An Experimental Investigation on the Quasi-Static Flotation Transport of a Glass Substrate Using Vortex Bearing Elements

In this paper, we build an air conveyor with newly developed vortex bearing elements, and study the flotation precision of the front-end of the substrate in quasi-static flotation transport. We experimentally discuss the three influential factors: air supply pressure, thickness of the substrates and installing direction of the vortex bearing element. We find that during the process of transport the movement of the substrate leads to the variation of flotation height. The amplitude of variation (e.g. flotation precision) is dependent upon the bearing stiffness and the suction force of the vortex bearing elements. Increasing air supply pressure properly can improve the flotation precision, but an excess pressure can cause over-suction due to high negative pressure and result in a poor flotation precision. We also know that the flotation precision of thin and light substrates are easily affected by the suction force of vortex flow because they float with a high flotation height and are more susceptible to deformation. Finally, we investigate four installing directions of the vortex bearing element. Different installing direction can lead to different variation of flotation height.

SUPERPOSITION ABOUT THE 3D VORTEX SOLUTIONS OF THE FLUID DYNAMIC EQUATION

A class of exact general solutions of an axisymmetric flow of the fluid dynamic equations is given. Then some examples are discussed. Some vortex solutions can be superposed to give other exact solutions. It can be used to analyse the generation and evolution of the vortex ring.

LNG高架火炬塔架及排气筒的设计与分析

为保证某高度为115.5 m的LNG火炬塔架和排气筒满足强度和稳定性要求,采用STAAD.Pro软件建立结构三维数值模型,对结构在风载荷、地震载荷、温度载荷作用下的构件内力与变形计算并对排气筒进行振动特性分析。计算结果表明:结构在基本载荷及组合工况下强度和稳定性均满足规范要求。同时,结构前10阶振型对应的雷诺数在亚临界范围之内,说明塔架会产生涡激共振,进而给出相应的减振措施。塔架的第3节段是综合应力最大节点,应用ANSYS有限元分析对该节点进行分析核算,得出最大等效应力点位于塔架柱与横杆连接点根部,σ_(max)=286.09 MPa。该值小于材料的抗拉强度,说明节点具有足够的承载力。

高耸烟囱风致响应精细化计算方法

高耸烟囱的风致响应可分为顺风向响应和横风向响应,其中顺风向响应以大气脉动风引起的抖振响应为主,横风向响应以Karman旋涡脱落引起的涡激振动为主,准确地预测和评估这两种风致响应对其抗风设计和结构安全性至关重要。在Tamura提出的二维平面尾流振子模型的基础上进一步推导,将该模型成功运用在三维结构上,提出可用于实际工程结构的有限元迭代计算方法,为高耸烟囱类结构横风向涡振响应的计算提供了新的方法。此外,基于结构的固有模态坐标,建立了适用于高耸烟囱耦合抖振响应分析的有限元CQC频域计算方法,并将频域计算结果与时域计算结果对比。结果表明:有限元迭代计算方法可以有效地计算三维烟囱的涡振响应,烟囱抖振响应频域计算和时域计算结果吻合良好。

Computation of Viscous Uniform and Shear Flow over A Circular Cylinder by A Finite Element Method

The incompressible viscous uniform and shear flow past a circular cylinder is studied. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a finite element method. The governing equations are discretized by a weighted residual method in space. The stable three-step scheme is applied to the momentum equations in the time integration. The numerical model is firstly applied to the computation of the lid-driven cavity flow for its validation. The computed results agree well with the measured data and other numerical results. Then, it is used to simulate the viscous uniform and shear flow over a circular cylinder for Reynolds numbers from 100 to 1000. The transient time interval before the vortex shedding occurs is shortened considerably by introduction of artificial perturbation. The computed Strouhal number, drag and lift coefficients agree well with the experimental data. The computation shows that the finite element model can be successfully applied to the viscous flow problem.

Suppression of Vortex-Induced Vibration by Fairings on Marine Risers

Vortex-induced vibration is quite common during the operation of offshore risers or umbilical cables,commonly leading to serious damage to risers and reduced service life.Vortex-induced vibration of the offshore risers could be effectively suppressed by fairing devices.In this paper,a newly developed vortex-induced vibration fairing and large eddy simulation model of the FLUENT software were used for numerical analysis,experimental research and stimulating vortex-induced vibration at 0.1–2 ms^-1.The data of the numerical model with fairing was compared and analyzed to study the vortex shedding frequency at different Reynolds numbers and changes in drag and lift coefficients.The displacement state of 12 in risers with and without fairing was experimentally tested using a five degree-of-freedom balance.The vortex-induced vibration effect of the fairing was tested at different velocities.The result shows the drag reduction effect of the fairing is more obvious when the flow velocity is 0.4–1.2 ms^-1 and the maximum drag reduction reaches 55.6%when the flow velocity is 0.6 ms^-1.Additionally,the drag reduction effect was obvious when the flow velocity was greater than 1.3 ms^-1 and less than 0.3.The result indicates that the developed 12 in fairing,with good potential in engineering applications,has good vortex-induced vibration-suppression effects.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR THE UNSTEADY NEARSHORE CIRCULATION DUE TO WAVE－CURRENT INTERACTION（II）──TWO－STEP EXPLICIT FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

In this paper, the two-step explicit finite element analysis for the numerical modelof the unsteady nearshore circulation proposed in Ref [ 1]and its realization of Fortranprogram are presented.A circulation has been clearly shown in the calculated wave-current velocity field,and it is in good agreement with observations

Solution of shallow-water equations using least-squares finite-element method

A least-squares finite-element method （LSFEM） for the non-conservative shallow-water equations is presented. The model is capable of handling complex topography, steady and unsteady flows, subcritical and supercritical flows, and flows with smooth and sharp gradient changes. Advantages of the model include： （1） sources terms, such as the bottom slope, surface stresses and bed frictions, can be treated easily without any special treatment; （2） upwind scheme is no needed; （3） a single approximating space can be used for all variables, and its choice of approximating space is not subject to the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezzi （LBB） condition; and （4） the resulting system of equations is symmetric and positive-definite （SPD） which can be solved efficiently with the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. The model is verified with flow over a bump, tide induced flow, and dam-break. Computed results are compared with analytic solutions or other numerical results, and show the model is conservative and accurate. The model is then used to simulate flow past a circular cylinder. Important flow charac-teristics, such as variation of water surface around the cylinder and vortex shedding behind the cylinder are investigated. Computed results compare well with experiment data and other numerical results.

连续放电下涡流效应对脉冲电感线圈温升的影响

脉冲电感线圈可产生脉冲强磁场,可应用于电磁发射、电磁成型、脉冲功率电源等多个领域。线圈通过脉冲大电流,在产生强磁场的同时,由于焦耳热温度会急剧升高,温度过高可能会使线圈发生结构损坏。考虑涡流效应单次放电时电流会集中在导体外表薄层,从而使得局部电阻和温升增高,连续放电时由于线圈存在散热过程,导线温度会重新分布,是否还需要考虑涡流效应对线圈温升的影响,目前没有相关分析。因此,本文针对连续放电下涡流效应对脉冲电感线圈温升的影响,建立了二维电感线圈电磁-热多物理场瞬态耦合传热模型。首先,计算了绝热条件下的导线温升,与理论公式所得导线温升进行对比,验证了仿真所建模型的准确性;然后分析了单次放电时考虑涡流效应与加载均匀电流时电感线圈电流密度以及温升的分布特点,对比了两种加载方式下线圈不同时刻的温升差异;最后对连续放电条件下两种加载方式的线圈温升进行了对比分析,结果表明:1 ms电流峰值时刻考虑涡流效应的线圈存在严重的集肤效应,导线外表面温升最高,20 ms时刻由于温度的累积效应以及导线热传递作用,导线各匝温度分布均匀,与加载均匀电流的导线温升一致;六次放电后,放电间隔分别为6 s与50 s时,考虑涡流比未考虑涡流的导线最高温度分别高0.94℃和0.44℃,误差分别为0.69%和0.34%,说明涡流效应在连续放电时对线圈温升影响较小。

MEDIUM-RANGE OSCILLATION OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS AT GREAT WALL STATION,ANTARCTICA

A method of multi-spectral analysis is used to study the spectral characteristics of surface and upper-level meteorological elements over the Great Wall Station (62°12'S, 58°57'W), Antarctica and their phasecorrelation, propagation of mean oscillation at 500hPa level in the Southern Hemisphere and their corresponding synoptic sense. the results are summed up as follows: 1. Over the sub-Antatctic zone, as in the Northern Hemisphere there generally exist quasi-weekly oscillation and quasi-biweekly oscillation. In different seasons the oscillations of meteorological elements are different: in winter season quasi-biweekly oscillation is dominant, while in summer season quasi-weekly oscillation is dominant. 2. From the Earth's surface to the lower stratosphere there is a distinct quasi-weekly oscillation at each isobaric surface, but the most intense oscillation appears at 200-300hPa, and the oscillations of height and temperature are propagated downward. 3. Both in winter and summer seasons the quasi-biweekly oscillation are propagated from west to east, and the mean velocity of its propagation is about 7-17 longtitude / day. 4. The quasi-biweekly oscillation and the quasi-weekly oscillation over the sub - Antarctic zone are closely related to the activity and intensity variation of polar vortex at 500hPa, while at 1000hPa they reflect an interaction between the circumpolar depression and the sub-tropical high. The quasi-biweekly oscillation may be a reflection of inherent oscillation of the polar vortex, where as the quasi-weekly oscillation is a result of forced oscillation by external disturbance.A large number of calculations and analysis made reveals the features of medium-range oscillation over the sub-Antarctic zone. The results are of significance for understanding the behaviour of synoptic dynamics and making the weather forecast.This work is supported by National Committee for Antarctic Research.

偏心摆振下圆簸箕中谷物分离的离散元模拟研究

为了揭示稻米和茎秆在圆簸箕中的分层机理,探究一种高效可靠的谷物振动分层方式,运用离散单元法,分析了水平偏心摆振下稻米-茎秆混合颗粒体系分离行为的细观机理,且对比圆簸箕在偏心及正心摆振下的谷物颗粒分离效果。结果表明:稻米和茎秆出现明显的斜坡状分层,茎秆堆积在稻米上方,同时稻米向容器远心端横向堆积;动能和运动趋势的差异是稻米和茎秆分离行为的主要原因,同时涡流卷流态的出现提升了分层效率。对比偏心摆振与正心摆振两种分离方法发现:容器几何中心的运动轨迹和颗粒的流态发生了明显变化,偏心摆振过程中轴心附近区域的茎秆发生横向迁移,所在区域的动能水平逐渐升高,解决了正心摆振轴心区域能量较低导致茎秆无法上升的问题。通过对谷物分离行为及新型振动方式的研究,可为农业颗粒分离工艺及设备发展提供新的思路。

风致涡激振动作用下随桥电缆的疲劳寿命分析

桥梁的风致涡激振动是影响随桥电缆疲劳寿命的因素之一,采用有限元法对随桥电缆在风致涡激振动作用下的疲劳寿命进行分析。首先,建立桥梁的二维瞬态流-固耦合数值模型,采用动网格和用户自定义函数(UDF)技术实现桥梁的瞬态振动位移响应求解;其次,将桥梁的单位振动位移作为边界条件施加在电缆上,获取电缆在单位振动位移作用下静力学应力求解结果;最后,通过求解的应力结果与一个周期的桥梁振动位移时程构建应力时间历程,并基于材料的S-N曲线和Miner线性累积损伤理论获取电缆的疲劳寿命。结果表明:在风致涡激振动作用下,作用在随桥电缆上的作用力近似为对称等幅循环载荷;电缆的疲劳损伤最大处出现在夹具固定附近的铝护套层上,寿命循环次数达3.3×10^(5)次,寿命约为206.25 h。该研究可为跨海电缆的安全可靠性设计和状态运行维护提供理论指导。

振动俘能的自供电无线传感器节点设计

振动俘能是实现无线传感器自供电的有效技术途径,但如何提高低频小幅振动下的电能转换与管理效率是一个难点,为此提出了电磁式振动俘能器和电能管理电路优化设计方法。首先,提出了一种双涡旋平面弹簧电磁式振动俘能器,并对其结构参数进行了有限元仿真分析与优化;然后,基于BQ25570芯片设计了一种电能管理电路,并针对无线传感器节点功耗需求对电路参数进行了优化;最后,设计了自供电无线温度传感器节点对振动俘能器及其电能管理电路进行实验测试。测试结果表明:在52 Hz和0.5 gn低频小幅振动激励下,振动俘能器最大开路电压为7.5 V,电能管理电路最大平均输出功率达到38 mW,工作频带为4 Hz左右,实现了无线温度传感器模块的自供电。

基于数字孪生技术的河流穿越涡激振动评估

介绍了一种先进的VIV(涡激振动)评估方法,这种方法通过构建管道数字孪生体,可以对一系列河流穿越场景进行模拟评估,包括传统分析方法难以解决的带配重块的管道穿越河流情况。为VIV提供了更好的管道响应预测,以支持完整性评估。此外,对于现有CFD(计算流体力学)分析方法和经验方程进行了进一步的补充和发展,通过数字孪生技术、FSI(双向流固耦合技术)样本应用案例研究,展示了该技术如何同时捕捉流体动力学和结构响应的耦合变化,从而同时考虑稳定和不稳定振动情况。这些结果说明新型的河流穿越VIV评价对管道的完整性过程管理具有一定贡献。

悬停旋翼的自由尾迹计算

在随桨叶旋转的坐标系中，建立了悬停旋翼自由尾迹计算的迭代方法和模型。文中以两种不同的模型旋翼为算例，对叶尖涡的轴向和径向位置进行了计算，并与已有的试验结果进行了对比，检验了模型的可靠性。运用上述自由尾迹模型，分别研究了不同叶尖马赫数、桨距角和桨叶片数时悬停尾迹形状的变化，表明了旋翼参数对自由尾迹形状的影响。最后，文末给出了一些结论。

流体动力学方程的三维旋涡解的可叠加性

给出了流体动力学方程的轴对称流动的一类精确解 ,讨论了一些例子并综述了目前已知的基本涡元精确解· 发现三维空间内的某些旋涡解可以叠加成仍然满足非线性方程的新的精确解· 由此可以用来分析旋涡的产生。

拖式吊舱螺旋桨定常性能理论计算

本文提出拖式吊舱螺旋桨 (螺旋桨位于吊舱首部 )定常水动力性能的势流理论计算方法。螺旋桨采用升力面理论涡格法、吊舱采用面元法分析计算 ,二者的相互干扰通过叠代计算来处理。考虑吊舱的影响 ,修改了尾涡模型。应用本方法 ,计算了拖式吊舱螺旋桨的定常性能 ,并与空泡水筒试验结果进行了比较 。

基于力元理论研究柱体涡激振动机理

涡激振动的研究对于预防海洋结构物的结构出现意外损伤或失效具有重要意义。为了研究涡激振动的深层力学机理,课题组引入诊断性力元理论,采用数值模拟方法对均匀来流雷诺数Re=200,折减速度1≤Ur≤16,质量比m^(*)=10,阻尼比ζ=0的二自由度圆柱绕流涡激振动问题展开了研究。力元理论的涡量力分析能够量化流场内所有具有非零涡量的流体单元对圆柱受力的贡献,研究结果显示:锁定区内的涡激振动的力的贡献与非锁定区不同,加速度力分量在锁定区对总力的贡献更大。

螺旋桨滑流影响的研究进展

螺旋桨滑流影响的研究和其他领域一样,有理论和实验两种方法。另外,随着计算机的发展,数值计算方法快速兴起。目前这三种方法已成为研究螺旋桨滑流的主要手段。分别介绍了研究螺旋桨滑流影响的三种方法,回顾了基于三种方法已经做过的主要研究工作,讨论了三种方法的优缺点、存在的问题、研究发展趋势,提出未来应展开的工作。

虚拟风场和风力机模拟系统的实验研究

在不具备风场环境或风力机的条件下,建立虚拟风场和风力机模拟系统,对风力发电系统的研究具有重要作用。根据风速变化规律,建立了基于谱密度分析的自回归理论的风速模型。在此风速模型基础上,考虑涡流效应,对叶片进行受力分析,根据叶素理论和权系数分配叶素的方法建立风轮转矩模型,利用转矩控制直流电动机模拟风力机,搭建了虚拟风场和风力机模拟系统实验平台。虚拟风场的建立为虚拟风力机暂态或连续性实验提供了良好的基础。风力机模拟系统实验不仅验证了风轮转矩模型的准确性,反映了风速变化时模拟输出风轮转矩的快速跟随性能,而且可用于变速恒频风力发电系统的研究,证明其控制策略的正确性。