The paper introduces the cardinal vowels system invented by the famous English phonetician Daniel Jones.This system enables a teacher to describe to his students a foreign vowel by comparing it with the nearest vowel ...The paper introduces the cardinal vowels system invented by the famous English phonetician Daniel Jones.This system enables a teacher to describe to his students a foreign vowel by comparing it with the nearest vowel in his mother tongue,which makes the learning of a foreign sound much easier to his students.Two cases of teaching Chinese students English vowels are taken as an example to illustrate the point.IPA cardinal vowel system is of use in terms of teaching and learning English.Two suggestions are put forward in the end.展开更多
目的探究嗓音障碍患者的元音声学特征,以及普通话体系下的元音空间面积(vowel space area,VSA)合理的施测方式和语料。方法招募年龄和性别相匹配的嗓音障碍患者和正常健康对照组受试者各20例,在不同语料(单个元音/a/、/i/、/u/、/o/、/e...目的探究嗓音障碍患者的元音声学特征,以及普通话体系下的元音空间面积(vowel space area,VSA)合理的施测方式和语料。方法招募年龄和性别相匹配的嗓音障碍患者和正常健康对照组受试者各20例,在不同语料(单个元音/a/、/i/、/u/、/o/、/e/和长句)以及不同元音顶点个数(3个、4个、5个)下的VSA进行差异分析。结果嗓音障碍组与正常组之间在单元音和长句语料下VSA都有极显著差异,但两种语料类型间VSA差异不显著,两种语料均可用于VSA的测量。4个元音顶点与3个元音顶点及5个元音顶点下的VSA差异极显著,选择5个元音用于普通话体系下VSA的测量更加合适。结论嗓音障碍患者的元音发音较正常人清晰度下降。在普通话体系下采用5个元音顶点测量VSA相对较精准,更能测得口腔的运动能力。单个元音和连续语音两种语料均适用于VSA的测量。展开更多
While Bronze Age Proto-Sinaic and Proto-Canaanite syllabic inscriptions were found engraved on fragments of pottery and stone,evidence of early alphabetic script was also inscribed in ink onto a massive parchment scro...While Bronze Age Proto-Sinaic and Proto-Canaanite syllabic inscriptions were found engraved on fragments of pottery and stone,evidence of early alphabetic script was also inscribed in ink onto a massive parchment scroll,known as the Torah.Albeit the contours of those original characters transformed over time,it took the clairvoyant genius of Moses,and later the scribes of Ancient Israel,to configure and adapt ancient semitic prototypes into phonetic letters,producing the greatest literary document in the history of the world,the Bible.This article summarizes the acoustic properties of that alphabet,with further historical considerations.展开更多
目的探讨神经性言语障碍患者单、复韵母构音运动的声学特征。方法在上海市多家医院收集24例40~81岁的神经性言语障碍患者(患者组),在上海市社区收集24例40~80岁的健康成人(对照组),从两组跟读含有不同韵母的语音样本中,提取单韵母/a/、...目的探讨神经性言语障碍患者单、复韵母构音运动的声学特征。方法在上海市多家医院收集24例40~81岁的神经性言语障碍患者(患者组),在上海市社区收集24例40~80岁的健康成人(对照组),从两组跟读含有不同韵母的语音样本中,提取单韵母/a/、/i/、/u/的第一、二共振峰(F1、F2),并计算出下颌距、舌距、元音空间面积(vowel space area,VSA)、元音清晰度指数(vowel articulation index,VAI);提取复韵母/ai/、/ua/、/uai/的第二共振峰并计算其斜率,比较不同语料任务下两组受试者的声学指标。结果单韵母任务下,患者组/a/的F1、/i/的F2、下颌距、舌距、VSA、VAI极显著小于正常对照组(P<0.01),/u/的F2极显著大于正常对照组(P<0.01);复韵母任务下,患者组/ai/、/ua/、/uai/的F2斜率均显著小于正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论神经性言语障碍患者单韵母构音运动范围减小,运动位置呈现集中趋势;复韵母构音运动速度减慢。展开更多
本文借助超声仪采集了藏语安多方言元音的生理语音数据,系统分析了安多方言元音的动态舌位和稳定段的静态舌位,以及声学共振峰数据。实验结果显示,在舌位运动过程中确实存在一个稳定阶段,此阶段各帧数据间的差异都较小,将该阶段的舌位...本文借助超声仪采集了藏语安多方言元音的生理语音数据,系统分析了安多方言元音的动态舌位和稳定段的静态舌位,以及声学共振峰数据。实验结果显示,在舌位运动过程中确实存在一个稳定阶段,此阶段各帧数据间的差异都较小,将该阶段的舌位特征与古藏语相比,发现安多方言元音系统已经产生了一定的变化,即元音舌位由低到高依次为/a/、/i, u, o/、/e/,舌位由前到后分别为/e/、/i, u, a/、/o/,其中元音/i/和/u/央化并产生了新的音位变体。最后我们从空间域角度对安多方言元音的舌体音姿进行了总体描述。明确了元音在生理特征与声学特征上具有统一性,这对藏语不同方言之间的发音差异和共性研究均有一定的理论意义和参考价值。展开更多
文摘The paper introduces the cardinal vowels system invented by the famous English phonetician Daniel Jones.This system enables a teacher to describe to his students a foreign vowel by comparing it with the nearest vowel in his mother tongue,which makes the learning of a foreign sound much easier to his students.Two cases of teaching Chinese students English vowels are taken as an example to illustrate the point.IPA cardinal vowel system is of use in terms of teaching and learning English.Two suggestions are put forward in the end.
文摘目的探究嗓音障碍患者的元音声学特征,以及普通话体系下的元音空间面积(vowel space area,VSA)合理的施测方式和语料。方法招募年龄和性别相匹配的嗓音障碍患者和正常健康对照组受试者各20例,在不同语料(单个元音/a/、/i/、/u/、/o/、/e/和长句)以及不同元音顶点个数(3个、4个、5个)下的VSA进行差异分析。结果嗓音障碍组与正常组之间在单元音和长句语料下VSA都有极显著差异,但两种语料类型间VSA差异不显著,两种语料均可用于VSA的测量。4个元音顶点与3个元音顶点及5个元音顶点下的VSA差异极显著,选择5个元音用于普通话体系下VSA的测量更加合适。结论嗓音障碍患者的元音发音较正常人清晰度下降。在普通话体系下采用5个元音顶点测量VSA相对较精准,更能测得口腔的运动能力。单个元音和连续语音两种语料均适用于VSA的测量。
文摘While Bronze Age Proto-Sinaic and Proto-Canaanite syllabic inscriptions were found engraved on fragments of pottery and stone,evidence of early alphabetic script was also inscribed in ink onto a massive parchment scroll,known as the Torah.Albeit the contours of those original characters transformed over time,it took the clairvoyant genius of Moses,and later the scribes of Ancient Israel,to configure and adapt ancient semitic prototypes into phonetic letters,producing the greatest literary document in the history of the world,the Bible.This article summarizes the acoustic properties of that alphabet,with further historical considerations.
文摘目的探讨神经性言语障碍患者单、复韵母构音运动的声学特征。方法在上海市多家医院收集24例40~81岁的神经性言语障碍患者(患者组),在上海市社区收集24例40~80岁的健康成人(对照组),从两组跟读含有不同韵母的语音样本中,提取单韵母/a/、/i/、/u/的第一、二共振峰(F1、F2),并计算出下颌距、舌距、元音空间面积(vowel space area,VSA)、元音清晰度指数(vowel articulation index,VAI);提取复韵母/ai/、/ua/、/uai/的第二共振峰并计算其斜率,比较不同语料任务下两组受试者的声学指标。结果单韵母任务下,患者组/a/的F1、/i/的F2、下颌距、舌距、VSA、VAI极显著小于正常对照组(P<0.01),/u/的F2极显著大于正常对照组(P<0.01);复韵母任务下,患者组/ai/、/ua/、/uai/的F2斜率均显著小于正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论神经性言语障碍患者单韵母构音运动范围减小,运动位置呈现集中趋势;复韵母构音运动速度减慢。
文摘本文借助超声仪采集了藏语安多方言元音的生理语音数据,系统分析了安多方言元音的动态舌位和稳定段的静态舌位,以及声学共振峰数据。实验结果显示,在舌位运动过程中确实存在一个稳定阶段,此阶段各帧数据间的差异都较小,将该阶段的舌位特征与古藏语相比,发现安多方言元音系统已经产生了一定的变化,即元音舌位由低到高依次为/a/、/i, u, o/、/e/,舌位由前到后分别为/e/、/i, u, a/、/o/,其中元音/i/和/u/央化并产生了新的音位变体。最后我们从空间域角度对安多方言元音的舌体音姿进行了总体描述。明确了元音在生理特征与声学特征上具有统一性,这对藏语不同方言之间的发音差异和共性研究均有一定的理论意义和参考价值。
