Numerical Simulation of Two-Dimensional Shock/Boundary-Layer Interaction between a Rocket and Booster

A two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver is applied to analyze the aerodynamic behavior of the Shock/Boundary-Layer interaction of rocket with a boosted The K-ε turbulence model and a finite volume method in a unstructured body-fitted curvilinear coordinates have been used. The results indicate that the separation and the reattachment occur in the Boundary-Layer of the main rocket because of the shock interaction. The shape of the booster nose effects the flow field obviously. In the case of the hemisphere booster nose the pressure has complicate distributions and the separation is very clear. The distance between the booster and main rocket has the evident effect on the flow field. If the distance is smaller the pressure coefficient is bigger the separation zone even the separation bubble occurs.

Dynamical nonlinear excitations induced by interaction quench in a two-dimensional box-trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

Manipulating nonlinear excitations,including solitons and vortices,is an essential topic in quantum many-body physics.A new progress in this direction is a protocol proposed in[Phys.Rev.Res.2043256(2020)]to produce dark solitons in a one-dimensional atomic Bose–Einstein condensate(BEC)by quenching inter-atomic interaction.Motivated by this work,we generalize the protocol to a two-dimensional BEC and investigate the generic scenario of its post-quench dynamics.For an isotropic disk trap with a hard-wall boundary,we find that successive inward-moving ring dark solitons(RDSs)can be induced from the edge,and the number of RDSs can be controlled by tuning the ratio of the after-and before-quench interaction strength across different critical values.The role of the quench played on the profiles of the density,phase,and sound velocity is also investigated.Due to the snake instability,the RDSs then become vortex–antivortex pairs with peculiar dynamics managed by the initial density and the after-quench interaction.By tuning the geometry of the box traps,demonstrated as polygonal ones,more subtle dynamics of solitons and vortices are enabled.Our proposed protocol and the discovered rich dynamical effects on nonlinear excitations can be realized in near future cold-atom experiments.

Spontaneous Formation of Anti-ferromagnetic Vortex Lattice in a Fast Rotating BEC with Dipole Interactions

When a Bose-Einstein condensate is set to rotate, superfluid vortices will be formed, which finally condense into a vortex lattice as the rotation frequency further increases. We show that the dipole-dipole interactions renormalize the short-range interaction strength and result in a distinction between interactions of parallel-polarized atoms and interactions of antiparallel-polarized atoms. This effect may lead to a spontaneous breakdown of the rapidly rotating Bose condensate into a novel anti-ferromagnetic-like vortex lattice. The upward-polarized Bose condensate forms a vortex lattice, which is staggered against a downward-polarized vortex lattice. A phase diagram related to the coupling strength is obtained.

Advances in laser-plasma interactions using intense vortex laser beams

Low-intensity light beams carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM),commonly known as vortex beams,have garnered significant attention due to promising applications in areas ranging from optical trapping to communication.In recent years,there has been a surge in global research exploring the potential of high-intensity vortex laser beams and specifically their interactions with plasmas.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in this area.Compared with conventional laser beams,intense vortex beams exhibit unique properties such as twisted phase fronts,OAM delivery,hollow intensity distribution,and spatially isolated longitudinal fields.These distinct characteristics give rise to a multitude of rich phenomena,profoundly influencing laser-plasma interactions and offering diverse applications.The paper also discusses future prospects and identifies promising general research areas involving vortex beams.These areas include low-divergence particle acceleration,instability suppression,high-energy photon delivery with OAM,and the generation of strong magnetic fields.With growing scientific interest and application potential,the study of intense vortex lasers is poised for rapid development in the coming years.

Numerical simulation of unsteady interaction of centrifugal impeller with its diffuser using Lagrangian discrete vortex method

In this study, an advanced Lagrangian vortex- boundary element method is applied to simulate the unsteady impeller-diffuser interactions in a diffuser pump not only for design but also for off-design considerations. In velocity calculations based on the Biot-Savart law we do not have to grid large portions of the flow field and the calculation points are concentrated in the regions where vorticity is present. Lagrangian representation of the evolving vorticity field is well suited to moving boundaries. An integral pressure equation shows that the pressure distribution can be estimated directly from the instantaneous velocity and vorticity field. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data and the comparisons show that the method used in this study can provide us insight into the complicated unsteady impeller-diffuser interaction phenomena in a diffuser pump.

Interaction Between Large-scale Vortex Structure and Dispersed Particles in a Three Dimensional Mixing Layer

In order to understand the interaction between large-scale vortex structure and particles, a two-way coupling temporal mixing layer laden with particles at a Stokes number of 5 with different mass loading planted initially in the upper half region is numerically studied. The pseudospectral method is used for the flow fluid and the Lagrangian approach is employed to trace particles. The momentum coupling effect introduced by a particle is approximated to a point force. The simulation results show that the coherent structures are still dominant in the mixing layer, but the large-scale vortex structure and particle dispersion are modulated. The length of large-scale vortex structure is shortened and the pairing is delayed. At the same time, the particles are distributed more evenly in the whole flow field as the mass loading is increased, but the particle dispersion along the transverse direction differs from that along the spanwise direction, which indicates that the effect by the addition of particle on the spanwise large-scale vortex structure is different from the streamwise counterpart.

IMPACT OF AIR-SEA INTERACTION ON THE GENESIS OF TROPICAL INCIPIENT VORTEX OVER SOUTH CHINA SEA： A CASE STUDY

Based on 6-hourly sensible heat flux and latent heat flux from the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSR) and circulation data from the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis(JRA-25),the initial developing process of tropical cyclone Mindulle(1005) in 2010 has been diagnosed to reveal the impact of air-sea interaction over the South China Sea(SCS) on the genesis of its incipient vortex.The results show that the incipient vortex first occurred east of the Luzon Island on 0000 UTC 20 August,suggesting that the topographic forcing of the Luzon Island for easterly winds over the western Pacific might be one of the factors responsible for the formation of the incipient vortex.During the formation stage of the incipient vortex,strong southeasterlies over the SCS caused warm water of the middle and eastern SCS to flow toward the Luzon Island due to Ekman transport resulting from wind stress,leading to an increase of the sea surface temperature and sensible heat flux into the atmosphere.Although the anomalous sensible heating favored surface pressure to reduce,it was not conducive to the increase of local vorticity associated with the vortex above the heating area because,according to the atmospheric thermal adaptation theory,the anticyclonic vorticity would be created in the lower troposphere due to the decreased vertical gradient of the sensible heating.However,the ascending motions occurred over the eastern area of the anomalous sensible heating due to the augmentation of the vorticity advection with increasing height,causing water vapor to condense in the middle and upper troposphere.In turn,cyclonic vorticity was generated in the lower troposphere due to the increased vertical gradient of the condensation latent heating,resulting in the formation and further growth of the incipient vortex.Therefore,the vorticity creation due to the condensation heating played a dominant role during the subsequent enhancing stage of the incipient vortex.

SOUND GENERATION AND INTERACTIONS OF SHOCK WAVES WITH ROWS OF VORTICES

Interactions of shock waves and rows of vortices are studied by solving the two-dimensional,compressible Euler equations with a fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory finite difference scheme.For a compressible flow the Mach number of the shock wave and vortex equals to 1.05 and 0.25,respectively.The resulting flow field contains complex shock structures,such as multiple shock focusing and reflecting regions.At the meantime,sound waves are generated,interrupted and reformed when they touch the main and reflected shock waves.

The Influence of Meridional Variation in North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the Arctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex

This study examines the dependence of Arctic stratospheric polar vortex(SPV)variations on the meridional positions of the sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies associated with the first leading mode of North Pacific SST.The principal component 1(PC1)of the first leading mode is obtained by empirical orthogonal function decomposition.Reanalysis data,numerical experiments,and CMIP5 model outputs all suggest that the PC1 events(positive-minus-negative PC1 events),located relatively northward(i.e.,North PC1 events),more easily weaken the Arctic SPV compared to the PC1 events located relatively southward(i.e.,South PC1 events).The analysis indicates that the North PC1-related Aleutian low anomaly is located over the northern North Pacific and thus enhances the climatological trough,which strengthens the planetary-scale wave 1 at mid-to-high latitudes and thereby weakens the SPV.The weakened stratospheric circulation further extends into the troposphere and favors negative surface temperature anomalies over Eurasia.By contrast,the South PC1-related Aleutian low anomaly is located relatively southward,and its constructive interference with the climatological trough is less efficient at high latitudes.Thus,the South PC1 events could not induce an evident enhancement of the planetary-scale waves at high latitudes and thereby a weakening of the SPV on average.The Eurasian cooling associated with South PC1 events(positive-minus-negative PC1 events)is also not prominent.The results of this study suggest that the meridional positions of the PC1 events may be useful for predicting the Arctic SPV and Eurasian surface temperature variations.

Kinematic and mixing characteristics of vortex interaction induced by a vortex generator model:a numerical study

The underlying effect of vortex interaction characterized by the merging and non-merging on mixing enhancement is of fundamental significance to understand the flow dynamics of strut injectors in scramjets.Starting from a simplified configuration of a vortex generator,this study focuses on the influence of geometric parameters on vortex structures and fluid mixing through compressible Navier-Stokes(NS)simulations.By adjusting the induction of outer vortices,the inner co-rotating vortex pair exhibits two modes of interaction(merging/separation regime)reflected by closer/farther vortex centers.Defined by the zero variation rate of the inner vortex spacing,the critical state of equilibrium is determined.The critical condition is well predicted by a theoretical model based on the Biot-Savart law.Through the introduction of mixedness and mixing time,the intrinsic impact of interaction modes on fluid mixing is revealed.Compared with the vortex dynamics in the merging regime,the one in the separation regime is more effective for passive scalar mixing augmentation.With efficient material stretching characterized by the higher interface stretching factor and averaging finite-time Lyapunov exponent(FTLE),the mixing time is shortened by as much as 2.5 times in the separation regime.The implication of the present two interaction regimes in mixing enhancement physically reflected by the averaging FTLE has the potential to improve the combustion performance and shorten the combustor chamber.

Dynamic Interactions in the Atmosphere

Even today, with the great progress that has been made in the scientific, technological and computational fields, we are still stunned by the devastating effects brought about by atmospheric phenomena. This paper aims to propose new hypotheses in the field of dynamics to enhance our understanding of the behaviour of atmospheric disturbances caused by rotating winds. I believe that the criteria of classical dynamics that are applied to vortex systems in the atmosphere should be rigorously reviewed. I propose to establish new hypotheses in the field of dynamics, in order to better interpret rotation in nature. These hypotheses have been structured into a new theory that has been tested experimentally by both ourselves and third parties, with positive results. I propose to use the Theory of Dynamic Interactions (TDI) to interpret the behaviour of systems undergoing successive rotations around different axes—which we will refer to as non-coaxial rotations. I hold that this theory applies to air masses and groups of particles in suspension that are accelerated by rotations. Accordingly, it should be used to interpret the behaviour of tornadoes, cyclones and hurricanes. I believe that this proposal could enhance our understanding of these atmospheric phenomena and improve predictions about them.

Interactive Visualization System of Taylor Vortex Flow Using Stokes' Stream Function

Taylor vortex flow between two concentric rotating cylinders with finite axial length includes various patterns of laminar and turbulent flows, and its behavior has attracted great interests. When mode bifurcation occurs, quantitative parameters such as the volume-averaged energy change rapidly. It is important to visualize the behaviors of vortices. In this study, a three-dimensional visualization system with respect to time is devised. This system can change the viewpoint of flow visualization, and we can observe the track of a vortex from any point. The volume-averaged energy is projected to the track of the center of a vortex. The proposed system can help to investigate the relationship between the mode bifurcation process and the volume-averaged energy.

Exchange interaction between vortex and antivortex

The dynamic properties of interacting vortex-antivortex pairs in thin film are studied by analytical calculations. An- alytical expressions for the magnetization vector distribution of vortex-antivortex pairs and the trivortex states are given. The magnetic states of the vortices are treated as having rigid structures, i.e., the vortex maintains its spin distribution when moving. The trajectories of the vortex cores are calculated by the Thiele＇s equation. It is found that the vortex-antivortex pair rotates around each other when they have opposite polarities, however, vortex and antivortex cores move along straight lines when they have the same polarity. The frequency of the rotation decreases with increasing the distance between the two cores of vortex-antivortex pair, and it has a lower value when a third vortex is introduced.

Vortex Dissipation Due to Airfoil-Vortex Interaction

The influences due to several AVIs （airfoil-vortex interactions） are studied by using a two-dimensional CFD （computational fluid dynamics） method. The primary goal of this effort is to assess the variation of vortex center location and vortex circulation associated with sequential AVI toward an improvement of the hybrid method of CFD and prescribed wake model, which closely relates to predicting the BVI （blade-vortex interaction） noise radiated from a helicopter rotor. The representative of sequential AVI is performed by single vortex and two airfoils. Investigations with respect to vortex center location and vortex circulation after AVIs have been made by varying the miss-distance, which is the vertical distance between the airfoil leading edge and the vortex center. Correlations between miss-distance and vorticity field show that there exists complicated vortex wake flow with several vortices newly induced in 1st AVI. The pressure fluctuation amplitude clarifies that the intensity in 2nd AV1 is significantly low compared to the intensity in 1st AVI due to the influence of vortex dissipation. Simulations turned out to modify the vortex center location represented by the hybrid method using an offset value for a streamwise direction and to dissipate the vortex circulation for improving the accuracy of BVI noise prediction.

Dynamic Properties of Steel Catenary Riser near Touchdown Point Under Coplanar Vessel Heave and Vortex Induced Vibration

The present study establishes a simple numerical model for the coupled response of a steel catenary riser(SCR) subjected to coplanar vessel motion and vortex-induced vibration(VIV). Owing to the large deflection of the SCR, the geometric nonlinearity is considered in this model. The hydrodynamic force comprises the excitation force and hydrodynamic damping, where the excitation force that only exists when the non-dimensional frequency is located in the lock-in range, is associated with the VIV. The hydrodynamic force model is validated based on the published VIV test data.As for the seabed resistance at the touchdown zone(TDZ), integrated with an initial seabed trench, the hysteretic feature is modeled. Based on the model, the study emphasizes on the coupled response characteristics near the touchdown point(TDP) induced by coplanar vessel heave and VIV, and analyzes the sensitivity of the coupled response to the heaving amplitude and frequency. It is found that with the increase of the heave amplitude and frequency, the VIV can be obviously mitigated, but the heave-related response in the coupled analysis seems to be close to that in the heave-only simulation. Finally, the fatigue damage near TDP is parametrically investigated based on the separate analysis and the coupled analysis. The results demonstrate that the coupled effect plays a significant role in the fatigue assessment near TDP. Besides, the proportion of the coupled effect accounting for the total fatigue damage decreases with the increasing seabed stiffness, while increases with the increasing seabed trench depth.

分数阶衍射蜂窝晶格中带隙涡旋孤子的传输与控制

基于分数阶非线性薛定谔方程,研究分数阶衍射效应下蜂窝晶格中带隙涡旋光孤子的存在性与传输特性.首先采用平面波展开法得到蜂窝晶格能带结构,其次在带隙结构中分别采用改进的平方算子迭代法、分步傅里叶法和傅里叶配置法研究含有蜂窝晶格势的分数阶非线性薛定谔方程中带隙涡旋孤子的模式及其传输特性.研究结果发现带隙涡旋孤子的传输特性受Lévy指数和传播常数的影响.在稳定区间,带隙涡旋孤子可以稳定传输,而在非稳定区间,带隙涡旋孤子会随着传输距离的增加而逐渐汇聚,失去环状结构演变为基孤子.且Lévy指数越大,带隙涡旋孤子能够稳定传输的距离越长,功率越低.此外,相邻晶格同相位两个带隙涡旋孤子与旁瓣能量相叠加,反相位两带隙涡旋孤子与旁瓣能量相抵消,传输过程中逐渐失去环状结构,演化为类偶极子模式,且受方位角调制影响而周期性旋转.在非相邻晶格处两带隙涡旋孤子,由于旁瓣影响较小,带隙涡旋孤子在传输过程中能较好地保持环状结构.

青藏高原水循环中高原低涡及多季风交汇的研究进展

青藏高原以其特殊而强大的动力和热力效应,导致东亚季风、印度季风和高原季风在高原及周边地区交汇。受多季风交汇影响,青藏高原低涡的水循环过程极为复杂,而高原低涡水循环异常往往可造成高原及周边乃至我国中东部地区频发灾害性天气,因此一直是国内外学者关注的热点和难点问题。本文回顾了国内外关于高原低涡活动特征、结构特征、生成发展机制等方面研究进展,从高原低涡水汽输送、低涡降水和云—降水物理过程等角度概括了高原低涡参与水循环过程研究成果,在总结东亚季风、印度季风和高原季风相互作用研究的基础上分析了多季风交汇对高原水循环的影响。对多季风作用下高原低涡影响水循环方面存在的问题进行了讨论,并展望了未来研究方向。

高雷诺数下质量比对圆柱涡致振动影响分析

涡致振动分析可为柔性结构抗风研究与工程应用提供重要理论依据。采用基于非平稳雷诺均值Navier-Stokes方程(Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations,URANS)的数值方法模拟了高雷诺数、高质量比条件下单向自由度圆柱的涡激振动。在改进的剪切应力输运k-ω(Shear Stress Transport,SST k-ω)模型基础上,运用动网格技术实现流固耦合,并结合Newmark-β方法求解结构运动方程。在雷诺数为1.39×104~1.04×105、折算速度为2~12的条件下,模拟分析了圆柱在不同折算速度时的涡激振动响应,得到了不同质量比时圆柱涡激振动的振幅比、振动频率比、升力系数等的变化特点,讨论了圆柱振动响应和旋涡脱落特性,分析总结了高雷诺数下不同质量比的圆柱涡激振动特性规律。结果表明:数值结果与已有试验的吻合程度较好;雷诺数和质量比对圆柱的涡激振动影响效果明显,对进一步分析圆柱涡致振动具有参考意义。

脉冲信号的奇异性分布熵特征分析

为了对低信噪比复杂环境下脉冲信号的奇异性差异进行有效的分析和标定,提出了一种基于模极大值理论的奇异性分布熵特征分析模型。首先对脉冲信号进行归一化并进行小波变换,计算各尺度下模极大值及其特定分布,可以体现具有奇异性差异的模极大值曲线族。为定量描述这种差异性,用熵值表达构成模极大值曲线族的模极大值点分布,并构建能有效分析脉冲信号奇异性差异的奇异性分布熵特征模型。该模型能对低噪比下信号的奇异性差异进行刻画。实验结果表明,在信噪比为-6 dB的环境下对典型的直升机脉冲信号(桨/涡干扰信号和高速脉冲信号)进行分析,能够得到89.25%和87.63%的正确率。

软体排沉排水流结构与排体动力特性数值模拟

针对软体排沉排施工时容易出现撕排和断排的问题,本文基于k-ωSST湍流模型,采用分区耦合算法对顺水沉排过程进行双向流固耦合模拟。分析了不同水流条件下绕流流场、涡流结构与排体动力特性,并结合室内水槽试验验证模型计算精度。结果表明:水流流经排体后发生流动分离,导致沿排宽中轴线形成对称的回流区。排体迎水面流速随水深增加呈指数型递增,排体后方高速尾流带的最大流速相较平均流速可增大40%~50%。当雷诺数增加,主体涡流结构由靠近床面侧逐步向水面处发展。此外,排体所受应力沿横向呈条带状分布,峰值集中于排体与翻板交界处及排头梁附近。研究结果可为完善排体结构设计、改进沉排施工工艺提供理论指导。