High-throughput volumetric reconstruction for 3D wheat plant architecture studies

For many tller crops,the plant archit ecture(PA),including the plant fresh weight,plant height,number of tllrs,tller angle and stem diameter,sigificantly afects the grain yield.In this study,we propose a method based on volumetric reconstruction for high-throughput three-dimensional(3D)wheat PA studies.The proposed methodology involves plant volumetric reconst ruction from multiple images,plant model processing and phenotypic parameter estimation and analysis.This study was performed on 80 Triticum aestium plants,and the results were analyzed.Comparing the automated measurements with manual measurements,the mean absolute per-centage error(MAPE)in the plant height and the plant fresh weight was 2.71%(1.08cm with an average plant height of 40.07cm)and 10.06%(1.41g with an average plant fresh weight of 14.06 g),respectively.The root mean square error(RMSE)was 137 cm and 1.79g for the plant height and plant fresh weight,respectively.The correlation cofficients were 0.95 and 0.96 for the plant height and plant fresh weight,respectively.Additionally,the proposed methodology,in-cluding plant reconstruction,model processing and trait ext raction,required only approximately 20s on average per plant using parallel computing on a graphics processing unit(GPU),dem-onstrating that the methodology would be valuable for a high-throughput phenotyping platform.

Helical tomotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy:New therapeutic arms in the breast cancer radiotherapy

AIM To analyse clinical and dosimetric results of helical tomotherapy(HT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) in complex adjuvant breast and nodes irradiation.METHODS Seventy-three patients were included(31 HT and 42 VMAT). Dose were 63.8 Gy(HT) and 63.2 Gy(VMAT) in the tumour bed, 52.2 Gy in the breast, 50.4 Gy in supraclavicular nodes(SCN) and internal mammary chain(IMC) with HT and 52.2 Gy and 49.3 Gy in IMC and SCN with VMAT in 29 fractions. Margins to particle tracking velocimetry were greater in the VMAT cohort(7 mm vs 5 mm).RESULTS For the HT cohort, the coverage of clinical target volumes was as follows: Tumour bed: 99.4% ± 2.4%; breast: 98.4% ± 4.3%; SCN: 99.5% ± 1.2%; IMC:96.5% ± 13.9%. For the VMAT cohort, the coverage was as follows: Tumour bed: 99.7% ± 0.5%, breast: 99.3% ± 0.7%; SCN: 99.6% ± 1.4%; IMC: 99.3% ± 3%. For ipsilateral lung, Dmean and V20 were 13.6 ± 1.2 Gy, 21.1% ± 5%(HT) and 13.6 ± 1.4 Gy, 20.1% ± 3.2%(VMAT). Dmean and V30 of the heart were 7.4 ± 1.4 Gy, 1% ± 1%(HT) and 10.3 ± 4.2 Gy, 2.5% ± 3.9%(VMAT). For controlateral breast Dmean was 3.6 ± 0.2 Gy(HT) and 4.6 ± 0.9 Gy(VMAT). Acute skin toxicity grade 3 was 5% in the two cohorts.CONCLUSION HT and VMAT in complex adjuvant breast irradiation allow a good coverage of target volumes with an acceptable acute tolerance. A longer follow-up is needed to assess the impact of low doses to healthy tissues.

面向全息视频通信的自适应分块传输方法

基于分治和按需传输思想的分块传输技术是解决三维全息视频流传输的有效手段.然而,现有的分块方案要么缺乏自适应机制,要么不适用于移动实时通信场景.为此,本文提出了VVSTiler(Volumetric Video Streaming Tiling selector),一种面向全息视频通信的自适应分块传输方法,能够在动态且有限的计算和带宽资源下最大化视频的观感质量.具体而言,本文对不同粒度的分块方案带来的影响进行了初步研究,发现细粒度的分块方案可提高动态网络资源的利用率,粗粒度的分块方案可保证视频编解码效率和鲁棒性.基于此,本文构建了考虑预测视口、可用计算资源以及网络带宽等上下文信息的视频观感质量优化问题,并设计了一个高效的求解方案以支持在线的分块粒度决策.本文在8iVFB(8i Voxelized Full Bodies)标准数据集上将VVSTiler与当前主流的分块传输方法进行了比较.实验结果表明,VVSTiler在有偏差的视口预测情况下实现了高达60.4%的视频观感质量提升,在较准确的视口预测情况下平均每帧视频节省了27%的带宽资源.

基于手机指尖视频的心率提取算法研究

目的:为降低环境因素对心率提取的影响,提出一种基于手机指尖视频的心率提取算法。方法:首先,采集指尖视频并按照30帧/s的帧率进行图像提取,并将图像分离成R、G、B 3个通道图像。通过对比3个通道图像的亮度变化强弱情况,选取对指尖血流信号最为敏感的G通道作为信号源,提取图像亮度变化信息生成时长为10 s的容积脉搏波。其次,对该波形进行数字滤波、去除基线漂移、傅里叶变换等信号处理后,根据最大谱峰位置信息预估心率。最后,在BUT PPG数据集(Brno University of Technology Smartphone PPG Database)上验证提出的算法对心率的预测效果。结果:提出的算法心率预测值与实际心率的均方差、均方根差和平均绝对误差分别为3.71、1.92和1.2次/min。结论:提出的算法预测心率的准确率高,适合部署于手机进行日常心率监测。

人工模拟降雨系统喷头喷洒雨滴特性测试

利用2D视频雨滴谱仪,对喷头喷洒的雨滴形状、尺寸分布、平均直径和垂直降落速度等进行准确测量,分析了喷嘴直径、工作压力对雨滴平均直径变化趋势的影响,建立了雨滴平均直径与垂直降落速度间的关系模型。结果表明：人工模拟降雨系统下喷头喷洒雨滴的直径范围在0-3 mm;在相同喷嘴直径下,随着工作压力的增大,雨滴平均直径呈下降趋势;在工作压力不变的条件下,随着喷嘴直径的增大,雨滴平均直径会随之增大;通过雨滴平均直径与垂直下落速度间的关系模型,能够较好地预测雨滴的降落速度。

立体影像显示原理及其技术发展

阐述了立体显示的原理,着重介绍了处于研究热点的光学板遮挡、体积型立体显示和电子全息立体显示技术的原理及其技术发展状况.

视频编码的技术基础及发展方向

现有视频编码采用基于块的混合编码架构,利用预测、变换、量化和熵编码技术实现对视频信号的高效压缩。在现有架构基础上进一步优化,提供针对视频图像信号局部特性的更加灵活的处理和编码。基于机器学习的视频编码技术有望部分或全面地改变现有的混合编码框架,给视频编码带来新的研究思路。未来视频除了现有的二维平面视频,还需要编码面向AR/VR应用的球面视频数据和体视频数据,这些新的视频源数据格式也给视频编码技术研究带来新的机会和挑战。

基于三维离散余弦变换的体三维视频数据压缩

针对体三维视频数据量巨大的问题,提出基于三维离散余弦变换(3D-DCT)的体三维视频数据压缩方法.该方法结合3D-DCT和三维运动估计,利用3D-DCT消除体帧内部的空间冗余.提出快速三维块匹配算法实现运动估计消除相邻体帧之间的时间冗余,利用半体素搜索算法提高块匹配精度.提出帧内体块和帧间体块的量化方法,对量化后的DCT系数采用三维之字形扫描方式组织,应用游程/自适应算术编码系统实现对DCT系数的编码.实验结果表明,对于运动较平缓的序列,该方法的性能优于JPEG2000方法;对于运动剧烈的序列,在高比特率情况下性能不如JPEG2000.该方法的平均峰值信噪比相对于3D-DCT静态体图像压缩方法提高2dB左右.

An aqueous zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitor for achieving ultrahigh-volumetric energy density

Zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitors are regarded as promising safe energy storage systems,However,the relatively low volumetric energy density has become the main bottlenecks in practical applications of portable electronic devices,In this work,the zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitor with high volumetric energy density and superb cycle stability had been constructed which employing the high-density threedimensional graphene hydrogel as cathode and Zn foil used as anode in 1 mol/L ZnSO4 electrolyte.Benefiting from the abundant ion transport paths and the abundant active sites for graphene hydrogel with high density and porous structure,the zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitor exhibited an extremely high volumetric energy density of 118.42 Wh/L and a superb power density of 24.00 kW/L,as well as an excellent long cycle life(80% retention after 30,000 cycles at 10 A/g),which was superior to the volumetric energy density of the reported zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitors.This device,based on the fast ion adsorption/deso rption on the capacitor-type graphene cathode and reversible Zn^(2+) plating/stripping on the battery-type Zn anode,which will inspire the development of zinc-ion hybrid super-capacitor in miniaturized devices.

Three-color upconversion luminescence of rare earth codoped oxyhalide tellurite glasses

The red, green, and blue upconversion properties of Er^3＋/Tm^3＋/Yb^3＋-codoped oxyhalide tellurite glasses were studied under 980 nm LD excitation. The intense red （657 nm）, green （530 and 545 nm）, and blue （476 nm） emissions were simultaneously observed at room temperature. The results showed that the mixed halide modified tellurite glass （TZFCB） had strong upconversion emissions. The effect of halide on upconversion intensity was observed and discussed, and possible upconversion mechanisms were evaluated. The intense red, green, and blue upconversion luminescence of Er^3＋/Tm^3＋/Yb^3＋-codoped oxyhalide tellurite glasses might be a potentially useful material for developing three-dimensional displays applications.

Three-photon-excited fluorescence of Tb^(3+)-doped CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 glass by femtosecond laser irradiation

A near infrared to visible blue, green, and red upconversion luminescence in a Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass was studied, which was excited using 800 nm femtosecond laser irradiation. The upconversion luminescence was attributed to ^5D3→^7F5, ^5D3→^7F4, ^5D3→^7F3, ^5D4→^7F6, ^5D4→^7F5, ^5D4→^7F4, and ^5D4→^7F3 transitions of Tb^3＋. The relationship between upconversion luminescence intensity and the pump power indicated that a three-photon simultaneous absorption process was dominant in this upconversion luminescence. The intense red, green, and blue upconversion luminescence of Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass may be potentially useful in developing three-dimensional display applications.

A Method for Hierarchical Subband HDTV Splitting

In this paper, an investigation is made on compatibility of the video formats TV (625/50/2:1/4:3), EDTV (625/50/1:1/16:9), HDTVint (1250/50/2:1/16:9) and HDTVpro(1250/50/2:1/16:9) in three-dimensional subband coding. A hierarchical method is proposed leading to a more reasonable joint solution for the issues of digital transmission evolution and interlace-to-progressive scanning conversion ill the frame work of bit rate compression. Conventional HDTVint with the diamond shaped spectrum is proposed to be replaced by a kind of 'switching'HDTVin signal which consists of three components and motion detection bits (MDB). The first component and the MDB represent TV. The first plus the second component and the MDB represent EDTV.HDTVpro is splitted into switching HDTVint and extra component. The switching threshold and the length of temporal filter banks are discussed. Rearranging the pixels in subbands is recommended. Based on the proposed method, the transmission system can evolve through four steps: TV, EDTV, HDTVint and HDTVpro Results of bit rate compression are also presented. TV, EDTV, HDTVint and HDTVpro are compressed to approximately 40, 80, 128 and 256 Mbit/s respectively. Interlace scanning has drawbacks such as line flicker and line crawling as the eye follows the line structure in the picture. Progressive version switching TV and HDTVint can be reconstructed using one frame memory without the problems of handling temporal-vertical diamond shaped spectra of conventional TV and HDTVint based on a one-frame memory algorithm in the receiver.

Theranostics with radiation-induced ultrasound emission(TRUE)

Two novel ultrasound imaging techniques with imaging contrast mechanisms are in the works:X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography(XACT),and nanoscale photoacoustic tomogra-phy(nPAT).XACT has incredible potential in:(1)biomedical imaging,through which a 3D image can be generated using only a single X-ray projection,and(2)radiation dosimetry.nPATas a new alternative of super-resolution microscopy can break through the optical difraction limitand is capable of exploring sub-celular structures without reliance on fuorescence labeling.We expect these new imaging techniques to find widespread applications in both pre-clinical andclinical biomedical research.

Video tracking method for three-dimen-sional measurement of a free-swimming fish

A video system for tracking a free-swimming fish two-dimensionally is introduced in this paper. The tracking is accomplished by simultaneously taking images from the ventral view and the lateral view of the fish with two CCD cameras mounted on two computer-controlled and mutually orthogonal translation stages. By processing the images recorded during tracking,three-dimensional kinematic parameters of the tail and pectoral fin of the fish in forward,backward and turning swimming modes are obtained.

The study of two-color excitation upconversion of Pr(0.5)Yb(3):ZBLAN

The excited state absorption upconversion of Pr(0.5)Yb(3):ZBLAN glass material, under two-color excitation of the 960 nm semiconductor laser and the Xe lamp light simultaneously, is reported in this article. It was found that the upconversion emission spectra of 480.1, 519.0, 601.9 and 631.8 nm coincide with the common emission spectra. Meanwhile, the upconversion-excitation spectrum has three obvious peaks under two-color excitation, and they respectively correspond to the 856.0 nm upconversion ex-citation transition [1G4(Pr3+)→1I6(Pr3+) and 1G4(Pr3+)→3P1(Pr3+)], the 789.0 nm upconver-sion excitation transition 1G4(Pr3+)→3P2(Pr3+), and the 803.7 nm upconversion excitation transition 3H6(Pr3+)→1D2(Pr3+). The upconversion excitation transition 1G4(Pr3+)→1I6(Pr3+) is strong because its oscillator strength f = 23.040×10?6 is large, which results in a large peak appearing in the upconversion excitation spectrum. That is just the new interesting two-color excitation upconversion luminescence phenomenon of Pr(0.5)Yb(3):ZBLAN induced by one laser and one continuous normal light simultaneously.