多
Based on the principle of ion-bombarded reemission and sputtering desorption, the Glow Discharge Cleaning with helium (GDC(He)) is an effective method for controlling the recycle of H on the chamber wall, Carbon(C), O...Based on the principle of ion-bombarded reemission and sputtering desorption, the Glow Discharge Cleaning with helium (GDC(He)) is an effective method for controlling the recycle of H on the chamber wall, Carbon(C), Oxygen(O) impurity and improving the wall conditioning in HL-lM tokamak. It is characterized by simplicity without magnet and safety, compared with Taylor Discharge Cleaning (TDC), Alternating current glow discharge Cleaning (AC), Electron Cyclotron Resonance-Discharge Cleaning (ECR-DC). Compared with bake-out degassing, the wall has a higher degassing rate during GDC(He) and a lower impurity concentration in vacuum chambers after GDC(He). Cleaning patterns have been developed dominantly for de-oxidization, de-carbonization and de-hydrogenization. The cleaning parameters for H recycle on the wall are also presented. This paper mainly describes the GDC system along with its parameters, breakdown voltage, volt-ampere characteristic, the range of operation safe and suitable cleaning patterns in the HL-lM tokamak, finally concluding with some suggestions on HL-2A GDC.展开更多
直流输电系统的内过电压主要通过金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide arrester,MOA)加以限制,避雷器在内过电压下的保护特性对确定设备的操作冲击绝缘水平具有重要意义。根据±1 100 k V主回路接线、避雷器配置、交直流系统参数等,建立...直流输电系统的内过电压主要通过金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide arrester,MOA)加以限制,避雷器在内过电压下的保护特性对确定设备的操作冲击绝缘水平具有重要意义。根据±1 100 k V主回路接线、避雷器配置、交直流系统参数等,建立了±1 100 k V系统内过电压计算模型。对避雷器电压和电流波形进行仿真,对避雷器电流的波头时间进行统计。统计结果为:内过电压下通过避雷器电流的波头时间均不小于100μs,大于标准操作冲击电流的波头时间30μs,需要对较缓电流波头下避雷器的保护特性进行研究。为加以对比,对波形为316/814μs、30/60μs、8/20μs和1/4μs电流下的避雷器伏秒特性和伏安特性进行了试验研究。结果表明,同样电流下,1/4μs的伏安特性曲线高于8/20μs、30/60μs和316/814μs的曲线,而后三者的伏安特性曲线则区别不大;8/20μs、30/60μs和316/814μs的伏安特性相比,在0.1~1 k A电流范围内,30/60μs的伏安特性曲线比8/20μs和316/814μs的伏安特性曲线稍高。由于避雷器操作冲击电流的波头时间均不小于100μs,内过电压下避雷器取30/60μs电流波形下的伏安曲线是合适的,且是稍微偏严的。最后试验测试了避雷器电阻片在30/60μs操作冲击电流下的伏安特性。展开更多
基金supported by Special Scientific and Research Funds for Doctoral Specialty of Institution of Higher Learning (200800060004)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51177004)by the Innovation foundation of BUAA for Ph.D Graduates
文摘In this study, the changes of a vacuum arc's appearance were observed and the volt-ampere characteristics of the vacuum arc at intermediate frequency were analyzed under a transverse magnetic field (TMF). The TMF and phase shift time were calculated by using the TMF contact model and the large phase shift of the magnetic field at a higher frequency was conductive to the dispersion process of residual plasma. The arc velocity was higher at 800 Hz than at 400 Hz. It can be inferred that TMF will encourage arc movement at 800 Hz. Moreover, the arc movement has an impact on the arc voltage. Because of the increasing length of the arc column with a high arc velocity, the elongated arc causes the arc voltage to increase. Specifically, the volt-ampere characteristics of the vacuum arc are divided into three stages in this paper. The higher the frequency, the greater the initial rate of rise in the arc voltage and the larger the area surrounded by arc volt-ampere characteristics. The correlations between the arc voltage and the amplitude and frequency of the current are also presented.
文摘The volt-ampere (Ⅰ-Ⅴ) characteristics of the c/s-poly (phenyl acetylene) (PPA) of cis-transoidal structure has been studied in the temperature range of 253-288K. An ITO/ PPA/ Au sandwich configuration was used for the measurements. Under an applied field of less than 10~5V/ cm it showed ohmic behavior, while the space charge limited current (SCLC) was observed at applied fields above 5×10~5V/ cm. In the ohmic region a conductivity of 1.37×10^(-16)S/ cm was obtained at room temperature with an activation energy of 0.5eV. These data indicate that the conduction is not intrinsic one but is the result of thermal release of trapped carriers. In fact the data in the SCLC region treated according to the theory for a single Gaussian distribution of traps gave a mean trap energy of 0.48 eV with a half-width of 0.4 eV and a total density of trapping states of 5×10^(16)/cm^3.
基金the support of the Key Research Program of the Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department,China(No.2017GZ0096)
文摘Thermal steam plasma jet is promising for applications in environmental industries due to its distinctive characteristics of high enthalpy and high chemical reactivity. However, the performance of the steam plasma torch for its generation is limited by the problems of the large arc voltage fluctuation and serious erosion of the electrodes. In this study, a gas-stabilized steam plasma torch which can operate continuously and stably was designed. Experiments were conducted to reveal the effect of the different working parameters, including the anode diameter, the cooling water temperature, the arc current and the steam flow rate, on its Volt-Ampere characteristics, arc voltage fluctuation, thermal efficiency, jet characteristics and electrodes erosion. Results showed that the use of hot water to cool the electrodes can effectively prevent the condensation of steam on the inner wall of the electrodes, thus significantly reducing the arc voltage fluctuations and electrodes erosion. This is crucial for increasing the working life of the electrodes and ensuring long-term stability of the steam plasma torch. In addition, suitable anode diameter can greatly reduce the arc voltage fluctuation of the steam plasma torch and effectively improve the stability of the steam plasma jet. Furthermore, high arc current can effectively reduce the fluctuations of the arc voltage and increase the length and the volume of the steam plasma jet. Finally, using steam as the plasma forming gas can achieve higher thermal efficiency compared to air. An ideal thermal efficiency can be achieved by properly reducing the arc current and increasing the steam flow rate.
基金Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50477005)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20100480255)Basic Research Foundation of Tsinghua University(JCpy2005053,20092000399,20102000442)
文摘In order to study the methods to enhance the efficacy of electrodeless lamp,volt-ampere characteristics,illuminance and emission spectrum have been investigated in home-built electrodeless lamp experimental system with an electrodeless lamp in shape like QL 85 lamp.The results show that lamp current increases as lamp voltage increases in non-discharge,the current decreases first and then increases as the voltage increases in discharge.The illuminance of electrodeless lamp increases linearly with discharge power increasing,and it decreases linearly with power decreasing.The emission spectrum is different for different bulb and lighting time.The spectrum of Ar 811.5 nm,76.5 nm,750.4 nm and Hg 313.2 nm decrease with lighting time.While the intensity of Hg 407.8 nm increases with lighting time.
文摘Based on the principle of ion-bombarded reemission and sputtering desorption, the Glow Discharge Cleaning with helium (GDC(He)) is an effective method for controlling the recycle of H on the chamber wall, Carbon(C), Oxygen(O) impurity and improving the wall conditioning in HL-lM tokamak. It is characterized by simplicity without magnet and safety, compared with Taylor Discharge Cleaning (TDC), Alternating current glow discharge Cleaning (AC), Electron Cyclotron Resonance-Discharge Cleaning (ECR-DC). Compared with bake-out degassing, the wall has a higher degassing rate during GDC(He) and a lower impurity concentration in vacuum chambers after GDC(He). Cleaning patterns have been developed dominantly for de-oxidization, de-carbonization and de-hydrogenization. The cleaning parameters for H recycle on the wall are also presented. This paper mainly describes the GDC system along with its parameters, breakdown voltage, volt-ampere characteristic, the range of operation safe and suitable cleaning patterns in the HL-lM tokamak, finally concluding with some suggestions on HL-2A GDC.
文摘直流输电系统的内过电压主要通过金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide arrester,MOA)加以限制,避雷器在内过电压下的保护特性对确定设备的操作冲击绝缘水平具有重要意义。根据±1 100 k V主回路接线、避雷器配置、交直流系统参数等,建立了±1 100 k V系统内过电压计算模型。对避雷器电压和电流波形进行仿真,对避雷器电流的波头时间进行统计。统计结果为:内过电压下通过避雷器电流的波头时间均不小于100μs,大于标准操作冲击电流的波头时间30μs,需要对较缓电流波头下避雷器的保护特性进行研究。为加以对比,对波形为316/814μs、30/60μs、8/20μs和1/4μs电流下的避雷器伏秒特性和伏安特性进行了试验研究。结果表明,同样电流下,1/4μs的伏安特性曲线高于8/20μs、30/60μs和316/814μs的曲线,而后三者的伏安特性曲线则区别不大;8/20μs、30/60μs和316/814μs的伏安特性相比,在0.1~1 k A电流范围内,30/60μs的伏安特性曲线比8/20μs和316/814μs的伏安特性曲线稍高。由于避雷器操作冲击电流的波头时间均不小于100μs,内过电压下避雷器取30/60μs电流波形下的伏安曲线是合适的,且是稍微偏严的。最后试验测试了避雷器电阻片在30/60μs操作冲击电流下的伏安特性。