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Comparisons of Wave Force Model Effects on the Structural Responses and Fatigue Loads of a Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Turbine
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作者 HAN Yanqing LE Conghuan +1 位作者 ZHANG Puyang XU Shengnan 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 CAS CSCD 2024年第1期69-79,共11页
The selection of wave force models will significantly impact the structural responses of floating wind turbines.In this study,comparisons of wave force model effects on the structural responses and fatigue loads of a ... The selection of wave force models will significantly impact the structural responses of floating wind turbines.In this study,comparisons of wave force model effects on the structural responses and fatigue loads of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine(SFWT)were conducted.Simulations were performed by employing the Morison equation(ME)with linear or second-order wave kinematics and potential flow theory(PFT)with first-or second-order wave forces.A comparison of regular waves,irregular waves,and coupled wind/waves analyses with the experimental data showed that many of the simulation results and experimental data are relatively consistent.However,notable discrepancies are found in the response amplitude operators for platform heave,tower base bending moment,and tension in mooring lines.PFT models give more satisfactory results of heave but more significant discrepan-cies in tower base bending moment than the ME models.In irregular wave analyses,low-frequency resonances were captured by PFT models with second-order difference-frequency terms,and high-frequency resonances were captured by the ME models or PFT models with second-order sum-frequency terms.These force models capture the response frequencies but do not reasonably predict the response amplitudes.The coupled wind/waves analyses showed more satisfactory results than the wave-only analyses.However,an important detail to note is that this satisfactory result is based on the overprediction of wind-induced responses. 展开更多
关键词 floating wind turbine wave force model potential flow theory Morison equation second-order wave forces
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An extended social force model on unidirectional flow considering psychological and behavioral impacts of hazard source
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作者 邓凯丰 李梦 +1 位作者 胡祥敏 陈涛 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期567-576,共10页
An accurate assessment of the evacuation efficiency in case of disasters is of vital importance to the safety design of buildings and street blocks.Hazard sources not only physically but psychologically affect the ped... An accurate assessment of the evacuation efficiency in case of disasters is of vital importance to the safety design of buildings and street blocks.Hazard sources not only physically but psychologically affect the pedestrians,which may further alter their behavioral patterns.This effect is especially significant in narrow spaces,such as corridors and alleys.This study aims to integrate a non-spreading hazard source into the social force model following the results from a previous experiment and simulation,and to simulate unidirectional pedestrian flows over various crowd densities and clarity–intensity properties of the hazard source.The integration include a virtual repulsion force from the hazard source and a decay on the social force term.The simulations reveal(i)that the hazard source creates virtual bottlenecks that suppress the flow,(ii)that the inter-pedestrian push forms a stabilisation phase on the flow-density curve within medium-to-high densities,and(iii)that the pedestrians are prone to a less orderly and stable pattern of movement in low clarity–intensity scenarios,possibly with lateral collisions passing the hazard source. 展开更多
关键词 EVACUATION social force model hazard source unidirectional pedestrian flow
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Dynamic-based model for calculating the boulder impact force in debris flow
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作者 YANG Chaoping ZHANG Shaojie +2 位作者 YIN Yueping YANG Hongjuan WEI Fangqiang 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第6期1930-1940,共11页
The boulder impact force in debris flow is generally calculated by static methods such as the cantilever beam models.However,these methods cannot describe the dynamic scenario of boulder collision on structures,so the... The boulder impact force in debris flow is generally calculated by static methods such as the cantilever beam models.However,these methods cannot describe the dynamic scenario of boulder collision on structures,so the inertia and damping effects of the structures are not involved causing an overestimation on the boulder impact force.In order to address this issue,a dynamic-based model for calculating the boulder impact force of a debris flow was proposed in this study,and the dynamic characteristics of a cantilever beam with multiple degrees of freedom under boulder collision were investigated.By using the drop-weight method to simulate boulders within debris flow,seven experiments of drop-weight impacting the cantilever beam were used to calibrate the error of the dynamicbased model.Results indicate that the dynamic-based model is able to reconstruct the impact force history on the cantilever beam during impact time and the error of dynamic-based model is 15.3%in calculating boulder impact force,significantly outperforming the cantilever beam model’s error of 285%.Therefore,the dynamic-based model can overcome the drawbacks of the static-based models and provide a more reliable theoretical foundation for the engineering design of debris flow control structures. 展开更多
关键词 Debris flow Impact force Boulder collision Dynamic-based model Engineering design
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Improvements of cohesive zone model on artificial compliance and discontinuous force
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作者 Ala Tabiei Li Meng 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第9期47-67,共21页
The cohesive zone model(CZM)has been used widely and successfully in fracture propagation,but some basic problems are still to be solved.In this paper,artificial compliance and discontinuous force in CZM are investiga... The cohesive zone model(CZM)has been used widely and successfully in fracture propagation,but some basic problems are still to be solved.In this paper,artificial compliance and discontinuous force in CZM are investigated.First,theories about the cohesive element(local coordinate system,stiffness matrix,and internal nodal force)are presented.The local coordinate system is defined to obtain local separation;the stiffness matrix for an eight-node cohesive element is derived from the calculation of strain energy;internal nodal force between the cohesive element and bulk element is obtained from the principle of virtual work.Second,the reason for artificial compliance is explained by the effective stiffnesses of zero-thickness and finite-thickness cohesive elements.Based on the effective stiffness,artificial compliance can be completely removed by adjusting the stiffness of the finite-thickness cohesive element.This conclusion is verified from 1D and 3D simulations.Third,three damage evolution methods(monotonically increasing effective separation,damage factor,and both effective separation and damage factor)are analyzed.Under constant unloading and reloading conditions,the monotonically increasing damage factor method without discontinuous force and healing effect is a better choice than the other two methods.The proposed improvements are coded in LS-DYNA user-defined material,and a drop weight tear test verifies the improvements. 展开更多
关键词 Cohesive zone model Stiffness matrix Artificial compliance Damage evolution method Discontinuous force
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Analysis of Porter’s Five Forces Competitive Model in China’s Property Rights Trading Market
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作者 Weinong Wang 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2024年第3期206-211,共6页
In recent years,China’s property rights trading market has been extremely competitive,but there are also new contradictions and challenges.This paper aims to analyze the external and internal competitive market of th... In recent years,China’s property rights trading market has been extremely competitive,but there are also new contradictions and challenges.This paper aims to analyze the external and internal competitive market of the property rights market through Porter’s five forces competition model,then find out the problems and defects in the development,thereby promoting the better development and progress of China’s property rights trading market. 展开更多
关键词 Porter’s five forces competitive model Market optimization Innovative development
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A Simplified Nonlinear Model of Vertical Vortex-Induced Force on Box Decks for Predicting Stable Amplitudes of Vortex-Induced Vibrations 被引量:7
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作者 Le-Dong Zhu Xiao-Liang Meng +1 位作者 Lin-Qing Du Ming-Chang Ding 《Engineering》 SCIE EI 2017年第6期854-862,共9页
Wind-tunnel tests of a large-scale sectional model with synchronous measurements of force and vibration responses were carried out to investigate the nonlinear behaviors of vertical vortex-induced forces (VIFs) on t... Wind-tunnel tests of a large-scale sectional model with synchronous measurements of force and vibration responses were carried out to investigate the nonlinear behaviors of vertical vortex-induced forces (VIFs) on three typical box decks (i.e., fully closed box, centrally slotted box, and semi-closed box). The mechanisms of the onset, development, and self-limiting phenomenon of the vertical vortex-induced vibration (VlV) were also explored by analyzing the energy evolution of different vertical VIF components and their contributions to the vertical VIV responses. The results show that the nonlinear components of the vertical VIF often differ from deck to deck; the most important components of the vertical VIF, governing the stable amplitudes of the vertical VIV responses, are the linear and cubic components of velocity contained in the self-excited aerodynamic damping forces. The former provides a constant negative damping ratio to the vibration system and is thus the essential power driving the development of the VIV amplitude, while the latter provides a positive damping ratio proportional to the square of the vibration velocity and is actually the inherent factor making the VIV amplitude self-limiting. On these bases, a universal simplified nonlinear mathematical model of the vertical VIF on box decks of bridges is presented and verified in this paper; it can be used to predict the stable amplitudes of the vertical VIV of long-span bridges with satisfactory accuracy. 展开更多
关键词 Box deck of bridge Vertical vortex-induced vibration Vertical vortex-induced force Simplified nonlinear model Wind-tunnel test Large-scale sectional model Synchronous measurement of force and vibration
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Prediction Model for Vortex-Induced Vibration of Circular Cylinder with Data of Forced Vibration 被引量:3
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作者 潘志远 崔维成 刘应中 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 2007年第2期239-254,共16页
A model based on the data from forced vibration experiments is developed for predicting the vortex-induced vibra- tions (VIV) of elastically mounted circular cylinders in flow. The assumptions for free and forced vi... A model based on the data from forced vibration experiments is developed for predicting the vortex-induced vibra- tions (VIV) of elastically mounted circular cylinders in flow. The assumptions for free and forced vibration tests are explored briefly. Energy equilibrium is taken into account to set up the relationship between the dynamic response of selfexcited oscillations and the force coemcients from forced vibration experiments. The gap between these two cases is bridged straightforwardly with careful treatment of key parameters. Given reduced mass m^# and material damping ratio of an elastically mounted circular cylinder in flow, the response characteristics such as amplitude, frequency, lock-in range, added mass coefficient, cross-flow fluid force and the corresponding phase angle can be predicted all at once. In- stances with different combination of reduced mass and material damping ratio are compared to investigate their effects on VIV. The hysteresis phenomenon can be interpreted reasonably. The predictions and the results from recent experiments carried out by Wifliamson' s group are in rather good agreement. 展开更多
关键词 vortex-induced vibration (VIV) forced oscillation experiments response prediction model
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Direct measurement and theoretical prediction model of interparticle adhesion force between irregular planetary regolith particles 被引量:2
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作者 Heping Xie Qi Wu +3 位作者 Yifei Liu Yachen Xie Mingzhong Gao Cunbao Li 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第11期1425-1436,共12页
Interparticle adhesion force has a controlling effect on the physical and mechanical properties of planetary regolith and rocks.The current research on the adhesion force of planetary regolith and rock particles has b... Interparticle adhesion force has a controlling effect on the physical and mechanical properties of planetary regolith and rocks.The current research on the adhesion force of planetary regolith and rock particles has been primarily based on the assumption of smooth spherical particles to calculate the intergranular adhesion force;this approach lacks consideration for the adhesion force between irregular shaped particles.In our study,an innovative approach was established to directly measure the adhesion force between the arbitrary irregular shaped particles;the probe was modified using simulated lunar soil particles that were a typical representation of planetary regolith.The experimental results showed that for irregular shaped mineral particles,the particle size and mineral composition had no significant influence on the interparticle adhesion force;however,the complex morphology of the contact surface predominantly controlled the adhesion force.As the contact surface roughness increased,the adhesion force gradually decreased,and the rate of decrease gradually slowed;these results were consistent with the change trend predicted via the theoretical models of quantum electrodynamics.Moreover,a theoretical model to predict the adhesion force between the irregular shaped particles was constructed based on Rabinovich’s theory,and the prediction results were correlated with the experimental measurements. 展开更多
关键词 Planetary regolith Adhesion force Particle morphology Prediction model
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Simulation based on a modified social force model for sensitivity to emergency signs in subway station 被引量:2
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作者 蔡征宇 周汝 +2 位作者 崔银锴 王妍 蒋军成 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第2期175-183,共9页
The subway is the primary travel tool for urban residents in China. Due to the complex structure of the subway and high personnel density in rush hours, subway evacuation capacity is critical. The subway evacuation mo... The subway is the primary travel tool for urban residents in China. Due to the complex structure of the subway and high personnel density in rush hours, subway evacuation capacity is critical. The subway evacuation model is explored in this work by combining the improved social force model with the view radius using the Vicsek model. The pedestrians are divided into two categories based on different force models. The first category is sensitive pedestrians who have normal responses to emergency signs. The second category is insensitive pedestrians. By simulating different proportions of the insensitive pedestrians, we find that the escape time is directly proportional to the number of insensitive pedestrians and inversely proportional to the view radius. However, when the view radius is large enough, the escape time does not change significantly, and the evacuation of people in a small view radius environment tends to be integrated. With the improvement of view radius conditions, the escape time changes more obviously with the proportion of insensitive pedestrians. A new emergency sign layout is proposed, and the simulations show that the proposed layout can effectively reduce the escape time in a small view radius environment. However, the evacuation effect of the new escape sign layout on the large view radius environment is not apparent. In this case, the exit setting emerges as an additional factor affecting the escape time. 展开更多
关键词 modified social force model emergency evacuation insensitive pedestrians emergency signs layout
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Existence of Forced Waves and Their Asymptotic for Leslie-Gower Prey-Predator Model with Nonlocal Effects under Shifting Environment
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作者 Qingru Guo Hongmei Cheng 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2023年第6期1737-1754,共18页
In this paper, we prove the existence of forced waves for Leslie-Gower prey-predator model with nonlocal effects under shifting environment. By constructing a pair of upper and lower solutions with the method of monot... In this paper, we prove the existence of forced waves for Leslie-Gower prey-predator model with nonlocal effects under shifting environment. By constructing a pair of upper and lower solutions with the method of monotone iteration, we can obtain the existence of forced waves for any positive constant shifting speed. Finally, we show the asymptotical behavior of traveling wave fronts in two tails. 展开更多
关键词 Leslie-Gower Prey-Predator model Nonlocal Effects Shifting Environment forced Waves
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Numerical simulation of a short flexible pipe subject to forced motion and vortex-induced vibration 被引量:3
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作者 CHEN Zhengshou KIM Wu-joan CHOI Yoon-rak 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第6期70-83,共14页
A series of numerical sinmlations about a small scale (aspect ratio: 63.2) flexible pipe undergoing forced harmonious oscillation and vortex-induced vibration (VIV) have been taken into account. The wake hydrodyn... A series of numerical sinmlations about a small scale (aspect ratio: 63.2) flexible pipe undergoing forced harmonious oscillation and vortex-induced vibration (VIV) have been taken into account. The wake hydrodynamics and pipe deformation were accomplished by ANSYS MFX solution strat- egy designed for fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem with well-performed LES model. The configuration of structured mesh, multi-domain design, different mesh stiffness admeasured by User Fortran ensured that the numerical task was competent to deal with large deformation related to this case. The introduction of instantaneous amplitude definition and modeless component decom- position method (Chen and Kim, 2008) was helpful to reveal much more information from modal analysis. Most results from numerical simulation are generally consistent with those from model test (Choi and Hong, 2000) via the comparison between them. As supplementary to model test, visualization of the vortex wake was also provided. It has been proved that the forced oscillation doesn't only excite a complicated dumbbell-like wake pattern around the outer thimble, but also results in inner flow inside the PVC pipe. The velocity of the inner flow increases with the frequency of forced oscillation. 展开更多
关键词 force oscillation vortex-induced vibration (VIV) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) ANAYS MFX instantaneous amplitude
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Analysis to the Driving Force Model and Driving Factor on the Utilized Changes of Cultivated Land in Gonghe County 被引量:14
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作者 俞文政 刘丹 +1 位作者 祁英香 史军 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2009年第4期178-182,共5页
Using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land in Gonghe County, and using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system d... Using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land in Gonghe County, and using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to inspect the effect of driving changing on cultivated land change under different change situations. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed from the county territory scale level. At last, some corresponding policies and measures were put forward. 展开更多
关键词 Gonghe County Utilized Change of cultivated land Driving force model Driving factors
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Phase-field modeling of dendritic growth under forced flow based on adaptive finite element method 被引量:2
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作者 朱昶胜 雷鹏 +1 位作者 肖荣振 冯力 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第1期241-248,共8页
A mathematical model combined projection algorithm with phase-field method was applied. The adaptive finite element method was adopted to solve the model based on the non-uniform grid, and the behavior of dendritic gr... A mathematical model combined projection algorithm with phase-field method was applied. The adaptive finite element method was adopted to solve the model based on the non-uniform grid, and the behavior of dendritic growth was simulated from undercooled nickel melt under the forced flow. The simulation results show that the asymmetry behavior of the dendritic growth is caused by the forced flow. When the flow velocity is less than the critical value, the asymmetry of dendrite is little influenced by the forced flow. Once the flow velocity reaches or exceeds the critical value, the controlling factor of dendrite growth gradually changes from thermal diffusion to convection. With the increase of the flow velocity, the deflection angle towards upstream direction of the primary dendrite stem becomes larger. The effect of the dendrite growth on the flow field of the melt is apparent. With the increase of the dendrite size, the vortex is present in the downstream regions, and the vortex region is gradually enlarged. Dendrite tips appear to remelt. In addition, the adaptive finite element method can reduce CPU running time by one order of magnitude compared with uniform grid method, and the speed-up ratio is proportional to the size of computational domain. 展开更多
关键词 dendritic growth phase-field model forced flow adaptive finite element method
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Analysis to the Driving Force Model and Drives Factor on the Utilized Changes of Cultivated Land in Qinghai Lake Area 被引量:5
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作者 赤旦多杰 淡乐蓉 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2009年第6期150-154,共5页
Using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to study the driving force of cultivated land in Qinghai Lake Area, and using gradually regression analysis to establi... Using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to study the driving force of cultivated land in Qinghai Lake Area, and using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed, and the differences during all factors were compared. The study provides some decision basis for sustainable utilization and management of land resources in Qinghai Lake Area. 展开更多
关键词 Qinghai Lake Area Utilized change of cultivated land Driving force model Driving factors
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Evaluation and Driving Force Analysis of Cultivated Land Quality in Black Soil Region of Northeast China 被引量:1
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作者 WANG Mingchang LIU Xingnan +4 位作者 LIU Ziwei WANG Fengyan LI Xiaoyan HOU Guanglei ZHAO Shijun 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第4期601-615,共15页
Cultivated land is an important natural resource to ensure food,ecological and economic security.The cultivated land quality evaluation(CQE)is greatly significant for protecting and managing cultivated land.In this st... Cultivated land is an important natural resource to ensure food,ecological and economic security.The cultivated land quality evaluation(CQE)is greatly significant for protecting and managing cultivated land.In this study,320 counties in the black soil region of Northeast China(BSRNC)represent the research units used to construct the CQE system measuring the soil properties(SP),cultivated land productivity(CLP),ecological environment(EE)and social economy(SE).The total of 19 factors were selected to calculate the integrated fertility index(IFI)and divided into grades.Simultaneously,we used the coupling coordination degree model to comprehensively analyze the spatial pattern of the cultivated land quality(CLQ)in the BSRNC,and use the structural equation model(SEM)to analyze the driving mechanism.The results show the following:1)The CLQ of 262 counties in the BSRNC is in a state of coupling and coordination,and the coupling and coordination degree presents a spatial distribution pattern of‘high in the southwest and northeast,low in the northwest and southeast’.The coordinated development degree of 271 counties is between 0.4 and 0.6,which is in a transitional state between coordination and disorder.2)The CLQ in the BSRNC is generally good,with an average grade of 3.High-quality cultivated land accounts for 58.45%of all counties,middle-and upper-quality cultivated land accounts for 27.05%,and poor-quality cultivated land accounts for 14.49%.3)The SEM analysis shows that the SP,CLP,EE,and SE all influence the CLQ.Among them,the SP has the largest driving force on the CLQ,while the SE has the smallest driving force on it.The results confirm that the main factors affecting the evaluation results are crop productivity level,normalized difference vegetation index,ratio vegetation index,difference vegetation index,and organic carbon content.When implementing protection measures in counties with a low CLQ,considering a balanced coordination of multiple systems and reasonably controlling the quality degradation are important.This study provides the current situation and driving factors of the CLQ in the BSRNC and will play an important role in black soil governance and utilization. 展开更多
关键词 cultivated land quality evaluation(CQE) black soil region of Northeast China(BSRNC) coupling coordination degree model structural equation model(SEM) driving forces
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Milling Force Model for Aviation Aluminum Alloy: Academic Insight and Perspective Analysis 被引量:14
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作者 Zhenjing Duan Changhe Li +13 位作者 Wenfeng Ding Yanbin Zhang Min Yang Teng Gao Huajun Cao Xuefeng Xu Dazhong Wang Cong Mao Hao Nan Li Gupta Munish Kumar Zafar Said Sujan Debnath Muhammad Jamil Hafiz Muhammad Ali 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第1期54-88,共35页
Aluminum alloy is the main structural material of aircraft,launch vehicle,spaceship,and space station and is processed by milling.However,tool wear and vibration are the bottlenecks in the milling process of aviation ... Aluminum alloy is the main structural material of aircraft,launch vehicle,spaceship,and space station and is processed by milling.However,tool wear and vibration are the bottlenecks in the milling process of aviation aluminum alloy.The machining accuracy and surface quality of aluminum alloy milling depend on the cutting parameters,material mechanical properties,machine tools,and other parameters.In particular,milling force is the crucial factor to determine material removal and workpiece surface integrity.However,establishing the prediction model of milling force is important and difficult because milling force is the result of multiparameter coupling of process system.The research progress of cutting force model is reviewed from three modeling methods:empirical model,finite element simulation,and instantaneous milling force model.The problems of cutting force modeling are also determined.In view of these problems,the future work direction is proposed in the following four aspects:(1)high-speed milling is adopted for the thin-walled structure of large aviation with large cutting depth,which easily produces high residual stress.The residual stress should be analyzed under this particular condition.(2)Multiple factors(e.g.,eccentric swing milling parameters,lubrication conditions,tools,tool and workpiece deformation,and size effect)should be considered comprehensively when modeling instantaneous milling forces,especially for micro milling and complex surface machining.(3)The database of milling force model,including the corresponding workpiece materials,working condition,cutting tools(geometric figures and coatings),and other parameters,should be established.(4)The effect of chatter on the prediction accuracy of milling force cannot be ignored in thin-walled workpiece milling.(5)The cutting force of aviation aluminum alloy milling under the condition of minimum quantity lubrication(mql)and nanofluid mql should be predicted. 展开更多
关键词 MILLING Aluminum alloy force model Empirical model Finite element model Instantaneous milling force model
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Improved social force model based on exit selection for microscopic pedestrian simulation in subway station 被引量:4
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作者 郑勋 李海鹰 +2 位作者 孟令云 许心越 陈旭 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第11期4490-4497,共8页
An improved social force model based on exit selection is proposed to simulate pedestrians' microscopic behaviors in subway station. The modification lies in considering three factors of spatial distance, occupant... An improved social force model based on exit selection is proposed to simulate pedestrians' microscopic behaviors in subway station. The modification lies in considering three factors of spatial distance, occupant density and exit width. In addition, the problem of pedestrians selecting exit frequently is solved as follows: not changing to other exits in the affected area of one exit, using the probability of remaining preceding exit and invoking function of exit selection after several simulation steps. Pedestrians in subway station have some special characteristics, such as explicit destinations, different familiarities with subway station. Finally, Beijing Zoo Subway Station is taken as an example and the feasibility of the model results is verified through the comparison of the actual data and simulation data. The simulation results show that the improved model can depict the microscopic behaviors of pedestrians in subway station. 展开更多
关键词 EXIT SELECTION SOCIAL force model EXIT WIDTH micro
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Establishment and validation of standardized animal models of spinal cord injury by normal external force-caused fracture dislocation 被引量:6
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作者 Weibing Shuang Qiang Liu +1 位作者 Shoubin Jiao Yang Yang 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第35期2732-2738,共7页
The duplication of animal models plays a key role in spinal cord injury research; however, there has been limited study into normal, external force-derived fracture dislocation. This study adopted experimental devices... The duplication of animal models plays a key role in spinal cord injury research; however, there has been limited study into normal, external force-derived fracture dislocation. This study adopted experimental devices, designed in-house, to construct standardized ventral and dorsal spinal cord injury animal models of 6 g and 17 g falling from a height of 2, 4, and 10 cm, and 15, 30 or 50 g transversal compression on the spinal cord. The results showed that gradual increases in the degree of histopathological injury led to decreased Tarlov and Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores for the behavioral test, and increased Ashworth scores for the hind limb. Furthermore, there was a gradual decline in the slope test in the rats with dorsal spinal cord injury that correlated to increases in the falling substance weight or falling height. Similar alterations were observed in the ventral spinal cord injured rats, proportional to the increase in compression weight. Our experimental findings indicate that the standardized experimental rat models of dorsal and ventral spinal cord injury are stable, reliable and reproducible. 展开更多
关键词 spinal cord injury spinal cord compression animal models external force fracture dislocation behavior HISTOPATHOLOGY
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Analysis of Major Driving Forces of Ecological Footprint Based on the STRIPAT Model and RR Method:A Case of Sichuan Province,Southwest China 被引量:6
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作者 TANG Wei ZHONG Xianghao LIU Shaoquan 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2011年第4期611-618,共8页
The Ecological Footprint(EF) equation provides useful accounting to analyze the relationship between human activities and the environment.Knowledge of the specific forces driving EF is not fully understood but the STI... The Ecological Footprint(EF) equation provides useful accounting to analyze the relationship between human activities and the environment.Knowledge of the specific forces driving EF is not fully understood but the STIRPAT model provides a simple framework for decomposing the impact of human activities on environment.We applied the EF model in Sichuan Province,China to assess the impact of human activities.The per capita EF increased by 2 fold in the 14 years between 1995 and 2008,but ecological capacity decreased in the same period,suggesting that the biologically productive area of Sichuan Province is inadequate to sustain human activities.According to the refined STIRPAT model,the hypothesized driving forces of EF include population size(P),GDP per capita(A1),quadratic term of GDP per capita(A2),percentage of GDP from industry(T1) and urbanization rate(T2).However,the multi-collinearity among these drivers could be a substantial problem which may reveal negative effect in the final results.Application of the Ridge Regression(RR) method to fit the STIRPAT model had the advantage of being able to avoid the collinearity among independent variables.The results showed that population is the principal driving force of EF variation in Sichuan Province and that urbanization and industrialization also have a positive association with the EF.Analysis of affluence elasticity(EEA) showed that the relationship betweenEF and economic growth was not curvilinear,suggesting that variation of EF does not follow an Environmental Kuznets Curve relative to economic growth in Sichuan Province. 展开更多
关键词 Ecological footprint STIRTPAT model Ridge Regression Major driving forces Sichuan Province China
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Driving Force Model for Non-pneumatic Elastic Wheel 被引量:3
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作者 Li Bo Zhao Youqun +3 位作者 Zang Liguo Bei Shaoyi Fu Hongxun Zhang Lanchun 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI CSCD 2016年第2期231-236,共6页
In order to obtain good driving performance,a driving force model is presented for non-pneumatic elastic wheel.Brush model of pneumatic tyres is introduced and the deformations of elastic supports and tread are also t... In order to obtain good driving performance,a driving force model is presented for non-pneumatic elastic wheel.Brush model of pneumatic tyres is introduced and the deformations of elastic supports and tread are also taken into account.The longitudinal slip rate is redefined.The grounding pressure distribution of elastic wheels is analyzed and corrected according to speed,temperature and stiffness.Then rolling resistance equation is developed.Finally,simulation is conducted by software CarSim,and the results show that the estimated values are consistent with simulation values,especially at low longitudinal slip rate.The research can help to optimize design of non-pneumatic elastic wheel. 展开更多
关键词 driving force non-pneumatic ELASTIC WHEEL BRUSH model rolling resistance
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