Novel control scheme for 3-phase PWM current-source converters under unbalanced source voltage conditions

Under unbalanced source voltage supply, considerable output second harmonics and input low-order harmonics in 3-phase PWM current-source converters (PWM-CSC) are generated. This paper proposes a new deadbeat controller based on compensation for unbalanced source voltage and current. With the proposed scheme, the second harmonics of the output current are eliminated and low-order harmonics of the source current are reduced effectively. Simulation and experimental results con- firmed the feasibility of the proposed method.

Multilevel Current Source Converters for High Power Medium Voltage Applications

In medium voltage high power applications,multi-level current source converters(CSCs)are good candidate to increase system power region,reliability,and the quality of output waveforms.Compared with widely researched voltage source multi-level converters(MLCs),the current source MLCs have the advantages of inherent short-circuit protection,high power capability and high quality of output current waveforms.The main features of MLCs include reduced harmonics,lower switching frequency and reduced current stress on each device which is a particularly important for high power application with low voltage and high current requirements.This paper conducts a general review of the current research about MLCs in higher power medium voltage application.The different types of parallel structure based MLCs and the modulation methodologies will be introduced and compared.Specifically,the circuit analysis of the common-mode(CM)loop for parallel structures will be conducted,the common-mode voltage(CMV)and circulating current suppression methods developed on the base of multilevel modulations will be addressed.

基于功率切换模型的三相VSC切换控制方法

三相电压源变换器(voltage source converter,VSC)工作过程可视为在不同开关状态(即不同子系统)下的切换,是一种典型的切换系统。基于切换系统理论,提出一种三相电网平衡条件下基于功率切换模型的三相VSC切换控制策略。相较于传统基于线性化模型的三相VSC控制方法,所提方法具有模型精确无近似,控制参数少,控制器实现简单,无需复杂的坐标旋转变换和脉冲宽度调制过程,对于电路参数不确定具有强鲁棒性等优点。相较于传统基于电流切换模型的三相VSC切换控制策略,所提方法具有模型更便于系统分析与切换规则设计且提升了系统延迟条件下系统稳定性等优点。仿真及实验比较结果证明了所提方法的有效性及优越性。

Enhanced control of DFIG-used back-to-back PWM VSC under unbalanced grid voltage conditions

This paper presents a unified positive-and negative-sequence dual-dq dynamic model of wind-turbine driven doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. Strategies for enhanced control and operation of a DFIG-used back-to-back(BTB) PWM voltage source converter(VSC) are proposed. The modified control design for the grid-side converter in the stationary αβ frames diminishes the amplitude of DC-link voltage ripples of twice the grid frequency,and the two proposed control targets for the rotor-side converter are alternatively achieved,which,as a result,improve the fault-ride through(FRT) capability of the DFIG based wind power generation systems during unbalanced network supply. A complete unbalanced control scheme with both grid-and rotor-side converters included is designed. Finally,simulation was carried out on a 1.5 MW wind-turbine driven DFIG system and the validity of the developed unified model and the feasibility of the proposed control strategies are all confirmed by the simulated results.

An Operational Test Method for VSC-HVDC Valves Based on Modular Multi-level Converters

为给基于模块化多电平换流器（modular multi-levelconverter,MMC）的电压源换流器高压直流输电（voltagesourced converter HVDC,VSC-HVDC）换流阀提供有效的检验手段,以验证其设计的正确性及其运行可靠性,对换流阀的运行特性和关键应力进行分析,提出基于原理等效的MMC阀运行试验方法,设计试验电路并阐明其运行机理。搭建的PSCAD电磁暂态仿真模型和实际的试验验证证明了试验方法的正确性和有效性。

Recent Developments of Modulation and Control for High-Power Current-Source-Converters Fed Electric Machine Systems

The pulse-width-modulated(PWM)current-source converters(CSCs)fed electric machine systems can be considered as a type of high reliability energy conversion systems,since they work with the long-life DC-link inductor and offer high fault-tolerant capability for short-circuit faults.Besides,they provide motor friendly waveforms and four-quadrant operation ability.Therefore,they are suitable for high-power applications of fans,pumps,compressors and wind power generation.The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review recent developments of key technologies on modulation and control of high-power(HP)PWM-CSC fed electric machines systems,including reduction of low-order current harmonics,suppression of inductor–capacitor(LC)resonance,mitigation of common-mode voltage(CMV)and control of modular PWM-CSC fed systems.In particular,recent work on the overlapping effects during commutation,LC resonance suppression under fault-tolerant operation and collaboration of modular PMW-CSCs are described.Both theoretical analysis and some results in simulations and experiments are presented.Finally,a brief discussion regarding the future trend of the HP CSC fed electric machines systems is presented.

构网型VSC暂态稳定机理及改进限幅策略

针对构网型变流器(grid-forming voltage source converter,GFM-VSC)系统在大扰动下暂态稳定问题,现有研究未能充分考虑电力电子电源暂态快速响应与控制可塑的特点。为此,以GFM-VSC为对象,借助等面积法原理与相平面图法,从能量角度揭示了其暂态响应机制与传统同步机系统的差异,分析了控制塑造下GFM-VSC系统的暂态稳定机理;然后,针对大扰动下易于触发的限幅环节,分析了系统无法自主退出限幅而失稳的机制,并提出了附带电流分配系数的改进限幅策略,有效增强了系统暂态稳定性。最后,通过仿真验证了理论分析与改进方法的正确性。

基于VSC的功率双向交直流互联系统直流侧阻抗特性分析及重塑

基于电压源型换流器(voltage source converter,VSC)的交直流互联系统因其接入灵活、电能转换高效得到越来越广泛的研究和应用。但高比例新能源接入、高比例电力电子化的特征会带来稳定性问题,系统的不同功率流向也会造成系统直流侧稳定性的差异。为研究与提升基于VSC的交直流互联系统的直流侧稳定性,该文综合考虑功率双向流动、锁相环(phase-locked loop,PLL)、电压和电流控制环以及电网阻抗等影响因素,建立VSC的直流侧导纳模型,通过解析分析VSC直流侧导纳特性,揭示系统失稳风险来源,并提出基于二阶微分环节的直流电压前馈控制方法重塑VSC直流侧阻抗,以提升交直流互联系统的稳定性。最后,在控制硬件在环(control-hardware-in-loop,CHIL)实验平台中构建基于VSC的交直流互联系统,通过实验验证对交直流互联系统直流侧阻抗特性分析的正确性及所提出阻抗重塑策略的有效性。

Optimum Energy Harvesting for Series-Connected Power Sources with Uniform Voltage Distribution

This paper presents a power system architecture where SIPO （series-input parallel-output） converters are controlled to achieve uniform inpt voltages across their respective series-connected power sources while also tracking the system optimum power point; the system optimum power point is the maximum power drawn from the series-connected power sources while their voltages are kept uniformly distributed. With proper uniform input voltage distribution control, near maximum use of the power sources is achieved by employing only one MPT （maximum power tracking） controller instead of multiple MPT controllers dedicated for their respective power sources. Provided that the maximum power point voltages of the input power sources are similar, the resulting system architecture offers near-maximum power transfer with a lower parts count. A feasibility study using computer simulation has successfully validated two SIPO power architectures and their control concepts for optimum power transfer.

弱并网条件下VSC的自适应型虚拟并网点规划与控制策略

电压源换流器(VSC)接入薄弱交流电网时存在系统小扰动稳定性问题,传统控制策略下VSC不得不降低输出功率以维持稳定运行。为提升弱并网VSC的小扰动稳定性,首先基于交流电压外环建立了弱并网VSC稳定性机理的通用分析模型,分析了锁相环(PLL)与VSC外环控制间的耦合特性,及其对系统小扰动稳定性的影响机理。在此基础上,提出了一种参数自适应型虚拟并网点控制策略。在PSCAD/EMTDC环境下搭建的弱并网VSC详细开关模型验证了所提控制方法的有效性。

A Study of Power Loss for 3 Phase Voltage Source Converter of Elevator

In this paper,to study the power loss of converter for elevator,The analysis is to establish relationship between parameters(current,voltages and losses in the inverter and converter) relevant for sizing of major components of the drive was done.) For high PWM(pulse width modulation) frequency like in elevator applications of fpwm =10kHz,switching losses are dominant and are about 2/3 of the total losses on IGBT switch.Transition from continuous 3 phase to discontinuous 2 phase PWM results in 50% reduction of switching loses on IGBT devices providing that PWM is not done over 60deg angle in a particular phase when current has maximum value.Total losses on IGBT(conduction + switching) are reduced approximately by ～1/3 what is still a significant reduction.Two phase PWM with reduced losses can be used for applications when acoustic noise due to increased current ripple is not significant and fall back solution to regular 3 phase PWM when drive operates under rare extreme conditions resulting in increased heat sink temperature.The analysis will be examined by further laboratory testing simulating 60% duty cycle on a dynamometer.

提升配网不平衡负载供电可靠性的VSC控制

配电网中存在的不平衡负载易使系统产生负序电流,严重时会影响配电网三相电压对称性,危害设备用电安全,利用电压源换流器(VSC)可对配电网中存在的负序电流进行抑制并提升配网供电可靠性。通过分析VSC输出接不平衡负载时的系统不平衡机理,提出在系统传统控制环路中引入谐振控制器,以抑制不平衡负载条件下控制环路中所存在的2倍工频脉动分量,所提出的控制策略免去常规控制中所需电压、电流正负序分离等控制环节,极大简化了系统控制结构。仿真和实验结果验证了所提出的系统控制策略能有效地抑制由不平衡负载引起的输出电压畸变,获得高质量的输出电压波形。

Research on Active and Reactive Power Decoupling Control Based on VSC-HVDC

Voltage Source Converter-based High Voltage Direct Current(VSC-HVDC)transmission technology represents a groundbreaking approach in high voltage Direct Current(DC)transmission,offering numerous technical advantages and broad application prospects.However,in the d-q synchronous rotating coordinate system,the VSC-HVDC exhibits the coupling effect of active power and reactive power,so it needs to be decoupled.This paper introduces the basic principle and mathematical model of the VSC-HVDC transmission system.Through the combination of coordinate transformation and variable substitution,a feedforward decoupling control method is derived.Then the VSC-HVDC simulation model is designed,and the simulation analysis is carried out in the MATLAB environment.The simulation results demonstrate that the method effectively achieves decoupling control of active and reactive power,exhibiting superior dynamic performance and robustness.These findings validate the correctness and effectiveness of the control strategy.

Analysis and synchronization controller design of dual-port gridforming voltage-source converters for different operation modes

Grid-tie voltage source converters(VSCs)can operate in three distinct modes:AC-dominant,DC-dominant,and balanced,depending on the placement of the stiff voltage sources.The distinct operation modes of the VSCs traditionally demand different synchronization control techniques,leading to heterogeneous VSCs.It is challenging for the power system to accommodate and coordinate heterogeneous VSCs.A promising universal synchronization control technique for VSCs is the DC-link voltage synchronization control(DVSC)based on a lead compensator(LC).The LC DVSC stabilizes both the DC and AC voltages of a VSC while achieving synchronization with the AC grid.This results in a dual-port grid-forming(DGFM)characteristic for the VSC.However,there has been very limited study on the stability and synchronization controller design of the VSCs with the LC DVSC operating in various modes.To bridge this gap,the paper presents a quantitative analysis on the stability and steady-state performance of the LC DVSC in all three operation modes of the DGFM VSC.Based on the analysis,the paper provides step-by-step design guidelines for the LC DVSC.Furthermore,the paper uncovers an instability issue related to the LC DVSC when the DGFM VSC operates in the balanced mode.To tackle the instability issue,a virtual resistance control is proposed and integrated with the LC DVSC.Simulation results validate the analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the DGFM VSC with the LC DVSC designed using the proposed guidelines in all three operation modes.Overall,the paper demonstrates the feasibility of employing the DGFM VSC with the LC DVSC for all three possible operation modes,which can help overcome the challenges associated with accommodating and coordinating heterogeneous VSCs in the power system.

VSC-HVDC稳态特性与潮流算法的研究

该文分析了 VSC-HVDC 的稳态功率特性及控制方式;在 VSC-HVDC 稳态模型的基础上,导出了其适用于牛顿法潮流计算的数学模型,并根据 VSC-HVDC 中电压源换流器(VSC)的控制对象大多为交流侧物理量的特点,提出了一种交直流混合系统潮流的交替求解算法:算法中计及了直流变量的约束条件,当混合系统潮流求解过程中无换流器调制度越界,算法可快速收敛,否则将由于交直流系统间相互影响,致使交替求解次数的增加。算例结果验证了 VSC-HVDC 潮流模型的正确性以及交替求解算法的有效性。该算法为进一步研究含有 VSC-HVDC 的交直流电力系统的潮流控制特性奠定了基础。

大规模近海风电场VSC-HVDC并网拓扑及其控制

针对大规模近海风电场地理分布上高度分散以及主要采用双馈式或直驱/半直驱式风电机组的特点,提出了相应的电压源型变流器的高压直流(voltage source converter based HVDC,VSC-HVDC)并网传输拓扑结构,并设计了相应的控制策略。为验证所提方案的可行性,利用Matlab/Simulink构建了一个近海风电场的5端口VSC-HVDC并网传输系统,并进行了系列仿真。仿真结果表明,所提VSC-HVDC方案可为大规模近海风电场的并网传输提供优化的解决方案。

VSC-HVDC系统控制体系框架

控制系统是VSC-HVDC系统的核心之一。目前虽已有许多研究者在该领域做了大量的工作,但多数成果集中在VSC-HVDC控制器的设计和控制方法的研究上,对整个VSC-HVDC系统控制体系框架的研究并不多见。本文在介绍VSC-HVDC系统结构的基础上,阐述了VSC-HVDC控制系统的基本功能,指出采用多重化配置和分层控制结构设计的必要性,具体提出建立四层结构的VSC-HVDC系统控制体系框架的观点,即直流系统控制层、换流器控制层、阀组控制层和独立控制层。文章在讲述各层配置原则的基础上,详细阐述了每个控制层次的控制功能和范围以及各层次之间的相互关系,并进一步介绍了控制系统和保护功能的协调配合问题,为VSC-HVDC控制系统的开发奠定了基础。

利用电流固有频率的VSC-HVDC直流输电线路故障定位

电压源换流器型直流输电(voltage source converterHVDC,VSC-HVDC)线路故障暂态过程中具有相对于交流线路更强的固有频率信号。由于VSC-HVDC直流输电线路两侧并联大电容,在高频的固有频率下系统阻抗可等效为电容阻抗,其值很小,行波在系统侧近似为全反射,因此,VSC-HVDC直流输电线路的固有频率只与故障距离和波速度有关。据此,提出通过对单端电流运用Prony算法进行频谱分析,获取其固有频率进而实现直流输电电路故障定位的方法。仿真结果表明该方法可实现VSC-HVDC直流输电线路的快速、准确定位。

光伏电站经VSC-HVDC并网拓扑及其控制策略

针对光伏发电与电压源换流器高压直流输电(voltagesource converter-high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)系统直流电压等级不匹配问题,提出了一种新的光伏电站经VSC-HVDC并网拓扑和控制策略,研究了该并网方案中光伏电站的运行特性,分析了单个光伏发电单元的控制策略和串联光伏发电单元支路故障控制策略;针对该拓扑结构中串联光伏发电单元效率易受不均匀辐照度影响的问题,提出了改进的电压源换流器(voltage source converter,VSC)直流侧电压斜率控制策略。在几种典型辐射情况下进行仿真,结果验证了所提控制策略的有效性,表明该方案可解决VSC-HVDC技术应用于光伏发电并网所面临的电压等级匹配问题。

VSC-HVDC频变参数电缆线路电流差动保护新原理

电压源换流器型直流输电(voltage source converter HVDC,VSC-HVDC)控制系统复杂,故障承受能力差,且多采用参数频变特性明显的电缆线路。提出一种频变参数电缆线路电流差动保护新原理。它建立在分布参数模型基础上,由两端电气量分别计算线路中点电流,并由此构造差动判据。为计算频变参数线路沿线任一点电流,提出一种计算沿线电流分布的新方法。仿真结果表明,该保护都能灵敏可靠地区分区内外故障,且对采样频率要求低,不受线路频变参数和分布电容的影响。