NUMERICAL STUDY OF FLOW IN CONICAL DIFFUSER WITH VORTEX GENERATOR JETS

To develop vortex generator jet （VGJ） method for flow control, the turbulence flow in a 14° conical diffuser with and without vortex generator jets are simulated by solving Navier-Stokes equations with k-ε turbulence model. The diffuser performance, based on different velocity ratio （ratio of the jet speed to the mainstream velocity）, is investigated and compared with the experimental study. On the basis of the flow characteristics using computation fluid dynamics （CFD） method observed in the conical diffuser and the downstream development of the longitudinal vortices, attempt is made to correlate the pressure recovery coefficient with the behavior of vortices produced by vortex generator jets.

Design and Numerical Simulation of Low-Fiber Hollow Spindle in Air-Jet Vortex Spinning

Based on the mechanical system of free-end fibers and the analysis of pulling free-end fibers out of the spun yarn during spinning,a low-fiber hollow spindle is designed and the air distribution of fluent field is simulated numerically. The negative pressure effect is much bigger at the top of low-fiber hollow spindle than that in Murata No.861,which is more conducive for single fiber to get into the channel of hollow spindle. The tangential velocity in 0-3 mm at the top of hollow spindle increases and the fluctuation of radial velocity is much stronger,which enhance the wrapping effect. In the addition,the distribution of axial velocity remains the same.

Effects of Vortex Generator Jet on Corner Separation/Stall in High-Turning Compressor Cascade

The effects of the vortex generator jet(VGJ)attached at the endwall on the corner separation/stall control are investigated by numerical simulation in a high-turning linear compressor cascade. The results show that the corner separation could be reduced significantly, which results in a wider operation range as well as a more uniform exit flow angle and total pressure profile. At the near-stall operation point, the maximum relative reduction of the total pressure loss is up to 32.5%,, whereas the jet mass ratio is less than 0.4%,. Based on the analysis of the detailed flow structure, three principal effects of the VGJ on the endwall cross flow and corner separation are identified. One is to increase the tangential velocity component opposite to cross flow, thus inhibiting the endwall secondary flow near the jet exit. The second is to suppress the pitchwise extension of the passage vortex as an air fence. The third is to sweep the low energy fluids towards the mainstream on the up-washed side and to transport the mainstream fluids to the endwall to reenergize the boundary layer on the down-washed side.

Direct Numerical Simulation of a Jet Issuing from Rectangular Nozzle by the Vortex in Cell Method

Direct numerical simulation of a jet issuing from a nozzle having a rectangular cross-section is conducted. The vortex in cell (VIC) method, of which computational accuracy was heightened by the authors in a prior study, is used for the DNS. The aspect ratio of the nozzle cross-section is 15, and the Reynolds number based on the shorter side length of the nozzle exit is 6700. The turbulence statics, such as the mean velocity and the turbulence intensity, are favorably compared with the experimentally measured results. The behavior of the large-scale eddies as well as the development of the turbulent flow is also confirmed to agree with the measurement. These indicate that the authors’ VIC method is successfully employed for the DNS of rectangular jet.

Numerical Study of the Transition Between Reentrant Jet and Twin Vortex Flow Regimes in Ventilated Cavitation

Contrary to natural cavitation,ventilated cavitation is controllable and is not harmful.It is particularly used to reduce the drag of the hydraulic vehicles.The ventilated cavitation is characterized by various gas regimes.The mechanisms of ventilated cavitation are investigated in the present work with CFD based on a 2D solver.The attention is especially focused on the transition between the reentrant jet and twin vortex regimes.The results confirmthat the product of ventilated cavitation number and Froude number is lower than 1(σcFr<1)in the twin vortex regime,while it is higher than 1(σcFr>1)in the reentrant jet regime,as reported in the literature.Further analysis shows that ventilated cavitation is significantly influenced by the natural cavitation number.

岁星四纪——回望木星大气探测50年

木星是太阳系中最大的行星,也是自转速度最快的行星.作为一颗气态巨行星,木星没有海陆分布、复杂地形等因素的影响,是研究大气动力学的天然试验场.木星的大气成分、大气环流、内部结构特征等都具有重要的科学意义.1973年12月4日,先驱者10号飞掠木星,实现了人类第一次木星大气近距离探测.如今木星探测已经积累了50余年的经验,发射了10次木星任务:7次飞掠任务、伽利略号与朱诺号两次环绕任务、正在飞行途中的木星冰卫星探测任务.本文简要回顾了这10次探测任务及其取得的科学成果,重点关注木星的大气成分、波动和急流、大红斑、极地涡旋等方面取得的进展,并指出一些尚未解决的科学难题.我国计划于2030年左右发射天问四号,对木星系进行探测.回顾过去的木星探测任务,对于天问四号如何合理设计科学载荷、制定科学目标等具有一定的借鉴意义.

Vortex structures downstream a lobed nozzle/mixer

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the evolutions of unsteady vortex structures downstream a lobed mixer/nozzle.A novel dual-plane stereoscopic PIV system was used to measure all 3-components of vorticity distributions to revealed both the large-scale streamwise vortices produced by the lobed mixer/nozzle and the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex structures generated due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities simultaneously and quantitatively for the first time.The instantaneous and the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions displayed quite different aspects about the evolutions of the unsteady vortex structures.While the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions indicated the overall effect of the special geometry of the lobed nozzle/mixer on the enhanced mixing process,the instantaneous vorticity distributions elucidated many details about how the enhanced mixing process was conducted.In addition to quantitatively confirming conjectures of previous studies,further insight about the formation,evolution and interaction characteristics of the unsteady vortex structures downstream of the lobed mixer/nozzle were also uncovered quantitatively in the present study.

THEORY AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE SELF-EXCITED OSCILLATION PULSED JET NOZZLE

Comparing with usual continuous jet nozzle, the self-excited oscillationpulsed jet nozzle SEOPJN) can make jet generate a higher peak of pressure and larger scouringvolume. And it can make jet increase the effective standoff distance, too. The basic theories of theSEOPJN are introduced. Some experimental results are shown. According to the results, using tricornbits assembled the SEOPJN to drill oil well, the ROP increases by 8 percent approx 77 percent, andthe rates of the footage for tricorn bit increases by 6.7 percent approx 44.0 percent.

Numerical simulation of trajectory and deformation of bubble in tip vortex

According to the behaviors of a bubble in the ship wake flow, the numericai simulation is divided into two stages, quasi-spherical motion and non-spherical motion, based on whether the bubble is captured by the vortex or not. The one-way coupled particle tracking method （PTM） and the boundary element method （BEM） are adopted to simulate these two stages, respectively. Meanwhile, the initial condition of the second stage is taken as the output of the first one, and the entire simulation is connected and completed. Based on the numerical results and the published experimental data, the cavitation inception is studied, and the wake bubble is tracked. Besides, the split of the bubble captured by the vortex and the following sub-bubbles are simulated, including motion, deformation, and collapse. The results provide some insights into the control on wake bubbles and optimization of the wake flow.

A Study on the Dynamic Mechanism of the Formation of Mesoscale Vortex in Col Field

The mesoscale vortex associated with a mesoscale low-level jet （mLLJ） usually causes heavy rainfall in the col field. The col field is defined as a region between two highs and two lows, with the isobaric surface similar to a col. Using a two-dimensional shallow water model, the meso-β scale vortex couplets （MβVCs） induced by eight types of mesoscale wind perturbations in an ideal col field were numerically simulated. With the sizes of -100 km, the MβVCs induced by northerly perturbation （NP） and southerly perturbation （SP） moved toward the col point. The sizes of MβVCs induced by southwesterly perturbation （SWP）, southeasterly perturbation （SEP）, northwesterly perturbation （NWP）, and northeasterly perturbation （NEP） were relatively small for the perturbations moving toward dilatation axis. The MβVC induced by easterly perturbation （EP） and westerly perturbation （WP） could not develop because they quickly moved away from the col point, before the circulation could form. The size of the circulation was determined by the distance between the vortex and the col point. The closer to the col point the vortex was, the larger the size of vortex. The comparisons of maximum vorticity and vorticity root mean square error （RMSE） of the NP, the SWP, and the WP show that the maximum vorticity and the vorticity RMSE of the NP decreased slower than other perturbations. Therefore, the weak environment of the col field favors the maintenance of vorticity and the formation of vortex. When a mesoscale vortex forms near the col point or moves toward the col point, it may maintain a quasitationary state in the stable col field.

RESEARCH ON THE PARTICLE DISPERSION IN THE PARTICULATE TWO-PHASE ROUND JET

In this paper, the three_dimensional vo rtex filament method was used to simulate the evolution of vortex structures in the axisymmetric round jet. The results agree well with the ones given by Chung and Troutt. Then one_coupling model was employed to calculate the particle motio n based on the computed flows. The results show that the particle motion is affe cted by flows obviously at the case of particle number St1 and negligibly at St1 ,particles distribute around the vortex structures uniformly at St ～1 . When perturbations with wavenumber 5 are introduced to vortex rings, part icles disperse wider along radial direction, which conforms to the experimental results. The degree of particle dispersion is in the direct ratio to the amplitu de of perturbation. The conclusions given in the paper are useful to the practic e usage.

Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Nozzle Lip Thickness on the Flow Field and Performance of an Annular Jet Pump

The performance of an annular jet pump( AJP) is determined by its area ratio A( ratio of cross sectional area of throat and annular nozzle) and flow rate ratio q( ratio of primary and secondary flow rate,Qs/Qj),while the nozzle lip thickness is neglected in the present studies. This paper presents a study on the effect of the thickness on the flow field and performance of an AJP with A = 1. 75. With the increasing flow rate ratio and nozzle lip thickness,a small vortex forms at the nozzle lip and keeps on growing. However,as the flow rate ratio or nozzle lip thickness is extremely low,the vortex at the lip vanishes thoroughly. Moreover,the recirculation width varies conversely with the nozzle lip thickness when the flow rate ratio q ≤ 0. 13. While the deviation of the recirculation width with different nozzle lip thickness is negligible with q ≥ 0. 13. Additionally the existence of nozzle lip hinders the momentum exchange between the primary and secondary flow and leads to a mutation of velocity gradient near the nozzle exit,which shift the recirculation downstream. Finally,based on the numerical results of the streamwise and spanwise vortex distributions in the suction chamber, the characteristics of the mixing process and the main factors accounting for the AJP performance are clarified.

Use of a plane jet for flow-induced noise reduction of tandem rods

Unsteady wake from upstream components of landing gear impinging on downstream components could be a strong noise source.The use of a plane jet is proposed to reduce this flow-induced noise.Tandem rods with different gap widths were utilized as the test body.Both acoustic and aerodynamic tests were conducted in order to validate this technique.Acoustic test results proved that overall noise emission from tandem rods could be lowered and tonal noise could be removed with use of the plane jet.However,when the plane jet was turned on,in some frequency range it could be the subsequent main contributor instead of tandem rods to total noise emission whilst in some frequency range rods could still be the main contributor.Moreover,aerodynamic tests fundamentally studied explanations for the noise reduction.Specifically,not only impinging speed to rods but speed and turbulence level to the top edge of the rear rod could be diminished by the upstream plane jet.Consequently,the vortex shedding induced by the rear rod was reduced,which was confirmed by the speed,Reynolds stress as well as the velocity fluctuation spectral measured in its wake.This study confirmed the potential use of a plane jet towards landing gear noise reduction.

喷气涡流纺纱机及其关键技术的应用与研究进展

针对国内外纺纱企业在喷气涡流纺纱机的应用与相关技术的研发情况及其所存在的问题,综述了喷气涡流纺纱机及其关键技术的研究进展,介绍了喷气涡流纺纱机的历史发展及其纺纱系统关键技术,详细分析了喷气涡流纺纱机的导棉喂入、牵伸和输送机构,成纱器,纱线卷绕(横动)、卷装机构等零部件的特征与发展趋势。分析认为:喷气涡流纺纱技术的研究多集中在对现有规模化生产机器的喷气涡流成纱器的结构改进、工作机制探讨上,成果较多且较为成熟,但创新技术不突出;在构建新型成纱器的内部型腔结构和产生更理想的涡流形态上有望进一步突破,以提高喷气涡流纺纱的性能,满足多功能纱线的生产和扩大纺纱应用范围;同时科技进步也使更多智能控制系统的电子清纱器、异纤控制、短线诊断、可视化等技术在纺纱工序中有了应用和发展。

Jet Flapping Control with Acoustic Excitation

The dynamics of flapping motion of a rectangular jet under acoustic excitation is studied experimentally by means of hot-wire measurement and flow visualization with smoke method. The excitation sufficiently enables“phase-lock”, which permitted us to extract the organized wave motion from a background field of finite turbulent fluctuations. The mean and fluctuation velocity are investigated and focused on the excitation frequency and the Reynolds number. As the excitation frequency decreases, it was found that the jet flapping and the jet spread were enhanced. The excitation with sub-harmonic frequency has significant effects on the rectangular jet behavior. The maximum value of the periodic velocity fluctuation strongly depends on the excitation frequency.

华北局地大暴雨过程中多个β中尺度对流系统发生发展对比分析

利用常规地面高空观测、多普勒雷达、风廓线、VDRAS(Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System)和NCEP再分析资料,对2018年8月5—6日副热带高压(以下简称副高)控制下华北一次局地大暴雨过程中多个β中尺度对流系统触发和发展机制进行了分析。结果表明:这次大暴雨发生在副高控制下,处于高温、高湿气团中,大气层结极不稳定。暴雨由多个相继发展的中尺度对流系统造成,分别是太行山迎风坡上西南—东北向、华北平原地区保定一带南北向、保定至霸州附近西南—东北向和以雄安新区为中心东西向原地生消的准静止MCS-Ⅰ、MCS-Ⅱ、MCS-Ⅲ和MCS-Ⅳ,均属于β中尺度。在相似的环境中,不同中尺度对流系统触发机制有较大差异,太行山迎风坡上的MCS-Ⅰ是由近地层偏东暖湿气流在迎风坡与山风形成的辐合抬升触发;由辐射差异和前期强降水形成的局地冷池受MCS-Ⅰ影响再次加强后,其出流与环境风形成的两条地面辐合线分别触发了MCS-Ⅱ和MCS-Ⅲ,并组织对流沿辐合线呈带状发展;而超低空偏东风增强叠加冷池出流在地形抬升作用下促使沿山暖湿气团进一步抬升,使得原本消亡的MCS-Ⅰ再次重建。MCS-Ⅳ发展最旺盛、持续时间最长,是大暴雨中心的直接制造者,一方面MCS-Ⅱ与MCS-Ⅲ、MCS-Ⅰ与MCS-Ⅳ的两次合并过程,是MCS-Ⅳ增强、持久的重要原因;另一方面边界层偏东风急流为MCS-Ⅳ的发展提供了水汽和不稳定能量等有利条件,同时推动其左前方中尺度涡旋的发展,导致MCS-Ⅳ所在地的气旋性涡度大大增加,加强了以急流轴为中心的垂直次级环流发展,造成MCS-Ⅳ的发展维持,形成华北平原地区以雄安新区为中心的东西向大暴雨带。

Supersonic boundary layer transition induced by self-sustaining dual jets

To promote high-speed boundary layer transition,this paper proposes an active self-sustaining dual jets(SDJ)actuator utilizing the energy of supersonic mainflow.Employing the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering(NPLS),supersonic flat-plate boundary layer transition induced by SDJ is experimentally investigated in an Ma-2.95 low-turbulence wind tunnel.Streamwise and spanwise NPLS images are obtained to analyze fine flow structures of the whole transition process.The results reveal the transition control mechanisms that on the one hand,the jet-induced shear layer produces unstable Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities in the wake flow,on the other hand,the jets also generates an adverse pressure gradient in the boundary layer and induce unstable streak structures,which gradually break down into turbulence downstream.The paper provides a new method for transition control of high-speed boundary layer,and have prospect both in theory and engineering application.

喷气涡流纺纱机的发展现状及趋势

为了进一步推进喷气涡流纺纱机的发展,分析了喷气涡流纺纱机在全球的存量分布情况、近8年国内累计进口量及主要省份等市场情况,回顾了喷气涡流纺纱机的国内外技术发展历程,阐述了喷气涡流纺纱技术的创新应用,介绍了相关政策支持,并提出了喷气涡流纺纱机的发展思路。认为:我国喷气涡流纺纱机存量具有全球优势地位,正处于产业快速发展期,市场空间广阔,未来随着各种新工艺新技术层出不穷,在开发喷气涡流纺花式纱、包芯纱、细号纱以及差异化原料应用的优势将不断凸显,但国内急需开发拥有自主知识产权的喷气涡流纺纱机,突破关键技术装备和工艺,促使喷气涡流纺纱机在我国稳步健康发展。

Numerical Investigation on a Dual-jet Consisting of a Plane Wall Jet and a Parallel Offset Jet at Low-Reynolds Number

A dual-jet consisting of a wall jet and an offset jet has been numerically simulated using lattice Boltzmann method to examine the effects of jet spacing between two jet centerlines,defined as s.The Reynolds number based on jet-exit-width dis set to be Re = 56 and the jet spacing is set to be less than or equal 10 times the jet-exitwidth.Computational results reveal that the flow field displays periodic vortex shedding when the jet spacing is in the range of 9≤s/d ≤ 10,while it remains steady with two counter-rotating vortices in the converging region when s/d ≤ 8.When s/d = 9,the power spectral analyses indicate that the vortex shedding phenomenon has specific frequency.The significant oscillation stresses induced by the periodic components of velocities are found to mainly exist in the inner shear layer regions,implying stronger momentum transfer occuring in these regions.

超声速喷流激波噪声基础问题数值模拟研究进展

超声速喷流问题是一个包含激波、旋涡、湍流和声波的多尺度复杂流动问题,其数值模拟方法及激波噪声产生机制是相关研究的长期热点和难点。本文简要回顾了超声速喷流激波噪声研究进展,重点介绍了针对激波噪声计算方法的非物理噪声消除技术和光滑因子设计准则,针对超声速喷流激波噪声研究设计的模型问题(包括旋涡–旋涡相互作用、激波–旋涡相互作用和激波–剪切层相互作用等),以及轴对称和三维超声速喷流的研究进展。本文还介绍了作者最近针对超声速喷流开展的三维直接数值模拟、实验验证工作和初步分析结果(包括轴对称模态定位、束缚波演化和摆动模态发展等)。