Larvicidal activity of Dregea volubilis and Bombax malabaricum leaf extracts against the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus

Objective:To analyze the larvicidal activity of two plant leaf powder and leaf-extracts, Dregea volubilis and Bombax malabaricum against Culex quinquefasciatus.Methods:The larvicidal bioassay was done for powdered leaves of Dregea volubilis and Bombax malabaricum individually and their methanol extracts against first-,second-,third- and fourth-instar larval forms of Culex quinquefasciatus.Mortality rate was recorded after 24,48 and 72 h of postexposure. LC50 and LG90 values were calculated at different time intervals for third instar larvae. Results:All the graded concentration（0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%,0.5%） of powdered leaves showed significant（P 【0.05） larval mortality.The mortality rate was higher in 50 ppm doses of methanolic extracts of both the plants against Culex quinquefaciatus.The corresponding 【C50 values were 56.97 ppm and 48.85 ppm,respectively after 24 h of exposure.There is no mortality of non-target organism such as Chironomous circumdatus,Oreochromis niloticus niloticus and Diplonichus annulatum within 72 h of post exposure to 0.1%,0.2%,0.3%crude powdered leaves and methanolic extracts of both the two individual plants under the laboratory condition.The results of preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis of both the plants revealed the presence of many bioactive principles such as steroids,tannins,flavonoids,triterpenoids,saponins,etc. that may be responsible for their bio-control potentiality.Conclusions:The results have shown potential and eco-friendly use of both plant extracts against larva of Culex quinquefasciatus for the first time.

n-Butanol Extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour: A Potent Spermicidal Agent In Vitro

Summary： Rhynchosia volubilis Lout has been a major drug in a folk prescription for contraception in China, whereas its mechanism remains unknown. Its antifertility effects on male mice and antimicrobial activities on sexually transmitted infection （STI） pathogens were previously reported. This study was undertaken to develop the n-Butanol extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour （BERVL） as a spermicidal agent with STI prevention. The spermicidal activities of BERVL with different doses were assessed using selected high-motile sperms of normal human semen samples, and their inhibitory effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus were determined. The mechanism of the spermicidal activity was explored by aqueous Eosin Y and Hoechst 33342/PI staining. The results showed spermicidal activities and inhibi- tory effects of BERVL on Lactobacillus acidophilus were dose-dependent. Dose of 90 mg/mL BERVL terminated all progressive sperm motility within 2 min, and had slight inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus, suggesting it was an effective and safe dose for contraception use. About 80% sperms exposed to BERVL displayed changes consistent with high permeability of head membrane. It is concluded that BERVL as spermicide has advantages over N-9 with strong ability to instantaneously kill human sperm and possesses light inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Elaboration of the Hydro-Geophysics GIS Showing the Volubilis Depression and the Prerifains Ridges Structuration (Morocco North Occidental)

We present a comparative analysis of electrical and gravity data on the Geographic Information System of the prerifaines ridges. At the Meso-Cenozo?c sequence, the geometry of the prerifaines ridges is fairly well known. However, the post-Miocene series remain to be characterized. In this perspective, we use a database composed of gravity and vertical electrical sounding profiles and geo-electrical sections in order to characterize this structuration. These data are calibrated by many oil and hydrogeological boreholes. Preliminary results lead to better understanding of the organization of its underlying structures in this area. The Gravimetric filtering results show that the area may be dissected by tree major faults striking NW-SE, NE-SW and N-S. All these faults have contributed, since Hercynian to Alpines orogenies, to the structuring of this area, being proved to be the deepest and can reach 4500 m. The comparison of gravity maps, geological and structural maps under Geographic Information System allows the identification of major structural directions and trends of the study area. It confirms some structural elements gathered from outcrops and define new ones. Results from this work show the importance of using various filtering and interpretation techniques in the analysis of gravity data. They also provide news insights into the deep structure of the study area.

Geranylated or prenylated flavonoids from Cajanus volubilis

Five new flavonoid derivatives,cajavolubones A-E(1-5),along with six known analogues(6-11)were isolated from Cajanus volubilis,and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations.Cajavolubones A and B(1 and 2)were identified as two geranylated chalcones.Cajavolubone C(3)was a prenylated flavone,while cajavolubones D and E(4 and 5)were two prenylated isoflavanones.Compounds 3,8,9 and 11 displayed cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cancer cell line.

特种油料植物星油藤不同定植方式生长规律研究

通过定期观测,对4种定植方式的星油藤（Plukenetia volubilis Linneo）植株高度生长量进行生长节律对比,应用Logistic回归分析的方法,拟合了星油藤株高生长量与时间的相关关系,构建了株高生长量的数学模型。结果表明,4种定植方式的星油藤株高生长高峰期均在定植后的第六周和第十一周,以挖穴施肥后回填的定植方式株高生长量最大。用Logistic回归方程对星油藤高度生长过程进行拟合,相关系数R2在0.994~0.999,表明回归方程模型的拟合程度与实际观测值较接近。

星油藤WOX基因家族成员的鉴定及其表达谱分析

本研究利用星油藤(Plukenetia volubilis L.)转录组及基因组数据库,通过本地BLAST,筛选到了9个星油藤WOX(PvoWOX)基因家族成员,并对它们编码的蛋白质氨基酸序列、分子量和等电点等进行了预测。通过构建系统进化树,将该基因家族成员分为3个进化支,分别为远古支、中间支和WUS支;进一步对PvoWOX家族成员的基因结构和蛋白保守结构域分析发现在同一进化支中均很保守,并且家族成员均含有保守的同源异型结构域,其中WUS支的成员都含有WUS-box结构域。利用转录组数据和qRT-PCR对PvoWOX基因家族成员在星油藤不同器官中的表达谱进行了分析,结果显示9个PvoWOX基因成员具有不同的表达模式,其中WUS支和中间支成员的表达具有组织特异性,而远古支成员则在不同的器官中均有表达。因此推测PvoWOX家族成员具有功能多样性,分别参与调控星油藤不同器官的发育过程。本研究结果为进一步研究PvoWOX的生物学功能提供了帮助。

快中子辐射星油藤突变体库的构建及其突变体筛选

星油藤(Plukenetia volubilis L.)是大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)多年生木质藤本油料植物,其种子油富含多不饱和脂肪酸,其中α-亚麻酸含量高达44.2%~50.8%,被认为是开发高营养价值保健食用油的理想原料之一。但星油藤易感染由尖孢镰刀菌引起的致死性根茎基腐病,严重限制了其推广种植。且因中国星油藤品种资源单一,无法采用传统的杂交育种方法获得抗病高产的新品种。因此,星油藤研究中的当务之急是创制新的种质资源。本研究采用快中子辐射诱变星油藤种子进行新种质创制。首先探索了不同快中子辐射剂量对星油藤成苗率的影响,以确定半致死剂量。然后采用半致死剂量快中子辐射星油藤种子构建突变体库,对M1代植株的生物学及其农艺性状进行观测分析。结果表明:(1)星油藤种子的快中子辐射半致死剂量约为47.6 Gy;(2)快中子辐射抑制了星油藤M1代幼苗生长;(3)快中子辐射的星油藤植株表型变异类型丰富,具有肉眼可见表型变异的植株占M1代存活株的9.2%,其中诱变株3A423果实显著增大,种子单粒重是野生型的1.8倍;(4)采用随机扩增多态性DNA技术(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA,RAPD)鉴定了5株具有扩增产物多态性的突变株。本研究获得的突变体材料将有助于星油藤遗传育种和功能基因组学的进一步研究。