Revisit of the anisotropic vortex states of 2H-NbSe_(2) towards the zero-field limit

We revisited the vortex states of 2H-Nb Se2towards zero fields by a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope.Fine structures of the anisotropic vortex states were distinguished, one is a spatially non-splitting zero bias peak, and the other is an in-gap conductance anomaly resembling evolved crossing features around the center of the three nearest vortices.Both of them distribute solely along the next nearest neighboring direction of the vortex lattice and become unresolved in much higher magnetic fields, implying an important role played by the vortex–vortex interactions. To clarify these issues,we have studied the intrinsic vortex states of the isolated trapped vortex in zero fields at 0.45 K. It is concluded that the anisotropic zero bias peak is attributed to the superconducting gap anisotropy, and the spatially evolved crossing features are related to the vortex–vortex interaction. The vortex core size under the zero-field limit is determined. These results provide a paradigm for studying the inherent vortex states of type-II superconductors especially based on an isolated vortex.

Preparing quantum vortex states with odd Schrdinger cat states through a coupled waveguide system

A scheme is proposed for preparing a quantum vortex state with a coupled waveguide, in which a single-mode odd cat state with weak intensity and a single-mode coherent state are inserted in the input ports, respectively. The analytical wavefunction of the resulting state in the quadrature space is derived, and the vortex structure of the output state is analyzed. It is found that the obtained states, which may carry a vortex with topological charge index one, are entangled and nonclassical, depending only on the scaled propagation time and the weak intensity of the input odd cat state instead of the displacement parameter of the input coherent state. The phase distribution, however, in the quadrature space, depends on the displacement parameter of the input coherent state

Vortex states in thin mesoscopic superconducting rings

Since the 1990s, the progress of nanofabrication technologies has resulted in increasing interests in the study of superconducting properties of mesoscopic samples. A mesoscopic sample has a size comparable to the coherence length ξ and penetration depth λ. Properties of mesoscopic systems are considerably influenced by confinement effects. Therefore, the vortex state depends on the size and geometry of the sample.

Wigner function and the entanglement of a quantized Bessel-Gaussian vortex state of a quantized radiation field

A new kind of quantum non-Gaussian state with a vortex structure, termed a Bessel-Gaussian vortex state, is constructed, which is an eigenstate of the sum of squared annihilation operators a2 ＋ b2. The Wigner function of the quantum vortex state is derived and exhibits negativity which is an indication of nonclassicality. It is also found that a quantized vortex state is always in entanglement. And a scheme for generating such quantized vortex states is proposed.

Giant Vortex States in a Long Superconducting Cylinder with a Hole in Center

我们理论上在在长超导的柱体形式的二倍地连接的超导体学习了超导性的成核。巨大的旋涡与非线性的 Ginzburg 四轮马车理论说 reinvestigated。Ginzburg 四轮马车方程的答案与松驰方法数字地被解决。量尺寸效果清楚地通过免费精力的计算被显示出。

Discrete vortex bound states with a van Hove singularity in the vicinity of the Fermi level

A theoretical study on discrete vortex bound states is carried out near a vortex core in the presence of a van Hove singularity(VHS) near the Fermi level by solving Bogoliubov–de Gennes(Bd G) equations. When the VHS lies exactly at the Fermi level and also at the middle of the band, a zero-energy state and other higher-energy states whose energy ratios follow integer numbers emerge. These discrete vortex bound state peaks undergo a splitting behavior when the VHS or Fermi level moves away from the middle of the band. Such splitting behavior will eventually lead to a new arrangement of quantized vortex core states whose energy ratios follow half-odd-integer numbers.

Interaction of a pair coherent state with a three-level Λ-type atom and generation of a modified Bessel-Gaussian state with a vortex structure

The evolution of a system state is derived based on the nonresonant interaction of a three-level ＂Λ＂ type atom with two cavity modes at a pair coherent state and two classic fields,and a cavity field state is analyzed in detail under conditional detecting.It is found that the quantized modified Bessel-Gaussian states as well as the superposition states consisting of the quantized vortex states with different weighted coefficients may be prepared through carefully preparing an initial atomic state and appropriately adjusting the interaction time.The scheme provides an additional choice to realize the two-mode quantized vortex state within the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics（QED）.

A PREDICTION OF THE VORTEX-RING STATE BOUNDARY BASED ON MODEL TESTS

To understand the vortex-ring state and to develop an approach for predicting its boundary, a series of model rotor tests of vertical descent and oblique descent have been conducted on a newly-built test apparatus - the Whirling Beam. The test results showed some unsteady aerodynamic behavior of the model rotor operating in the vortex-ring state. A very irregular variation of the rotortorque at low rate-of-descent was observed here for the first time. We considered it to be the start of the 'power settling' and determined the critical descent velocity according to this observation. A previous criterion for the vortex-ring state was modified to give a semi-empirical method for predicting the entire vortex-ring state boundary. The computed boundary shows a good correlation with the model test results and the flight experiences.

Application of empirical mode decomposition based energy ratio to vortex flowmeter state diagnosis

To improve the measurement performance, a method for diagnosing the state of vortex flowmeter under various flow conditions was presented. The raw sensor signal of the vortex flowmeter was adaptively decomposed into intrinsic mode functions using the empirical mode decomposition approach. Based on the empirical mode decomposition results, the energy of each intrinsic mode function was extracted, and the vortex energy ratio was proposed to analyze how the perturbation in the flow affected the measurement performance of the vortex flowmeter. The relationship between the vortex energy ratio of the signal and the flow condition was established. The results show that the vortex energy ratio is sensitive to the flow condition and ideal for the characterization of the vortex flowmeter signal. Moreover, the vortex energy ratio under normal flow condition is greater than 80%, which can be adopted as an indicator to diagnose the state of a vortex flowmeter.

固体激光器涡旋光束产生实验系统设计与实现

高质量的涡旋光束在量子信息、激光雷达、激光通信等领域有着广泛的应用前景。为了用固体激光器直接产生涡旋光束,该文基于谐振腔模式与激光介质作用的速率方程,阐述了在二极管端面泵浦固体激光器中通过环形光泵浦产生拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光的原理。设计了环形光泵浦固体激光器产生涡旋光的实验方案并搭建了实验系统。实验产生了角向阶次为1阶、2阶的涡旋光束,相位涡旋手性可通过微调谐振腔输出镜调节。该实验能够使学生利用固体激光器直接产生涡旋光束并观察涡旋光束的相位特性,有助于学生加深对激光谐振腔模式理论及涡旋光束相位特性的理解,为相关专业学生的课程教学提供有力支撑。

高能涡旋粒子的产生与碰撞:进展、前景及挑战

光子、电子及其他粒子的涡旋(扭曲)态指这些粒子相应的波函数呈螺旋状波前的非平面波解。这些涡旋态在沿着平均传播方向上携带内禀轨道角动量,这一特性使得它们的波函数具有螺旋形的相位结构,类似于漩涡状的水流或旋转的陀螺。涡旋粒子因其独特的性质而备受瞩目,诸如拓扑荷数、横向动量分布以及相位奇点的存在,为多个科学分支如成像与通信、超材料、光谱分析、原子与核结构、粒子与强子物理乃至天体物理学等,开启了崭新的探索维度。本文旨在精炼概述各类涡旋粒子产生的实验技术和相应的探测手段,深入分析它们在各类相互作用中的影响,如角动量转移、拓展选择定则、调节原子的线性运动、调制微分截面与能量耗散率及光子偏振的转变,特别是在优化核反应机制、推动粒子加速器技术创新、研究强子内部结构与解析中子星深层构造等方面,凸显其不可小觑的科学价值与应用潜力。

Quantized bound states around a vortex in anisotropic superconductors

The bound states around a vortex in anisotropic superconductors is a longstanding yet important issue.In this work,we develop a variational theory on the basis of the Andreev approximation to obtain the energy levels and wave functions of the low-energy quantized bound states in superconductors with anisotropic pairing on arbitrary Fermi surface.In the case of circular Fermi surface,the effective Schr¨odinger equation yielding the bound state energies gets back to the theory proposed by Volovik and Kopnin many years ago.Our generalization here enables us to prove the equidistant energy spectrum inside a vortex in a broader class of superconductors.More importantly,we are now able to obtain the wave functions of these bound states by projecting the quasiclassical wave function on the eigenmodes of the effective Schr¨odinger equation,going beyond the quasiclassical Eilenberger results,which,as we find,are sensitive to the scattering rate.For the case of isotropic Fermi surface,the spatial profile of the low-energy local density of states is dominated near the vortex center and elongates along the gap antinode directions,in addition to the ubiquitous Friedel oscillation arising from the quantum inteference neglected in the Eilenberger theory.Moreover,as a consequence of the pairing anisotropy,the quantized wave functions develop a peculiar distribution of winding number,which reduces stepwise towards the vortex center.Our work provides a flexible way to study the vortex bound states in the future.

Multi-scale variation characteristics of polar vortex at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere

By use of 1948-2007 NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly geopotential data, a set of circulation indices are defined to characterize the polar vortex at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere, including area-（S）, intensity-（P） and centre position-（λc , φc） indices. Sea-sonal variation, interannual anomalies and their possible causes of 10 hPa polar vortex in the Southern Hemisphere are analyzed by using these indices, the relationship between 10 hPa polar vortex strength and the Antarctic Oscillation are analyzed as well. The results show that： （1） the polar region at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere is controlled by anticyclone （cyclone） from Dec. to Jan. （from Mar. to Oct.）, Feb. and Nov. are circulation transition seasons. （2） Intensity index （P） and area index （S） of anticy-clone （cyclone） in Jan. （Jul.） show a significant spike in the late 1970s, the anticyclone （cyclone） enhances （weakens） from ex-tremely weak （strong） oscillation to near the climatic mean before a spike, anticyclone tends to the mean state from very strong oscillation and cyclone oscillates in the weaker state after the spike. （3） There is significant interdecadal change for the anticyclone center in Jan., while markedly interannual variation for cyclone center in July. （4） The ozone anomalies can cause the interannual anomaly of the polar anticyclone at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere in Jan. （positive correlation between them）, but it is not related to the polar cyclone anomalies. （5） There is notable negative correlation between the polar vortex intensity index P and the Antarctic Oscillation index （AAOI）, thus AAOI can be represented by P.

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of a vortex ring impacting a bump

A vortex ring impinging on a three-dimensional bump is studied using large eddy simulation for a Reynolds number Re = 4 × 104 based on the initial translation speed and diameter of the vortex ring. The effects of bump height on the vortical flow phenomena and the underlying physical mechanisms are inves- tigated. Based on the analysis of the evolution of vortical structures, two typical kinds of vortical structures, i.e., the wrapping vortices and the hair-pin vortices, are identified and play an important role in the flow state evolution. The circu- lation of the primary vortex ring reasonably elucidates some typical phases of flow evolution. Furthermore, the mechanism of flow transition from laminar to turbulent state has been revealed based on analysis of turbulent kinetic energy.

Vortex-induced vibration of pipes conveying fluid using the method of multiple scales

The nonlinear dynamics of supported pipes conveying fluid subjected to vortex-induced vibration is evaluated using the method of multiple scales. Frequency response portraits for different internal fluid velocities under lock-in conditions are obtained and the stability of steady-state responses is discussed. Results show that the internal fluid velocity has a prominent effect on the oscillation amplitude and that the steady-state responses incorporating unstable solutions in the lock-in region are also obtained. In addition, the effects of two kinds of fluctuating lift coefficients on the steady-state responses are compared with each other.

直升机涡环状态边界风洞试验研究

本文对直升机涡环状态边界进行了系统的分析与研究。首先,剖析了涡环状态事故的成因,阐述了其在飞行特性、旋翼性能、桨盘入流、涡系结构等方面的物理机制,指出涡环状态下安全隐患的主要诱因是桨尖涡受挤压形成集中涡,使桨盘面上诱导入流相对垂向来流占优,造成旋翼拉力负阻尼与性能损失,导致浮沉运动失稳。然后,对比了各类涡环状态边界的差异性和适用性,指出现有边界预测模型存在建模方式主观性强和试验数据离散度高的问题,并提出了改进思路。最后,设计并开展了模拟下降飞行的旋翼风洞试验。试验结果显示:涡环状态下出现了旋翼拉力负阻尼、拉力损失和功率沉陷现象,旋翼拉力损失最高达30%,旋翼产生维持机体重量拉力的需用功率约为悬停功率的160%。以特情防范实践中关注的旋翼拉力负阻尼和拉力性能损失为指标,从试验结果中提取了涡环状态边界临界速度离散点。在涡环状态边界预测模型构建中区分水平来流、垂向来流和诱导入流对桨尖涡驱动作用的强弱,并计入不同前进比下动量理论的修正和桨尖涡运动阈值的差异,基于试验值采用最小二乘法确定了模型参数,建立了半经验化的涡环状态边界预测模型,模型预测结果与风洞试验结果吻合较好,且符合飞行试验规律。本文对认识涡环状态特情和预防涡环状态事故具有现实意义。

倾转旋翼机涡环状态数值模拟及数学建模

倾转旋翼机垂直下降或斜下降过程中包含极为危险的涡环状态,为掌握涡环状态下其气动载荷、流场变化规律,建立涡环边界数学模型,为相应飞行仿真和飞行试验提供数学模型。采用基于滑移网格技术的CFD方法模拟了倾转旋翼机的涡环状态,研究了倾转旋翼机垂直下降飞行时涡环状态流场、力和力矩的演变规律,提出了倾转旋翼机涡环边界计算方法,并得出了涡环边界解析表达式。结果表明:与直升机涡环状态的主要区别为,倾转旋翼机的机翼降低了单个旋翼涡环状态的影响,但倾转旋翼机旋翼分布的对称性,提高了飞行器滚转力矩失衡的风险;倾转旋翼机垂直下降速率v_(H)/v_(h)为0.9左右时,会进入成熟的涡环状态,旋翼拉力损失最大,为18%;倾转旋翼机垂直下降时的涡环状态对应的下降速率为0.583≤v_(H)/v_(h)≤1.516,风险一方面来源于倾转旋翼机左、右两部分旋翼拉力不对称导致倾覆,一方面来源于倾转旋翼机旋翼拉力损失过大导致坠毁;根据涡环状态危险程度,建立了垂直下降和斜下降状态的涡环边界数学模型。结果可为倾转旋翼机的设计和安全飞行提供下降速度规避依据。

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中的非正则涡旋态及其动力学

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中由于非线性相互作用引起的涡旋激发态一直是超冷原子研究的热点.然而相关研究都集中在具有整数拓扑荷的正则涡旋态.本文研究了具有幂指数、新型幂指数和振荡型三种相位分布的非正则涡旋光与凝聚体相互作用而产生的非正则涡旋态凝聚体的动力学性质.研究表明非正则涡旋具有动力学不稳定性,其密度分布显著依赖于光场相位结构参数.不同非正则涡旋衰变形成具有不同分布的正则涡旋簇,展现出丰富的动力学激发斑图.特别是新型幂指数非正则涡旋态衰变后会在凝聚体内形成稳定的正多边形正则涡旋簇结构.由于非正则涡旋光的相位结构破坏了凝聚体的旋转对称性,凝聚体的角动量不再是量子化的,且其随光场方位角幂次或振荡频率的变化与相应的非正则涡旋光场自身演化具有明显差别.在动力学演化过程中,具有新型幂指数相位的非正则涡旋态凝聚体质心保持不变,而对于具有幂指数和振荡型相位的非正则涡旋态凝聚体,两者的质心轨迹是一个中心为坐标原点的非标准椭圆.

Euler-Bernoulli海洋立管涡致强迫振动响应研究

针对海洋立管(Pipe-in-pipe,PIP)系统在海水作用下发生的振动问题,开展了对PIP系统在涡致强迫振动下的动力学响应研究,分析了在涡致强迫振动下海洋立管外管直径、轴向拉力、外激力频率对海洋立管位移响应的影响规律。基于Euler-Bernoulli双梁模型,采用Lamb-Oseen涡模型,建立了动力学模型,利用格林函数法求得该强迫振动的稳态响应。结果表明,随着管道直径增加,外激力增加,产生最大力幅值的位置离管道越远;轴向拉力对外部管道的影响较大,对内部管道的影响较小;无因次频率取0.4时,外部管道位移超出允许变形极限,内外管壁发生周期碰撞,易对海洋立管造成损伤。

可见光波段全固态涡旋激光腔内产生技术研究进展(特邀)

涡旋光由于携带轨道角动量信息,在天文学、光学操控、显微成像、传感、量子科学和光通信等领域有着广泛的应用前景。特别地,针对可见光波段涡旋激光,在水下通信领域,涡旋光束可以显著提高通信容量。此外,在可见激光高分辨成像领域,涡旋光束可大幅度提高成像分辨率。目前,可见光波段涡旋光主要通过无源法和有源法产生。相比腔外转换的无源法,有源法在转换效率、光束质量(模式纯度)以及功率提升方面均具有显著优势。该综述重点阐述激光腔内直接产生可见光波段涡旋光的产生技术,具体包括离轴泵浦法、环形泵浦法、腔内球差法等技术手段。综述了可见光波段涡旋固态激光的腔内产生技术,分别从基于非线性频率变换的可见光涡旋激光产生技术、基于分立元器件的LD直接泵浦可见光全固态涡旋激光产生技术、基于光纤介质的LD直接泵浦可见光全固态涡旋激光产生技术方面进行介绍。最后对其未来发展进行分析和展望。