Visualization of a Laminar Necklace Vortex System in Front of a Vertical Rectangular Plate on a Ground Wall

Various properties of a necklace vortex system formed around a rectangular plate standing vertically on a flat ground wall were investigated by visualizations produced by injecting fluorescent dye into a water channel flow. As a result, it was found that the necklace vortex pattern had three steady systems depending on the Reynolds number Reh, the relative height h/δ of the rectangular plate compared with the laminar boundary layer thickness and the aspect ratio w/h. As it is expected that the aspect ratio of the rectangular plate will typify the projected area configuration of various three-dimensional bodies, the aspect ratio is varied widely from 0.5 to 7.0. The transitional boundaries of Reh and h/δ in the 2-vortex, 4-vortex and 6-vortex systems for each aspect ratio decreased when w/h < 3.0, and increased when w/h ≥ 3.0 as w/h increased. The x-direction length of the main vortex position XV1/h was almost constant when w/h < 3.0, and decreased when w/h ≥ 3.0 as Reh increased. Then, the separation length r1/h increased when w/h < 3.0 and Reh < 1000, and became almost constant when w/h ≥ 3.0 and Reh ≥ 1000 as w/h and Reh increased. Moreover, the increase of r1/h is notably rapid when w/h < 3.0.

Unsteady Behavior of Necklace Vortex Produced by a Square Plate Protrusion

In this study, the unsteady behavior of necklace vortices formed in front of a square flat plate was experimentally investigated by flow visualization and PIV analysis by using a water channel. As a result, the necklace vortices started to oscillate when the Reynolds number increased beyond approximately 2000. Then, an amalgamation behavior of the necklace vortices took place when the Reynolds number increased beyond approximately 2650. Furthermore, in the same Reynolds number range, a breakaway behavior appeared when the relative height of the square plate was beyond approximately h/δ = 4.0. The features of the necklace vortices behaviors in the oscillation, amalgamation and breakaway states were explained by observing the time-series image of path lines and by analyzing the frequency of velocity fluctuation.

Control of Vortex Shedding and Drag Reduction through Dual Splitter Plates Attached to a Square Cylinder

In this paper we have made a numerical study on the control of vortex shedding and drag reduction of a cylinder by attaching thin splitter plates. The wake structure of the cylinder of square cross-section with attached splitter plates is analyzed for a range of Reynolds number, based on the incident stream and height of the cylinder, in the laminar range. The Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow are solved by the control volume method over a staggered grid arrangement. We have used the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation （SIMPLE） algorithm for computation. Our results show that the presence of a splitter plate upstream of the cylinder reduces the drag, but it has a small impact on the vortex shedding frequency when the plate length is beyond 1.5 time the height of the cylinder. The presence of a downstream splitter plate dampens the vortex shedding frequency. The entrainment of fluid into the inner side of the separated shear layers is obstructed by the downstream splitter plate. Our results suggest that by attaching in-line splitter plates both upstream and downstream of the cylinder, the vortex shedding can be suppressed, as well as a reduction in drag be obtained. We made a parametric study to determine the optimal length of these splitter plates so as to achieve low drag and low vortex shedding frequency.

Performance analysis of single-focus phase singularity based on elliptical reflective annulus quadrangle-element coded spiral zone plates

Optical vortices generated by the conventional vortex lens are usually disturbed by the undesired higher-order foci,which may lead to additional artifacts and thus degrade the contrast sensitivity. In this work, we propose an efficient methodology to combine the merit of elliptical reflective zone plates(ERZPs) and the advantage of spiral zone plates(SZPs) in establishing a specific single optical element, termed elliptical reflective annulus quadrangle-element coded spiral zone plates(ERAQSZPs) to generate single-focus phase singularity. Differing from the abrupt reflectance of the ERZPs, a series of randomly distributed nanometer apertures are adopted to realize the sinusoidal reflectance. Typically, according to our physical design, the ERAQSZPs are fabricated on a bulk substrate;therefore, the new idea can significantly reduce the difficulty in the fabrication process. Based on the Kirchhoff diffraction theory and convolution theorem, the focusing performance of ERAQSZPs is calculated. The results reveal that apart from the capability of generating optical vortices,ERAQSZPs can also integrate the function of focusing, energy selection, higher-order foci elimination, as well as high spectral resolution together. In addition, the focusing properties can be further improved by appropriately adjusting the parameters, such as zone number and the size of the consisted primitives. These findings are expected to direct a new direction toward improving the performance of optical capture, x-ray fluorescence spectra, and forbidden transition.

Improving millimeter-wave imaging quality using the vortex phase method

This paper investigates a new vortex wave imaging approach to improve the imaging quality of small metal targets of size less than 1.5 mm.Antennas with different spiral phase plates are designed to efficiently transmit vortex beams with orbital angular momentums(OAMs).By analyzing the OAM spectrum of the target,it was discovered that the predominant reflection contains a particular OAM mode that carries abundant azimuthal information.This can be explained by the OAM selectivity of the target and the guidance of the vortex transmitting beam.A simple reflection vortex imaging system was designed to capture the phase information.Measurement results show that the high image contrast reaches 14.9%,which is twice as high as that of the imaging without OAM.Both of simulations and experiments demonstrate that the vortex phase imaging approach proposed in this paper can effectively improve the imaging quality at 80 GHz.This approach is suitable for other millimeter wave imaging systems and is helpful to improve the resolution in anti-terrorism security checks.

Dynamic performance and wake structure of flapping plates with different shapes

The dynamic performance and wake structure of flapping plates with different shapes were studied using multi-block lattice Boltzman and immersed boundary method.Two typical regimes relevant to thrust behavior are identified.One is nonlinear relation between the thrust and the area moment of plate for lower area moment region and the other is linear relation for larger area moment region.The tendency of the power variation with the area moment is reasonably similar to the thrust behavior and the efficiency decreases gradually as the area moment increases.As the mechanism of the dynamic properties is associated with the evolution of vortical structures around the plate,the formation and evolution of vortical structures are investigated and the effects of the plate shape,plate area,Strouhal number and Reynolds number on the vortical structures are analyzed.The results obtained in this study provide physical insight into the understanding of the mechanisms relevant to flapping locomotion.

Numerical Wave Flume Study on Wave Motion Around Submerged Plates

Nonlinear interaction between surface waves and a submerged horizontal plate is investigated in the absorbed numerical wave flume developed based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The governing equations of the numerical model are the continuity equation and the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the k-ε turbulence equations. Incident waves are generated by an absorbing wave-maker that eliminates the waves reflected from structures. Results are obtained for a range of parameters, with consideration of the condition under which the reflection coefficient becomes maximal and the transmission coefficient minimal. Wave breaking over the plate, vortex shedding downwave, and pulsating flow below the plate are observed. Time-averaged hydrodynamic force reveals a negative drift force. All these characteristics provide a reference for construction of submerged plate breakwaters.

Dielectric metasurface zone plate for the generation of focusing vortex beams

Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum have important applications in high dimensional optical information processing,manipulations of tiny particles,super-resolution imaging and so on.Among various optical components,metasurface represents an ideal platform for realizing vortex beams with multiple optical functionalities due to its strong ability in manipulating the phase,polarization and amplitude of light.A metasurface combing the functions of a lens and a vortex beam generator can greatly shrink the size of many optical systems.Here,we alternatively propose a new metasurface design based on the concept of a Fresnel zone plate to generate,focus the vortex beams,and perform on-axis interference between different vortex beams.These functions are experimentally demonstrated through encoding the spiral phase profiles into the odd and even zones of a dielectric metasurface.The proposed vortex beam generation strategy employs the advantages of both the Fresnel zone plate and the metasurface,and may open new routes for high-dimensional optical information processing.

FLOW STRUCTURES AND FORCE CHARACTERISTICS FOR FLAT PLATE IN OSCILLATORY FLOWS WITH K_c NUMBER FROM 2 TO 40 AND IN COMBINED FLOWS

The evolution of wake structures and variation of the forces on a flat plate in harmonic oscillatory and in-line combined flows are obtained numerically by improved discrete vortex method. For the oscillatory oncoming flow cases, when K_c number varies from 2 to 40, the vortex pattern changes from a 'harmonic wave' shaped (in a range of small K_c numbers) to a slight inclined 'harmonic wave' shaped (in a range of moderate K_c numbers), then to inclined vortex clusters with an angle of 50 ° to the oncoming flow direction (at K_c = 20), at last, as K_c number becomes large, the vortex pattern is like a normal Karman vortex street. The well predicted drag and inertia force coefficients are obtained, which are more close to the results of Keulegan & Carpenter's experiment as compared with previous vortex simulation by other au- thors. The existence of minimum point of inertia force coefficient C_m near K_c = 20 is also well predicted and this phenomenon can be interpreted according to the vortex structure. For steady-oscillatory in-line combined flow cases, the vortex modes behave like a vortex street, exhibit a 'longitudinal wave' structure, and a vor- tex cluster shape corresponding to the ratios of U_m to U_0 which are of O (10^(-1)), O(1)and O (10), respectively. The effect on the prediction of forces on the flat plate from the disturbance component in a combined flow has been demon- strated qualitatively. In addition to this, the lock-in phenomenon of vortex shedding has been checked.

INVESTIG ATIONS OF WAKE FLOWS OF A FLAT PLATE IN STEADY, OSCILLATORY AND COMBINED FLOWS

Numerical study on near wake flows of a flat plate in three kinds of oncoming flows is made by using the discrete vortex model and improved vorticity creation method. For steady oncoming flow, both gross and detailed features of the wake flow are calculated and discussed. Then, in harmonic oscillatory oncoming flow two different wake flow patterns with K_c=2,4 and 10 are obtained respectively. Our results present a new wake flow pattern for low K_c numbers (K_c<5) describing vortex shedding, pairing and moving in a period of the oscillatory flow starting from rest. The calculated drag and inertia force coefficients are closer to experimental data from the U-tube than the previous results of vortex simulation. For in-line combined oncoming flow the vortex lock-in and dynamic characteristics are simulated. The results are shown to be in good agreement with experiments.

Features of Flow Past Square Cylinder with a Perforated Plate

A numerical investigation was performed on the reduction of the fluid forces acting on the square cylinder in the laminar flow regime with a perforated plate. The effects of geometric parameters such as the distance between the square cylinder and the perforated plate on the wake of the square cylinder were discussed. Furthermore, the flow characteristics such as the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, Strouhal number and flow pattern were obtained. It can be concluded that the drag force of the square cylinder reduces to some extent due to the addition of the perforated plate. The flow structure varies when the perforated plate is located behind the square cylinder. Moreover, the recirculation zone augments with the increase of L/D, and the vortex trace on the upper and lower surface of the square cylinder moves gradually backwards until a stable recirculation zone formed between the square cylinder and the perforated plate.

Drag Coefficient of a Non-Convex Polygonal Plate during Free Fall

Waterside creatures or aquatic organisms use a fin or web to generate a thrust force. These fins or webs have a non-convex section, referred to as a non-convex shape. We investigate the drag force acting on a non-convex plate during unsteady motion. We perform the experiment in a water tank during free fall. We fabricate the non-convex plate by cutting isosceles triangles from the side of a convex hexagonal plate. The base angle of the triangle is between 0° to 45°. The base angle is 0 indicates the convex hexagonal thin plate. We estimate the drag coefficient with the force balance acting on the model based on the image analysis technique. The results indicate that increasing the base angle by more than 30° increased the drag coefficient. The drag coefficient during unsteady motion changed with the growth of the vortex behind the model. The vortex has small vortices in the shear layer, which is related to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities.

旋流沉砂池除砂特性分析及优化

为研究旋流沉砂池的流动特性,提升其除砂效率,以某污水泵站初步设置的旋流沉砂池为研究对象,基于数值模拟方法,采用RSM模型和DPM模型分析了旋流沉砂池的流动特性和除砂效率,针对其存在的不足提出了增加导流板的结构优化方案,并对不同长度导流板方案进行了对比分析。结果表明:在壁面阻挡和搅拌桨叶片旋转产生的水平环流和立面环流作用下,水流在旋流沉砂池内呈现螺旋形;水流在沿进水渠道进入池体时,对池体内的旋转水流产生冲击,流速较大的进流在压差作用下向池心偏移,容易将靠近池心的砂粒重新卷走,影响旋流沉砂池的除砂效果;在进水渠道末端增设导流板能够有效减小进流对沉砂池内旋转水流的冲击,并使撞击到导流板的水流向下折回到池底,从而提高除砂效率;3种导流板方案中导流板长度为2000 mm的方案除砂效果较优,相较于初始方案,对0.10、0.15、0.20 mm粒径砂粒的除砂效率分别提升了7%、11%、2%。

隔板构型对超声速混合层流动及混合特性的影响研究

为进一步揭示超声速来流下混合层流场演化过程物理机制,采用高精度计算方法对超声速来流下混合层流动及生长特性开展数值研究。首先,采用经典算例深入验证了本文所发展计算程序在复杂流场预示方面的精度和可靠性。然后,对四种不同构型隔板下混合层流动及生长机制进行了深入分析。研究结果发现,在典型隔板构型中引入凹腔、楔形角及凸台结构后,整体流场结构变得更为复杂,且诱发了更为剧烈的混合层的涡卷起、配对、合并、旋转等流体物理现象。在典型隔板工况中混合层出现了再层流化现象,而引入凹腔、楔形角及凸台结构后能够有效抑制混合层出现再层流化现象。此外,所有隔板构型工况下湍流转捩区雷诺应力均出现了“多峰值”现象,但典型隔板工况的混合层附近的湍动能明显小于其余工况,同时,典型隔板工况的雷诺应力峰值与分布范围明显小于其余工况。就本文研究工况而言,在出口处楔形角隔板工况的混合效率最高,为0.050;同时其混合层厚度也最大,达到27.9 mm;但楔形角隔板工况的总压损失也最大,为0.22。

涡旋盘非标自动化装配设备研发

空调压缩机中的涡旋盘正背面需要装配销钉和阀片。目前该道工序主要是由人工完成,劳动强度大,效率低,次品率高。针对这种现状,根据涡旋盘装配的特点,设计了一套涡旋盘自动装配装置,详细介绍了总体设计方案、结构布局、机械结构、电气结构和控制系统。设备主要分为涡旋盘上料工站、定位销自动压装工站和阀板自动安装与气密性检测工站,电气控制部分采用三菱IQ-F系列80点的PLC,外加128点的扩展IO以及4路模拟量输入,方便以后PLC并入MES系统,并且该系列具有较好的FB功能,可以将一些通用的控制方式写入FB,方便今后类似的设备直接调用调试好的程序,避免重写带来的不必要麻烦,考虑到有3个伺服电机,方便伺服与PLC通讯,减少焊线带来的不必要的问题,采用三菱JET系列的伺服,与PLC进行CC-LINK IE TSN组态,使用绝对值系统,即使断电后,伺服放大器依旧能识别电机的位置。经实践该套装置大大提高了生产效率、提高了产品质量、降低了人工成本。

分体箱梁中央隔涡板涡激振动抑制机理研究

借助风洞试验和计算流体力学对分体钢箱梁的涡激振动性能及中央隔涡板的抑振效果与机理开展研究,对比不同形式(水平隔涡板、一道竖向隔涡板、两道竖向隔涡板)和尺寸中央隔涡板的抑振效果,并根据流迹与速度云图对不同形式中央隔涡板的抑振机理进行分析。结果表明:开槽顶部水平隔涡板能够阻碍开槽处的气体对流,降低开槽内部及断面周围气流速度,增加旋涡移动和脱落难度,从而在一定程度上抑制涡激振动,抑振效果随隔涡板宽度增大而增加;开槽内部竖向隔涡板能够将旋涡稳定在隔板分隔出的几个小区域内,避免产生稳定的旋涡脱落,进而有效抑制涡激振动,设置两道半高竖向隔涡板比设置一道全高竖向隔涡板效果更好,但需对两板间距进行优化。

分流板对圆柱绕流湍流结构演化影响的实验研究

采用粒子图像测速(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)技术实验研究了带分流板的圆柱绕流流动特性,分析了分流板对圆柱绕流湍流结构演化特性的影响。雷诺数为3.9×10^(3),分流板长度L与圆柱直径D之比L/D为0~2.50。实验结果表明,随着L/D从0增大至1.00,圆柱后方回流区长度和回流区面积显著增大;当L/D>1.00时,L/D对圆柱后方回流特性的影响较小。分流板影响圆柱绕流湍流结构的演化特性:当L/D<1.00时,分流板抑制尾涡脱落,斯特劳哈尔数Sr减小,L/D从0增大至1.00,Sr减小了26.34%。此外,圆柱尾涡在分流板后缘诱导形成旋转方向相反的二次涡,二次涡沿分流板向上游运动。1.00≤L/D<2.00时,分流板作用于圆柱尾涡,尾涡发生破碎,形成一些小尺度尾涡。L/D≥2.00时,尾涡附着于分流板上,二次涡主要分布于圆柱后方。随着L/D增大,分流板减小了圆柱后方的湍流脉动强度。

面向微光学元件表面形貌测量的涡旋相移数字全息技术

非接触、无损害的相移数字全息技术对微光学元件检测具有独特优势。因传统的相移数字全息技术需要对相移器进行精细控制和繁琐校准,同时其光路易受到机械振动干扰,导致全息再现像的质量降低。本文借助涡旋光特殊的相位分布,提出了一种基于涡旋相移数字全息的微光学元件表面形貌测量方法。该方法利用螺旋相位板调制涡旋相位,引入高精度相移。基于构建的涡旋相移数字全息显微实验装置,采用干涉极值法确定了相移干涉图之间的真实相移量,并对螺旋相位板的旋转角度与相移量的关系进行标定,实验验证了涡旋相移的可行性;对微透镜阵列进行了重复测量实验,将测试结果与ZYGO白光干涉仪的测试结果进行比较。结果表明:测量得到单个微透镜的平均纵向矢高为12.897μm,平均相对误差为0.155%。所提方法可以实现对被测微光学元件表面形貌的高精度测量,具有易操作、稳定可靠、准确性高等优点。

进水池吸气涡控制方法

以进水池模型为研究对象,探索有效的吸气涡控制方法,基于计算流体动力学(CFD)技术,分析消波板与幕墙2种方法对吸气涡的抑制效果,并重点研究关键几何参数的影响.采用开源CFD软件OpenFOAM进行数值模拟,基于三方程的Bifurcation湍流模型求解湍流场以及CLSVOF方法捕捉气液交界面,从吸气涡形态、涡量、流线和出口吸气率等多角度对计算结果进行处理和对比分析.研究结果表明:深度为0.25 D 1的幕墙可以有效抑制进水池吸气涡,且吸气率可降低一半;随着幕墙深度增大,吸气率上升;参考海洋工程领域提出的消波板仅能推迟吸气涡的出现与发展,但无法起到抑制作用;在消波板中心位置和长度不变的情况下,改变消波板宽度均对吸气涡无明显抑制效果.研究结果可为进水池及相关工程设施优化设计提供一定的借鉴和参考.

基于螺旋多孔屏的涡旋光产生及分析

将薄铝箔作为原材料,利用激光打标得到不同螺旋条数、螺旋孔数和初始半径的螺旋多孔衍射屏,利用平面波照射螺旋多孔屏.定量分析衍射图样中心亮环大小,得到不同图案参量对中心亮环大小的影响.结果表明:衍射屏的图案参量会影响产生的涡旋光束的特征,实验测量结果与模拟结果吻合度较高,利用本实验方法制备的涡旋光具有较高的质量.