Three new vortioxexine （VOT） salts with salicylic acid （SA）, 5-fluorouracil （FU） and （p-nitrophenyl）-acetic acid （PA） have been synthesized and characterized in detail. In VOT-SA（1：1）, the protonated VOT ...Three new vortioxexine （VOT） salts with salicylic acid （SA）, 5-fluorouracil （FU） and （p-nitrophenyl）-acetic acid （PA） have been synthesized and characterized in detail. In VOT-SA（1：1）, the protonated VOT and deprotonated salicylic anion form a tetrameric unit with the R4 4（12） synthon via N（1）–H（1）…O（1）^a （a： x–1, y, z） and N（1）–H（2）…O（2）^b （b： –x, –y, –z＋1） hydrogen bonds. However, in VOT–FU（1：2）, the protonated VOT and deprotonated 5-fluorouracil anion feature an R4 4（16） ring motif via N（1）–H（1）…O（2）^c （c： –x＋1, –y＋1, –z＋1） and N（1）– H（2）…O（1）^d （d： x, y–1, z） hydrogen bonds. The neutral FU extends the R4 4（16） ring to form a two-dimensional structure through R2 2（8） N–H…O and N（6）–H（4）…N（4）……e （e： –x＋1, y–1/2, –z＋1/2） hydrogen bonds. In VOT-PA（1：1）, PA molecules are linked through N（1）–H（1）…O（1）f （f： –x＋1, y＋1/2, –z＋1） and N（1）–H（2）…O（2）, which forms a right-handed helical structure. Furthermore, components of the crystalline phase have also been investigated in terms of their corresponding Hirshfeld surface, and the salification improves the equilibrium solubilities and dissolution rates of VOT in three salts at 25 ℃ in water.展开更多
Major depressive disorder, a common debilitating illness, is one of the leading causes of disability and disease worldwide. Different drugs for the treatment of patients with major depression can be used. Vortioxetine...Major depressive disorder, a common debilitating illness, is one of the leading causes of disability and disease worldwide. Different drugs for the treatment of patients with major depression can be used. Vortioxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013. This study aimed to evaluation efficacy and safety Vortioxetine 20 mg/d compared placebo in major depressive disorder. To conduct this study, we searched Pub Med, Cochrane library, Scopus, and Central Register of Controlled Trials. This study by including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated this study by including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated Vortioxetine 20 mg/d in patients with major depressive disorder. Data analysis was conducted by standard mean different ratios (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), P values and odds ratios (ORs) for adverse events with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and P values;heterogeneity testing and sensitivity analysis was also performed in this study. We found that 4 articles met the inclusion criteria and were finally used for this meta-analysis. Results showed statistical significance in the MADRS (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale), SMD = -4.75 with 95% CI [-6.84, -2.65] and P value < 0.00001), for Clinical Global Impression Scale-Improvement (CGI-I) SMD was -4.34 with 95% CI [-6.41, -2.27] and P value < 0.00001, and for Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) SMD was -2.62 with 95% CI [-3.99, -1.25] and P value < 0.00001. The pooled analysis for safety demonstrated for diarrhea OR = 0.92 with 95% CI [0.46, 1.83] , P value = 0.09, for dry mouth OR = 1.74 with 95% CI [1.07, 2.83] , P value = 0.80, for dizziness OR = 1.62 with 95% CI [0.72, 3.66] , P value = 0.05, for fatigue OR = 1.17 with 95% CI [0.34, 4.08], P value = 0.07, for headache OR = 1.28 with 95% CI [0.91, 1.79], P value = 0.60 and for nausea OR = 4.78 with 95% CI [3.43, 6.67], P value = 0.61. Vortioxetine 20 mg/d versus placebo showed a significant difference for nausea and dry mouth, but no significant differences were observed for the four adverse effects. In several studies of the drug Vortioxetine 20 mg/d, the treatment of major depressive illness has been more effective for evaluating the effectiveness of this drug, which must be more clinical studies of sound.展开更多
Background: Major depressive disorder is a serious public health problem affecting the lives of millions in the worldwide and leading causes of disability and disease. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and saf...Background: Major depressive disorder is a serious public health problem affecting the lives of millions in the worldwide and leading causes of disability and disease. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Vortioxetine and Duloxetine 60 mg compared to placebo for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Method: We searched the Cochrane library, Pub Med, CRD, Scopus, and Central Register of Controlled Trials to January 2015. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov, International depressive disorder Conference and the Anxiety Disorders and Depression Conference. We identified that five randomized clinical trials were ultimately included in a Meta analysis. Data analysis was conducted by Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) for Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and Odds Ratio (OR) for adverse events. The SMD and OR reported by 95% CI. Results: Results showed statistical significance in the MADRS for Vortioxetine (SMD = ﹣3.29;95% CI ﹣4.47 to ﹣2.10;I2 = 99.3%) and for Duloxetine 60 mg (SMD = ﹣6.35;95% CI ﹣8.84, ﹣3.87;I2 = 99.3%). Results showed that the Vortioxetine 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg and overall compared to placebo showed a significance for Nausea and no significance for diarrhea, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue and headache. Also results of Duloxetine 60 mg showed a significant effect for dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue and nausea. Conclusion: It is necessary to do more studies so as to better assess and much more powerful than the evidence for the use of this drug in the treatment of depression.展开更多
Major depressive disorder(MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder with an estimated lifetime prevalence rate in the range of 13% to 16% in the United States population. Patients with MDD often have symptoms such as depr...Major depressive disorder(MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder with an estimated lifetime prevalence rate in the range of 13% to 16% in the United States population. Patients with MDD often have symptoms such as depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities, changes in eating or sleeping patterns, fatigue, difficulty concentrating and thoughts of suicide. Although many pharmacotherapy treatment options are available for MDD, antidepressants can oftencause adverse effects that could affect adherence to the medication. Additionally, it is estimated that MDD is unremitting in 15% of patients and 35% can have recurrent episodes. Given the high rate of recurrence and the adverse effects associated with existing medications, new treatment options for depression are needed. Both levomilnacipran and vortioxetine are new antidepressants that were approved by the food and drug administration in 2013 for the treatment of MDD in adults. Levomilnacipran is a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that was effective in several short term studies and sustained efficacy and tolerability was demonstrated in a 48-wk extension study. Vortioxetine is a multi-modal antidepressant and it is thought to work via inhibition of the serotonin(5-HT) transporter, 5-HT3 A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1 D antagonist, a 5-HT1 B partial agonist, and a 5-HT1 A agonist. Vortioxetine was effective in the treatment of MDD in both short-term trials as well as in the prevention of relapse in a 24-36 wk trial. Sustained efficacy and tolerability was demonstrated in several long-term open-label trials. Further studies comparing levomilnacipran and vortioxetine to other currently available antidepressants are needed to establish its place in therapy.展开更多
<p> <strong>Short Retraction Notice</strong> </p> <p> The paper does not meet the standards of "American Journal of Analytical Chemistry". The article has been retracted d...<p> <strong>Short Retraction Notice</strong> </p> <p> The paper does not meet the standards of "American Journal of Analytical Chemistry". The article has been retracted due to the conflicts of interests between all authors to straighten the academic record. Aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused. The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper, which is marked "RETRACTED". </p>展开更多
A novel method of preparing pyruvate from DL-lactate catalyzed by enzymes from a bacterial strain of Pseudomonas sp. SM-6 was proposed. Catalytic processes of cell-free extract enzymes and immobilized enzymes were ev...A novel method of preparing pyruvate from DL-lactate catalyzed by enzymes from a bacterial strain of Pseudomonas sp. SM-6 was proposed. Catalytic processes of cell-free extract enzymes and immobilized enzymes were evaluated. The kinetic data were studied, too.展开更多
抑郁症作为常见精神障碍,患病率高、复发率高、自杀率高、疾病负担重,临床主要表现为情绪低落、兴趣减退、快感缺乏,认知功能损害等症状。近年来抑郁症的认知功能损害症状受到广泛关注。认知损害不仅存在于抑郁症急性期,而且还可以作为...抑郁症作为常见精神障碍,患病率高、复发率高、自杀率高、疾病负担重,临床主要表现为情绪低落、兴趣减退、快感缺乏,认知功能损害等症状。近年来抑郁症的认知功能损害症状受到广泛关注。认知损害不仅存在于抑郁症急性期,而且还可以作为残留症状持续至缓解期,残留的认知障碍是导致抑郁症复发的最主要因素之一,所以迫切需要既能改善抑郁情绪又能改善认知损害的药物。2017年在中国上市的伏硫西汀是一种多模式新型抗抑郁药,在改善抑郁的同时可以改善认知症状,还可以调节血浆及脑内脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neu rotrophic factor,BDNF)的水平上升高。本文旨对近年伏硫西汀对抑郁症的疗效、认知功能和对BDNF影响的研究进展进行综述。展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Department of Science and Technology(2012A080800002 and 2015A020211005)
文摘Three new vortioxexine （VOT） salts with salicylic acid （SA）, 5-fluorouracil （FU） and （p-nitrophenyl）-acetic acid （PA） have been synthesized and characterized in detail. In VOT-SA（1：1）, the protonated VOT and deprotonated salicylic anion form a tetrameric unit with the R4 4（12） synthon via N（1）–H（1）…O（1）^a （a： x–1, y, z） and N（1）–H（2）…O（2）^b （b： –x, –y, –z＋1） hydrogen bonds. However, in VOT–FU（1：2）, the protonated VOT and deprotonated 5-fluorouracil anion feature an R4 4（16） ring motif via N（1）–H（1）…O（2）^c （c： –x＋1, –y＋1, –z＋1） and N（1）– H（2）…O（1）^d （d： x, y–1, z） hydrogen bonds. The neutral FU extends the R4 4（16） ring to form a two-dimensional structure through R2 2（8） N–H…O and N（6）–H（4）…N（4）……e （e： –x＋1, y–1/2, –z＋1/2） hydrogen bonds. In VOT-PA（1：1）, PA molecules are linked through N（1）–H（1）…O（1）f （f： –x＋1, y＋1/2, –z＋1） and N（1）–H（2）…O（2）, which forms a right-handed helical structure. Furthermore, components of the crystalline phase have also been investigated in terms of their corresponding Hirshfeld surface, and the salification improves the equilibrium solubilities and dissolution rates of VOT in three salts at 25 ℃ in water.
文摘Major depressive disorder, a common debilitating illness, is one of the leading causes of disability and disease worldwide. Different drugs for the treatment of patients with major depression can be used. Vortioxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013. This study aimed to evaluation efficacy and safety Vortioxetine 20 mg/d compared placebo in major depressive disorder. To conduct this study, we searched Pub Med, Cochrane library, Scopus, and Central Register of Controlled Trials. This study by including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated this study by including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated Vortioxetine 20 mg/d in patients with major depressive disorder. Data analysis was conducted by standard mean different ratios (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), P values and odds ratios (ORs) for adverse events with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and P values;heterogeneity testing and sensitivity analysis was also performed in this study. We found that 4 articles met the inclusion criteria and were finally used for this meta-analysis. Results showed statistical significance in the MADRS (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale), SMD = -4.75 with 95% CI [-6.84, -2.65] and P value < 0.00001), for Clinical Global Impression Scale-Improvement (CGI-I) SMD was -4.34 with 95% CI [-6.41, -2.27] and P value < 0.00001, and for Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) SMD was -2.62 with 95% CI [-3.99, -1.25] and P value < 0.00001. The pooled analysis for safety demonstrated for diarrhea OR = 0.92 with 95% CI [0.46, 1.83] , P value = 0.09, for dry mouth OR = 1.74 with 95% CI [1.07, 2.83] , P value = 0.80, for dizziness OR = 1.62 with 95% CI [0.72, 3.66] , P value = 0.05, for fatigue OR = 1.17 with 95% CI [0.34, 4.08], P value = 0.07, for headache OR = 1.28 with 95% CI [0.91, 1.79], P value = 0.60 and for nausea OR = 4.78 with 95% CI [3.43, 6.67], P value = 0.61. Vortioxetine 20 mg/d versus placebo showed a significant difference for nausea and dry mouth, but no significant differences were observed for the four adverse effects. In several studies of the drug Vortioxetine 20 mg/d, the treatment of major depressive illness has been more effective for evaluating the effectiveness of this drug, which must be more clinical studies of sound.
文摘Background: Major depressive disorder is a serious public health problem affecting the lives of millions in the worldwide and leading causes of disability and disease. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Vortioxetine and Duloxetine 60 mg compared to placebo for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Method: We searched the Cochrane library, Pub Med, CRD, Scopus, and Central Register of Controlled Trials to January 2015. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov, International depressive disorder Conference and the Anxiety Disorders and Depression Conference. We identified that five randomized clinical trials were ultimately included in a Meta analysis. Data analysis was conducted by Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) for Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and Odds Ratio (OR) for adverse events. The SMD and OR reported by 95% CI. Results: Results showed statistical significance in the MADRS for Vortioxetine (SMD = ﹣3.29;95% CI ﹣4.47 to ﹣2.10;I2 = 99.3%) and for Duloxetine 60 mg (SMD = ﹣6.35;95% CI ﹣8.84, ﹣3.87;I2 = 99.3%). Results showed that the Vortioxetine 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg and overall compared to placebo showed a significance for Nausea and no significance for diarrhea, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue and headache. Also results of Duloxetine 60 mg showed a significant effect for dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue and nausea. Conclusion: It is necessary to do more studies so as to better assess and much more powerful than the evidence for the use of this drug in the treatment of depression.
文摘Major depressive disorder(MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder with an estimated lifetime prevalence rate in the range of 13% to 16% in the United States population. Patients with MDD often have symptoms such as depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities, changes in eating or sleeping patterns, fatigue, difficulty concentrating and thoughts of suicide. Although many pharmacotherapy treatment options are available for MDD, antidepressants can oftencause adverse effects that could affect adherence to the medication. Additionally, it is estimated that MDD is unremitting in 15% of patients and 35% can have recurrent episodes. Given the high rate of recurrence and the adverse effects associated with existing medications, new treatment options for depression are needed. Both levomilnacipran and vortioxetine are new antidepressants that were approved by the food and drug administration in 2013 for the treatment of MDD in adults. Levomilnacipran is a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that was effective in several short term studies and sustained efficacy and tolerability was demonstrated in a 48-wk extension study. Vortioxetine is a multi-modal antidepressant and it is thought to work via inhibition of the serotonin(5-HT) transporter, 5-HT3 A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1 D antagonist, a 5-HT1 B partial agonist, and a 5-HT1 A agonist. Vortioxetine was effective in the treatment of MDD in both short-term trials as well as in the prevention of relapse in a 24-36 wk trial. Sustained efficacy and tolerability was demonstrated in several long-term open-label trials. Further studies comparing levomilnacipran and vortioxetine to other currently available antidepressants are needed to establish its place in therapy.
文摘<p> <strong>Short Retraction Notice</strong> </p> <p> The paper does not meet the standards of "American Journal of Analytical Chemistry". The article has been retracted due to the conflicts of interests between all authors to straighten the academic record. Aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused. The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper, which is marked "RETRACTED". </p>
文摘A novel method of preparing pyruvate from DL-lactate catalyzed by enzymes from a bacterial strain of Pseudomonas sp. SM-6 was proposed. Catalytic processes of cell-free extract enzymes and immobilized enzymes were evaluated. The kinetic data were studied, too.
文摘抑郁症作为常见精神障碍,患病率高、复发率高、自杀率高、疾病负担重,临床主要表现为情绪低落、兴趣减退、快感缺乏,认知功能损害等症状。近年来抑郁症的认知功能损害症状受到广泛关注。认知损害不仅存在于抑郁症急性期,而且还可以作为残留症状持续至缓解期,残留的认知障碍是导致抑郁症复发的最主要因素之一,所以迫切需要既能改善抑郁情绪又能改善认知损害的药物。2017年在中国上市的伏硫西汀是一种多模式新型抗抑郁药,在改善抑郁的同时可以改善认知症状,还可以调节血浆及脑内脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neu rotrophic factor,BDNF)的水平上升高。本文旨对近年伏硫西汀对抑郁症的疗效、认知功能和对BDNF影响的研究进展进行综述。
