Discrete vortex bound states with a van Hove singularity in the vicinity of the Fermi level

A theoretical study on discrete vortex bound states is carried out near a vortex core in the presence of a van Hove singularity(VHS) near the Fermi level by solving Bogoliubov–de Gennes(Bd G) equations. When the VHS lies exactly at the Fermi level and also at the middle of the band, a zero-energy state and other higher-energy states whose energy ratios follow integer numbers emerge. These discrete vortex bound state peaks undergo a splitting behavior when the VHS or Fermi level moves away from the middle of the band. Such splitting behavior will eventually lead to a new arrangement of quantized vortex core states whose energy ratios follow half-odd-integer numbers.

Quantized bound states around a vortex in anisotropic superconductors

The bound states around a vortex in anisotropic superconductors is a longstanding yet important issue.In this work,we develop a variational theory on the basis of the Andreev approximation to obtain the energy levels and wave functions of the low-energy quantized bound states in superconductors with anisotropic pairing on arbitrary Fermi surface.In the case of circular Fermi surface,the effective Schr¨odinger equation yielding the bound state energies gets back to the theory proposed by Volovik and Kopnin many years ago.Our generalization here enables us to prove the equidistant energy spectrum inside a vortex in a broader class of superconductors.More importantly,we are now able to obtain the wave functions of these bound states by projecting the quasiclassical wave function on the eigenmodes of the effective Schr¨odinger equation,going beyond the quasiclassical Eilenberger results,which,as we find,are sensitive to the scattering rate.For the case of isotropic Fermi surface,the spatial profile of the low-energy local density of states is dominated near the vortex center and elongates along the gap antinode directions,in addition to the ubiquitous Friedel oscillation arising from the quantum inteference neglected in the Eilenberger theory.Moreover,as a consequence of the pairing anisotropy,the quantized wave functions develop a peculiar distribution of winding number,which reduces stepwise towards the vortex center.Our work provides a flexible way to study the vortex bound states in the future.

电子型FeSe基高温超导体的磁通束缚态与Majorana零能模

作为凝聚态物理中一类新奇准粒子态,Majorana零能模(Majorana zero mode)由于可用来实现拓扑量子计算而成为当前的研究热点.理论预言,Majorana零能模可作为特殊的束缚态出现在一些拓扑超导体的磁通涡旋中.但实际超导体磁通中还可能存在其他低能束缚态或杂质态,这给Majorana零能模的辨别和具体应用带来了困难.目前实验上寻找合适的拓扑超导体系、分辨出清晰的Majorana零能模仍然是十分迫切的.本文主要介绍最近利用高能量分辨的扫描隧道显微镜,对电子掺杂铁硒类超导体(Li,Fe)OHFeSe和单层FeSe/SrTiO3磁通态进行的研究.实验上在前者的自由磁通中观测到清晰的零能模,并进一步测量到Majorana零能模的重要特征—量子化电导.而在后者磁通中只发现常规Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon(CdGM)束缚态,反映出s波对称性的特征.这系列实验既为Majorana零能模物性的进一步研究提供了合适平台,也为澄清铁基超导体中拓扑超导电性的来源提供了线索.

涡旋态参与的约瑟夫森效应

报道一种新的约瑟夫森效应—涡旋态参与的约瑟夫森效应。在这种效应中,涡旋束缚态和Andreev态的干涉效应导致了约瑟夫森超流的台阶状演化,并且台阶数目等于有效导电通道数目。

多带笼目超导体CsV_(3)Sb_(5)衍生体系的可调磁通涡旋束缚态

Vortices and bound states offer an effective means of comprehending the electronic properties of superconductors.Recently,surface-dependent vortex core states have been observed in the newly discovered kagome superconductors CsV_(3)Sb_(5).Although the spatial distribution of the sharp zero energy conductance peak appears similar to Majorana bound states arising from the superconducting Dirac surface states,its origin remains elusive.In this study,we present observations of tunable vortex bound states(VBSs)in two chemically-doped kagome superconductors Cs(V_(1-x)Tr_(x))_(3)Sb_(5)(Tr=Ta or Ti),using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy.The CsV_(3)Sb_(5)-derived kagome superconductors exhibit full-gap-pairing superconductivity accompanied by the absence of long-range charge orders,in contrast to pristine CsV_(3)Sb_(5).Zero-energy conductance maps demonstrate a field-driven continuous reorientation transition of the vortex lattice,suggesting multiband superconductivity.The Ta-doped CsV_(3)Sb_(5)displays the conventional cross-shaped spatial evolution of Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon bound states,while the Tidoped CsV_(3)Sb_(5)exhibits a sharp,non-split zero-bias conductance peak(ZBCP)that persists over a long distance across the vortex.The spatial evolution of the non-split ZBCP is robust against surface effects and external magnetic field but is related to the doping concentrations.Our study reveals the tunable VBSs in multiband chemically-doped CsV_(3)Sb_(5)system and offers fresh insights into previously reported Y-shaped ZBCP in a non-quantum-limit condition at the surface of kagome superconductor.

Topological vortex phase transitions in iron-based superconductors

We study topological vortex phases in iron-based superconductors. Besides the previously known vortex end Majorana zero modes(MZMs) phase stemming from the existence of a three dimensional(3 D) strong topological insulator state, we show that there is another topologically nontrivial phase as iron-based superconductors can be doped superconducting 3 D weak topological insulators(WTIs). The vortex bound states in a superconducting 3 D WTI exhibit two different types of quantum states, a robust nodal superconducting phase with pairs of bulk MZMs and a full-gap topologically nontrivial superconducting phase which has single vortex end MZM in a certain range of doping level. Moreover, we predict and summarize various topological phases in iron-based superconductors, and find that carrier doping and interlayer coupling can drive systems to have phase transitions between these different topological phases.

扫描隧道显微谱仪对超导磁通芯子态的研究进展

磁通是第Ⅱ类超导体中的重要量子现象,对磁通物理的研究无论是对非常规超导机理问题还是超导应用都有着重要的意义.扫描隧道显微镜/谱仪是研究材料表面形貌结构和局域电子态密度的重要手段,在超导研究方面有着重要和不可替代的作用.在磁通研究方面,扫描隧道显微镜/谱仪能够直接测量得到磁通芯子的形状和磁通的分布情况.本文针对扫描隧道显微镜/谱仪可以研究的磁通芯子附近态密度分布问题,重点对超导体中拓扑平庸的磁通芯子态的研究进展进行总结.

光子学连续域束缚态的理论及应用

连续域束缚态(BIC)是一种特殊本征态,它与扩展态共存却具有强烈的局域性,不向自由空间辐射能量。自1929年被发现以来,BIC的相关理论与实验都取得了长足发展,成为当前的一个热门研究方向。在BIC研究的众多方向中,光子学是BIC研究中的一个重要平台,在非线性光学、传感与滤波、波导与通信等方向都有应用。本文回顾了BIC的研究历史并系统地介绍了光子学领域中BIC的分类及产生机制;归纳了几种常用的理论分析方法,并讨论了光子学BIC现有的应用以及未来展望。

强相互作用极化费米气体中涡旋束缚态的研究

涡旋态的研究对理解冷原子体系超流特性有很重要的价值.文章在简要回顾涡旋态研究历史的基础上,介绍了文章作者近期在超冷极化费米气体中涡旋态的工作.通过应用平均场的方法,从理论上研究了强相互作用极化费米气中单个涡旋态的结构.发现在涡旋态核中,Andreev束缚态的填充可引起一种量子相变.这就提供了一种新颖的探测Andreev束缚态的方法,在冷原子物理中,可通过吸收成像方法来完成.进一步文章作者对涡旋态的核尺寸进行了研究,发现涡旋态的核尺寸随着体系极化程度的增加而变大.