INVESTIG ATIONS OF WAKE FLOWS OF A FLAT PLATE IN STEADY, OSCILLATORY AND COMBINED FLOWS

Numerical study on near wake flows of a flat plate in three kinds of oncoming flows is made by using the discrete vortex model and improved vorticity creation method. For steady oncoming flow, both gross and detailed features of the wake flow are calculated and discussed. Then, in harmonic oscillatory oncoming flow two different wake flow patterns with K_c=2,4 and 10 are obtained respectively. Our results present a new wake flow pattern for low K_c numbers (K_c<5) describing vortex shedding, pairing and moving in a period of the oscillatory flow starting from rest. The calculated drag and inertia force coefficients are closer to experimental data from the U-tube than the previous results of vortex simulation. For in-line combined oncoming flow the vortex lock-in and dynamic characteristics are simulated. The results are shown to be in good agreement with experiments.

Features of Flow Past Square Cylinder with a Perforated Plate

A numerical investigation was performed on the reduction of the fluid forces acting on the square cylinder in the laminar flow regime with a perforated plate. The effects of geometric parameters such as the distance between the square cylinder and the perforated plate on the wake of the square cylinder were discussed. Furthermore, the flow characteristics such as the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, Strouhal number and flow pattern were obtained. It can be concluded that the drag force of the square cylinder reduces to some extent due to the addition of the perforated plate. The flow structure varies when the perforated plate is located behind the square cylinder. Moreover, the recirculation zone augments with the increase of L/D, and the vortex trace on the upper and lower surface of the square cylinder moves gradually backwards until a stable recirculation zone formed between the square cylinder and the perforated plate.

Visualization of a Laminar Necklace Vortex System in Front of a Vertical Rectangular Plate on a Ground Wall

Various properties of a necklace vortex system formed around a rectangular plate standing vertically on a flat ground wall were investigated by visualizations produced by injecting fluorescent dye into a water channel flow. As a result, it was found that the necklace vortex pattern had three steady systems depending on the Reynolds number Reh, the relative height h/δ of the rectangular plate compared with the laminar boundary layer thickness and the aspect ratio w/h. As it is expected that the aspect ratio of the rectangular plate will typify the projected area configuration of various three-dimensional bodies, the aspect ratio is varied widely from 0.5 to 7.0. The transitional boundaries of Reh and h/δ in the 2-vortex, 4-vortex and 6-vortex systems for each aspect ratio decreased when w/h < 3.0, and increased when w/h ≥ 3.0 as w/h increased. The x-direction length of the main vortex position XV1/h was almost constant when w/h < 3.0, and decreased when w/h ≥ 3.0 as Reh increased. Then, the separation length r1/h increased when w/h < 3.0 and Reh < 1000, and became almost constant when w/h ≥ 3.0 and Reh ≥ 1000 as w/h and Reh increased. Moreover, the increase of r1/h is notably rapid when w/h < 3.0.

Unsteady Behavior of Necklace Vortex Produced by a Square Plate Protrusion

In this study, the unsteady behavior of necklace vortices formed in front of a square flat plate was experimentally investigated by flow visualization and PIV analysis by using a water channel. As a result, the necklace vortices started to oscillate when the Reynolds number increased beyond approximately 2000. Then, an amalgamation behavior of the necklace vortices took place when the Reynolds number increased beyond approximately 2650. Furthermore, in the same Reynolds number range, a breakaway behavior appeared when the relative height of the square plate was beyond approximately h/δ = 4.0. The features of the necklace vortices behaviors in the oscillation, amalgamation and breakaway states were explained by observing the time-series image of path lines and by analyzing the frequency of velocity fluctuation.

FLOW STRUCTURES AND FORCE CHARACTERISTICS FOR FLAT PLATE IN OSCILLATORY FLOWS WITH K_c NUMBER FROM 2 TO 40 AND IN COMBINED FLOWS

The evolution of wake structures and variation of the forces on a flat plate in harmonic oscillatory and in-line combined flows are obtained numerically by improved discrete vortex method. For the oscillatory oncoming flow cases, when K_c number varies from 2 to 40, the vortex pattern changes from a 'harmonic wave' shaped (in a range of small K_c numbers) to a slight inclined 'harmonic wave' shaped (in a range of moderate K_c numbers), then to inclined vortex clusters with an angle of 50 ° to the oncoming flow direction (at K_c = 20), at last, as K_c number becomes large, the vortex pattern is like a normal Karman vortex street. The well predicted drag and inertia force coefficients are obtained, which are more close to the results of Keulegan & Carpenter's experiment as compared with previous vortex simulation by other au- thors. The existence of minimum point of inertia force coefficient C_m near K_c = 20 is also well predicted and this phenomenon can be interpreted according to the vortex structure. For steady-oscillatory in-line combined flow cases, the vortex modes behave like a vortex street, exhibit a 'longitudinal wave' structure, and a vor- tex cluster shape corresponding to the ratios of U_m to U_0 which are of O (10^(-1)), O(1)and O (10), respectively. The effect on the prediction of forces on the flat plate from the disturbance component in a combined flow has been demon- strated qualitatively. In addition to this, the lock-in phenomenon of vortex shedding has been checked.

旋流沉砂池除砂特性分析及优化

为研究旋流沉砂池的流动特性,提升其除砂效率,以某污水泵站初步设置的旋流沉砂池为研究对象,基于数值模拟方法,采用RSM模型和DPM模型分析了旋流沉砂池的流动特性和除砂效率,针对其存在的不足提出了增加导流板的结构优化方案,并对不同长度导流板方案进行了对比分析。结果表明:在壁面阻挡和搅拌桨叶片旋转产生的水平环流和立面环流作用下,水流在旋流沉砂池内呈现螺旋形;水流在沿进水渠道进入池体时,对池体内的旋转水流产生冲击,流速较大的进流在压差作用下向池心偏移,容易将靠近池心的砂粒重新卷走,影响旋流沉砂池的除砂效果;在进水渠道末端增设导流板能够有效减小进流对沉砂池内旋转水流的冲击,并使撞击到导流板的水流向下折回到池底,从而提高除砂效率;3种导流板方案中导流板长度为2000 mm的方案除砂效果较优,相较于初始方案,对0.10、0.15、0.20 mm粒径砂粒的除砂效率分别提升了7%、11%、2%。

分流板对圆柱绕流湍流结构演化影响的实验研究

采用粒子图像测速(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)技术实验研究了带分流板的圆柱绕流流动特性,分析了分流板对圆柱绕流湍流结构演化特性的影响。雷诺数为3.9×10^(3),分流板长度L与圆柱直径D之比L/D为0~2.50。实验结果表明,随着L/D从0增大至1.00,圆柱后方回流区长度和回流区面积显著增大;当L/D>1.00时,L/D对圆柱后方回流特性的影响较小。分流板影响圆柱绕流湍流结构的演化特性:当L/D<1.00时,分流板抑制尾涡脱落,斯特劳哈尔数Sr减小,L/D从0增大至1.00,Sr减小了26.34%。此外,圆柱尾涡在分流板后缘诱导形成旋转方向相反的二次涡,二次涡沿分流板向上游运动。1.00≤L/D<2.00时,分流板作用于圆柱尾涡,尾涡发生破碎,形成一些小尺度尾涡。L/D≥2.00时,尾涡附着于分流板上,二次涡主要分布于圆柱后方。随着L/D增大,分流板减小了圆柱后方的湍流脉动强度。

基于3D空间点云模型的轴向柱塞泵配流盘过流面积计算方法

在轴向柱塞泵的工作过程中,通过配流盘进行高低压的循环切换,而配流盘的过流面积是影响柱塞泵内部压力平稳过渡的重要参数。为了完成对配流结构过流面积的求解计算,提出了一种基于多维流场点云的过流面积计算方法。首先,对配流盘流场的点云化过程进行了理论分析,得到了点云化处理的实施方法;然后,对配流盘三维流域模型进行了系列修正,提出了缓冲槽连通阶段模型的修正方法,提高了过流面积计算的准确性;最后,对不同配流阶段的过流面积进行了计算,并与理论测量所得结果以及采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟方法所得的结果,分别进行了对比。计算结果表明:基于多维流场点云的过流面积识别算法求得的过流面积峰值大小为174.5 mm 2,而理论测量值的大小为177.5 mm 2;二者的相对误差率大约为1.7%;而与基于CFD方法所得结果的整体相对误差率,大约在5%以内。研究结果表明:采用该方法,能够直接且较精准地完成对配流盘过流面积的求解与计算,有效地简化了过流面积变换趋势的求解过程。

搭载给水管的宽幅流线型钢箱梁涡振性能及抑振措施研究

为研究给水管不同设置位置对宽幅流线型钢箱梁的涡振性能影响及涡振抑制措施,以某大跨度扁平钢箱梁斜拉桥为研究对象,制作缩尺比为1:50的钢箱梁刚性节段模型进行风洞试验和数值模拟计算。首先对比分析了风攻角为0°、±3°时,给水管设置在主梁风嘴内(Ⅰ型)和设置在桥面上(Ⅱ型)两种不同断面形式的主梁涡振特性;并采用数值模拟探究了给水管对主梁涡振性能影响的作用机理。其次,研究了结构阻尼比对Ⅰ型断面主梁涡振性能的影响;最后,通过试验测试了栏杆透风率、栏杆抑流板等气动措施对Ⅰ型断面主梁涡振性能的影响。试验结果表明:给水管是涡振敏感构件,对于Ⅰ型断面,风攻角为-3°时,主梁未出现涡振现象;风攻角为0°时,有小幅涡振响应;风攻角为+3°时,出现明显的涡振现象;Ⅱ型断面主梁无涡振现象发生。数值模拟结果显示,给水管放置在主梁外部可以有效降低上表面旋涡的尺寸,从而抑制涡振的产生。增大结构阻尼比可以有效抑制主梁的涡振;改变栏杆透风率抑振效果不明显;设置抑流板对抑振效果明显。

Numerical Wave Flume Study on Wave Motion Around Submerged Plates

Nonlinear interaction between surface waves and a submerged horizontal plate is investigated in the absorbed numerical wave flume developed based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The governing equations of the numerical model are the continuity equation and the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the k-ε turbulence equations. Incident waves are generated by an absorbing wave-maker that eliminates the waves reflected from structures. Results are obtained for a range of parameters, with consideration of the condition under which the reflection coefficient becomes maximal and the transmission coefficient minimal. Wave breaking over the plate, vortex shedding downwave, and pulsating flow below the plate are observed. Time-averaged hydrodynamic force reveals a negative drift force. All these characteristics provide a reference for construction of submerged plate breakwaters.

吸气式旋转爆轰发动机冷流掺混数值模拟研究

燃料的掺混均匀度是爆轰发动机起爆和爆轰波稳定传播的主要影响因素之一。为了探究不同燃烧室结构对吸气式旋转爆轰发动机内燃料与氧化剂掺混效果的影响,开展了爆轰发动机冷态流场三维数值模拟。采用密度基隐式格式求解三维N-S方程,以小孔进行燃料喷注的吸气式旋转爆轰发动机为模型,保持空气/乙烯的来流条件不变,分析了燃烧室入口扩张方式、凹腔燃烧室结构以及阻塞比对冷态流场掺混效果的影响。研究结果表明:燃烧室入口扩张方式的不同会影响超声速气流进入燃烧室形成的反射波结构,从而改变回流涡的位置,影响空气/乙烯的掺混效果;在燃烧室内壁面增加凹腔后,燃烧室头部的凹腔区域形成的低速回流区会卷吸流经的气体,可明显改善双侧扩张和内侧扩张型燃烧室的掺混效果;增加阻塞比,空气主流速度降低,凹腔内回流涡影响区域增大,空气与乙烯在燃烧室内掺混位置前移,掺混效果提升。

促淤板水流特性数值分析

在航道整治和河道治理工程中,常使用促淤结构来促进泥沙淤积、保护洲滩。结合导板结构与透水结构的特点,提出一种新型促淤护滩结构——开孔促淤板。为进一步分析开孔促淤板的促淤拦沙效果,基于RNG k-紊流模型建立了三维开孔促淤板水流数值模型,并通过物理模型试验对数值模型进行验证。计算分析了流速、开孔率、相对单孔面积等因素对流速、减速率的影响,拟合得到最优开孔率与最佳单孔面积的预测经验公式。结果表明:相对单孔面积对板前流态影响较小,对板后的流速、流态及减速区的形成有影响;开孔率越大,板后减速效果越差,开孔率为30%时,近底区域减速效果最好;来流流速会影响开孔促淤板的减速效果,来流流速为0.2 m/s时减速效果最好。

风嘴对旋转振荡板旋涡脱落的控制

5∶1矩形柱体被认为是通用桥面几何形状的代表,其简化模型可以用来进行风振控制的研究。风嘴作为一种常用的流动控制装置,能起到减阻和增加矩形板气动稳定性的效果,但控制装置对强迫振荡柱体的控制机理仍缺乏研究。研究者通过对节段模型施加强迫振动,在实验模型前部施加边缘型对称型风嘴,研究控制装置对矩形板尾流旋涡脱落的影响。通过流动显示结果,总结了施加风嘴后的四种旋涡脱落模式。并通过快速傅里叶变化频域分析法,得到实验模型后缘X/D=10处的速度功率谱。施加风嘴控制能增大旋涡脱落频率,并抑制尾流旋涡脱落的能量。而数值模拟得到的不同实验工况下的升力均方根和力矩均方根显著减小,最大降幅分别为52%和23%,表明矩形板气动稳定性的提升和尾流不稳定性的减弱。

基于多目标遗传算法的新型三通管形优化设计方法

传统T形三通管的流体动力学仿真表明,在管形分支处会产生强烈的涡流区和二次流现象,并产生了较大压力损失。论文提出了一种新型三通管形,将直角支管部分设计成两段弯曲的形式,以优化区域的长度以及两段弯曲管路的半径为设计变量,以最小化二次流和压力损失为目标,采用多目标遗传算法,对新型三通管的结构参数进行了优化设计。优化后的新型三通管比传统T形三通管二次流减小了76.98%,压力损失减小了13.05%。为分支管路的设计提供了参考。

Efficient suction control of unsteadiness of turbulent wing-plate junction flows

A wing-body junction flow of a navigating underwater vehicle is considered to be a crucial source of the flow radiating acoustic noise, which attracts much research interest. In this paper, wing-plate junction flows are experimentally investigated in a low-speed wind tunnel by smoke-wire flow visualizations and time-resolved PIV measurements. To reveal the physical behavior of such flows, smoke-wire flow visualizations are conducted for a laminar wing-plate junction. A novel control strategy is proposed, to accurately locate the suction openings where the streamline is about to roll up to form a vortex in the turbulent junction flows. The control effect is discussed in perspectives of both the time-averaged and instantaneous flow fields.

NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FLOW AROUND TWO PLATES HAVING ASYMMETRIC BEVELED TRAILING EDGE

The flow around two plates having asymmetric beveled trailing edge placed side-by-side in a uniform stream were investigated both numerically and experimentally. Two plates with spacing ratio of 1.0 and beveled trailing edge of angle 20° were tested at Reynolds numbers equal to 3.97×10^4. The numerical simulation results displayed that the flow separates on one plate beveled trailing edge surface. The vortex formation and shedding from this plate led to deflecting the flow toward the other plate and consequently the wake behind the plates showed an asymmetric development. The photographs obtained from the flow visualization confirmed the numerical results concerning the flow separation and vortex formation. It was also found that the computed pressure distribution on the two plate surfaces was different, particularly on the beveled trailing edge surfaces and on the fiat sides.

波纹通道板间距对通道内流动与换热影响的数值研究

应用数值模拟方法,分析了流体在不同板间距的正弦型波纹通道内,周期性充分发展的稳态层流流动与换热的特性;探讨了板间距对流动与换热的影响,并对其综合性能进行评估。结果表明:在Re相同的条件下,通道内所形成旋涡的尺寸随相对间距λ/H (波长/间距)的减小而增大。

大跨度悬索桥钢箱主梁涡振性能优化风洞试验研究

以某大跨度钢箱梁悬索桥为工程背景,该桥桥面高速公路与人行道并存,桥面栏杆较多,且设置了防抛网,主梁竖向及扭转涡振明显。通过节段模型风洞试验研究了检修车轨道位置、桥面栏杆、分流板以及攻角和阻尼等对主梁涡激振动性能的影响,提出了优化主梁涡振的气动措施。试验结果表明,优化检修车轨道位置和在主梁风嘴处设置分流板能有效地抑制主梁涡振。

基于流场控制的导向叶片式旋风管开缝面积比的优化设计

通过试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了分流型芯管开缝面积比对导向叶片式旋风管内流场及性能的影响关系。研究发现,随着开缝面积比的增加,经芯管侧缝流走的气量Q1逐渐增加,但当开缝面积比大于2.9时,Q1呈现饱和状态;开缝面积比大于1.94时,短路流量保持在总进口流量的5%以下;分离空间内切向速度、轴向速度及向心径向速度随开缝面积比的增加而减小;旋风管内能耗随着开缝面积比的增加而减小。另外,内旋流区及排气管内的能耗受芯管开缝面积比的影响较大;芯管开缝面积比的最优范围为1.94-2.9。实验结果表明：入口流量为2380m3·s^-1,入口颗粒浓度为1g·m^-1的滑石粉,开缝面积比为2.42时,分流型芯管提高分离效率3%;入口为单相常温空气时,分流型芯管减低阻力系数近73%。

柱塞泵球面配流盘阻尼槽对流量脉动性的影响

对斜盘式轴向柱塞泵中球面配流盘上的三种典型阻尼槽过流面积进行数值解析,提出一种过流面积解析方法,并将计算结果与流场仿真所得的等效过流面积进行对比,再利用已获得的过流面积得出柱塞泵的流量脉动曲线。结果表明:该球面配流盘阻尼槽过流面积计算方法物理意义明确,计算精度高;不同的阻尼槽过流面积对柱塞泵出口的流量脉动率有很大影响。