Digital measuring the ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig eye in vivo with Python

AIM:To quantitatively measure ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig with Python technology.METHODS:Thirty-six eyeballs of eighteen 3-weekold guinea pigs were measured with keratometer and photographed to obtain the horizontal,coronal,and sagittal planes respectively.The corresponding photo pixels-actual length ratio was acquired by a proportional scale.The edge coordinates were identified artificially by ginput function.Circle and conic curve fitting were applied to fit the contour of the eyeball in the sagittal,coronal and horizontal view.The curvature,curvature radius,eccentricity,tilt angle,corneal diameter,and binocular separation angle were calculated according to the geometric principles.Next,the eyeballs were removed,canny edge detection was applied to identify the contour of eyeball in vitro.The results were compared between in vivo and in vitro.RESULTS:Regarding the corneal curvature and curvature radius on the horizontal and sagittal planes,no significant differences were observed among results in vivo,in vitro,and the keratometer.The horizontal and vertical binocular separation angles were 130.6°±6.39°and 129.8°±9.58°respectively.For the corneal curvature radius and eccentricity in vivo,significant differences were observed between horizontal and vertical planes.CONCLUSION:The Graphical interface window of Python makes up the deficiency of edge detection,which requires too much definition in Matlab.There are significant differences between guinea pig and human beings,such as exotropic eye position,oblique oval eyeball,and obvious discrepancy of binoculus.This study helps evaluate objectively the ocular morphological parameters of small experimental animals in emmetropization research.

Morphological Measurement and Analysis of Gymnarchus Niloticus

Gyrnnarchus niloticus swims by undulations of a long-based dorsal fin, while its body axis is in many cases held straight during swimming. This paper provides a brief relevant introduction to Gyrnnarchus niloticus, which belongs to the African freshwater electric eels but can inspire our bionic interests in propulsion besides its abilities in electric sensing. A special larva of Gyrnnarchus niloticus was morphologically measured by photographing it with a piece of scale-calibrated paper as the background. Then we analyzed the data by a CFD-aided approach. Detailed flow patterns around the larva and a NACA0012 hydrofoil were respectively calculated and visualized at the Reynolds number of 7350 or so. The results show that the profile of Gyrnnarchus niloticus is well streamlined.

THE MORPHOLOGICAL MEASURE OF THE TIBIAL MEDULLARY CAVITY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

Objective To provide morphological reference for the designing of the intramedullary nail fixation which suitable for Chinese by investigating the morphological characteristics of tibial medullary cavity. Methods The morphological parameters of the 113 normal adult tibiale were measured on the X-ray photographs with the image analysis software. Results The total lengths of tibial medullary cavities were 299.49±11.03 mm(male) and 274.60± 6.77 mm(female), and the lengths of the narrow part were 66.36±3.90 mm(male) and 51.57±3.92mm(female). The end-points of narrow part were about 29.9 mm(male) and 26.09 mm(female)below the midpoints of medullary cavities. The radians of the longitudinal axes of medullary cavities were 2.53±1.27°(male) and 2.57±1.16°(female). The proximal opening K were 9.47±2.71(male) and 8.59±2.46(female). The distal opening K were 8.21± 2.93(male)and 7.65±2.87(female). Conclusion The morphology of tibial medullary cavity, the characteristic variety of radian and the opening K were very important references for designing the Chinese intramedullary nail fixation.

Measurement of the surface morphology of plasma facing components on the EAST tokamak by a laser speckle interferometry approach

The laser speckle interferometry approach provides the possibility of an in situ optical noncontacted measurement for the surface morphology of plasma facing components(PFCs),and the reconstruction image of the PFC surface morphology is computed by a numerical model based on a phase unwrapping algorithm.A remote speckle interferometry measurement at a distance of three meters for real divertor tiles retired from EAST was carried out in the laboratory to simulate a real detection condition on EAST.The preliminary surface morphology of the divertor tiles was well reproduced by the reconstructed geometric image.The feasibility and reliability of this approach for the real-time measurement of PFCs have been demonstrated.

Polarized imaging dynamic light scattering for simultaneous measurement of nanoparticle size and morphology

The performance of nanoparticles is often affected by particle size and morphology.Currently,electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy is typically utilized to determine the size and morphology of nanoparticles.However,there are issues such as difficult sample preparation,long processing times,and challenges in quantitative characterization.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop a fast,accu-rate,and statistical method to measure the size and morphology of nanoparticles.In this study,a new method,called polarized imaging dynamic light scattering(PIDLS),is proposed.The nanoparticles are irradiated with a vertical linearly polarized laser beam,and a polarization camera collected the dynamic light scattering images of particles at four different polarization directions(0°,45°,90°,and 135°)at a scattering angle of 90°.The average particle size and distribution are obtained using the imaging dy-namic light scattering method at 0°polarization direction,and the morphology of the particles is ob-tained based on the depolarization patterns of the scattered light.The optical sphericityΦis defined based on the degree of linear polarization(DoLP).It is also implemented for the quantitative evaluation of the sphericity of the nanoparticles,including spherical,octahedral,nanoplate,nanorod,and linear ones.Together with the Poincarésphere parameterψ,the morphology of the nanoparticles can be roughly identified.In addition,PIDLS enables the measurement of particle size and morphology distributions simultaneously for evaluating the uniformity of particles.The effectiveness of PIDLS is verified by the measurement of five kinds of industrial titanium dioxide as well.

Image based measurements for evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements are essential for the diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse given the inaccuracy of clinical examination. However, MRI pelvic floor measurements are currently performed manually and can be inconsistent and time-consuming. In this paper, we present a scheme for semi-automatic measurement modeling on MRI based on image segmentation and intersecting point identification methods. The segmentation algorithm is a multi-stage mechanism based on block grouping, support vector machine classification, morphological operation and prior shape information. Block grouping is achieved by classifying blocks as bone or background based on image texture features. The classified blocks are then used to find the initial segmentation by the first phase morphological opening. Prior shape information is incorporated into the initial segmentation to obtain the final segmentation using registration with the similarity type transformation. After segmentation, points of reference that are used for pelvic floor measurements are identified using morphological skeleton operation. The experiments on the MRI images show that the presented scheme can detect the points of reference on the pelvic floor structure to determine the reference lines needed for the assessment of pelvic organ prolapse. This will lead towards more consistent and faster pelvic organ prolapse diagnosis on dynamic MRI studies, and possible screening procedures for predicting predisposition to pelvic organ prolapse by radiologic evaluation of pelvic floor measurements.

Morphological Variation in the Martinican Subspecies White-Breasted Thrasher (<i>Ramphocinclus brachyurus brachyurus</i>)

The White-breasted Thrasher (Ramphocinclus brachyurus) is the smallest passerine bird in the Mimids family. Ranked as “endangered” in the IUCN list, the demographic distribution of this species is spread unevenly across two islands in the Lesser Antilles. The Saint-Lucian subspecies, Ramphocinclus brachyurus sanctaeluciae, was estimated to number between 1200 and 1700 individuals, whereas the Martinique subspecies, Ramphocinclus brachyurus brachyurus, was estimated at between 200 and 400 individuals. As an endemic rare species with a high risk of extinction, the Martinique subspecies should be regarded as a conservation priority. The small size of the Martinique subspecies population, its restricted geographical range, and its narrow habitat tolerance make it quite difficult to study. The variability of morphological traits in this subspecies has not been biostatistically analyzed recently. In order to update knowledge and fill in any gaps, we have used the morphometric approach to study the morphological variability of the Martinique subspecies. The study site is a small peninsula located in the northeast of the island of Martinique (French West Indies) known as “la Caravelle”. We captured 63 White-breasted Thrashers which were marked, measured, and sexed before being released. We did not observe any significant differences between the sexes, signifying an absence of sexual dimorphism. However, we were able to observe a significant variation in morphological traits between individuals measured inside and outside the national protected area of Caravelle. The body mass-tarsus ratio was equal at both sampled sites, something which could potentially be a clue to the bird’s adaptation to different habitats.

面向情感疗愈的机器人萌形态研究

目的服务机器人逐渐应用于情感陪伴和情感疗愈,探寻萌形态机器人的情感疗愈机制,研究影响用户情感体验的机器人萌形态特征要素。方法解析萌形态语义并选取萌形态机器人样本,开展人机交互实验,测量用户在压力、静息,以及人机交互过程中的面部肌电信号(fEMG)、皮肤电信号(EDA)和心率变异性信号(HRV)。交互后邀请被试填写机器人萌体验主观量表。结论fEMG指标表明在压力刺激后与萌形态机器人交互能有效唤醒积极情绪,且机器人萌评分越高用户的积极情绪评分越高,EDA指标表明机器人萌评分越高被试情绪唤醒度也越高;同形态下机器人萌表情使被试HRV信号中的SDNN指标显著提高,同形态下柔软材质的触觉交互使被试HRV信号中的SDNN、VLF指标显著提高,相同动作交互下萌形态评分更高的机器人使被试EMG信号、EDA信号、HRV信号指标显著提高。最后,选取与萌体验具有相关性的生理指标,构建机器人萌体验与用户生理指标的关系模型,相较于BP神经网络,WOA优化BP神经网络建立的关系模型表现出更低的MSE值和更高的R2。

基于计算机辅助半自动测量的颅内动脉瘤形态学参数与动脉瘤破裂相关性分析

目的评估计算机辅助半自动测量的动脉瘤三维形态学参数与动脉瘤破裂风险的相关性。方法回顾性连续纳入2019年10月至2022年10月于首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科收治的破裂多发动脉瘤患者。采用计算机辅助半自动测量方法测量入组患者动脉瘤形态学参数(包括动脉瘤直径、最大径、宽度、瘤颈宽度、体积、入射角、载瘤动脉直径、表面积、波动指数、非球形指数),计算动脉瘤长宽比、宽颈比、纵横比和尺寸比,并记录动脉瘤位置信息。将多发动脉瘤中破裂责任动脉瘤纳入破裂组,其余动脉瘤纳入未破裂组。采用单因素分析及多因素二元Logistic分析评价破裂组和未破裂组形态学参数及动脉瘤位置信息的差异。结果56例破裂多发动脉瘤患者共126个动脉瘤纳入分析。在形态学方面,直径>5 mm[51.8%(29/56)比15.7%(11/70),P<0.01]、最大径>6 mm[57.1%(32/56)比25.7%(18/70),P<0.01]、入射角>107°[57.1%(32/56)比35.7%(25/70),P=0.016]、宽颈比>1.1[50.0%(28/56)比30.0%(21/70),P=0.022]、纵横比>1.1[46.4%(26/56)比25.7%(18/70),P=0.015]和尺寸比>1.9[57.1%(32/56)比10.0%(7/70),P<0.01]在破裂组与未破裂组之间差异均有统计学意义;在动脉瘤位置方面,破裂组动脉瘤主要位于颈内动脉后交通段[39.3%(22/56)]和大脑中动脉[23.2%(13/56)],而非破裂组动脉瘤主要位于大脑中动脉[28.6%(20/70)]和颈内动脉非后交通段[27.1%(19/70)],两组动脉瘤位置分布差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,尺寸比>1.9为动脉瘤破裂的独立危险因素(OR=11.62,95%CI:2.40~56.15;P=0.002)。在动脉瘤位置方面,颈内动脉后交通段动脉瘤的破裂风险高于颈内动脉非后交通段动脉瘤(OR=19.25,95%CI:2.19~169.51;P=0.008)。结论对于多发性颅内动脉瘤,动脉瘤的三维形态学参数中尺寸比>1.9是动脉瘤破裂的独立危险因素,颈内动脉后交通段动脉瘤的破裂风险明显高于颈内动脉非后交通段动脉瘤。

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患儿面部形态和舌骨位置的头影测量研究

目的分析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患儿面部形态和舌骨位置的头影测量指标结果。方法随机选取78例OSAS患儿纳入OSAS组,另选取未接受过耳鼻喉科、正畸或语言治疗的78名健康体检儿童纳入健康对照组。2组儿童均接受耳鼻喉科评估和头影测量,且OSAS组患儿接受夜间多导睡眠描记(PSG)检查。结果面部头影测量结果显示,OSAS组面部前高度(N-Me)、面部前下高度(ANS-Me)均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);OSAS组面部上前高度(N-ANS)、面部后部总高度(S-Go)与健康对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。舌骨测量结果显示,OSAS组舌骨点至下颌平面的垂直距离(HyS)、舌骨体之最前上方至第三颈椎之最前下点的线性距离(C3-H)、舌骨最前点(Dh-H)、舌骨最前点至腭平面的垂直距离(HyMP)、舌骨最后点(Dv-H)均大于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相较于健康儿童,OSAS患儿面部生长发育存在明显变化,表现为N-Me和ANS-Me增加,HyS、C3-H、HyMP、Dh-H、Dv-H增加。

基于激光视觉传感器的机械零件形貌检测方法

形貌检测一直机械零件加工的关键技术,当前机械零件形貌检测方法存在许多不足,形貌检测误差,耗时比较长,为了获得更加理想的机械零件形貌检测结果,设计了基于激光视觉传感器的机械零件形貌检测方法。首先研究机械零件形貌检测的研究现状,找到引起机械零件形貌检测效果差的原因,然后引入激光视觉传感器对机械零件图进行采集,并对原始图像进行去噪、均衡化处理,提取机械零件形貌检测特征,最后根据特征进行机械零件形貌检测,并进行了机械零件形貌检测仿真测试,结果表明,本方法对零件1的检测误差为3μm,对零件2的检测误差为5μm;对零件1的检测时间为7 ms,对零件2的检测时间为6.5 ms;有效减少了机械零件形貌检测误差,提高了机械零件形貌检测精度,具有更高的实际应用价值。

浮选颗粒条栅结构表面润湿行为特性研究

矿物颗粒间表面润湿性差异是浮选成功的关键,受表面化学性质与物理形貌结构的双重影响。为进一步明确表面物理形貌结构对液滴在矿物颗粒表面上润湿行为的影响,采用光刻显影技术制备了5种具有不同粗糙度系数和表面面积分数的条栅结构聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)表面,并利用自制的动/静态接触角测量系统及润湿三相接触线行为测试系统对液滴在PDMS表面上的润湿行为进行了测试。动/静态接触角测试结果表明:当表面粗糙度系数相同时,固体表面面积分数增加,条栅结构表面不同润湿方向上的接触角均呈减小趋势,而当表面面积分数相同时,条栅结构表面不同润湿方向上的接触角则与固体表面粗糙度系数呈正相关;此外,各样品表面垂直于条栅结构方向的动/静态接触角均大于平行方向(即θ_(⊥)>θ_(∥)),且不同润湿方向上接触角的差异随样品表面润湿性的增强而减小。动态接触角测试结果还表明:表面接触角滞后(Δθ=θ_(a)-θ_(r))与表面面积分数呈正相关,而与表面粗糙度系数呈负相关,且前进与后退接触角的预测值与试验值基本吻合,说明动态接触角能够真实地反映固体表面润湿性;此外,在液滴滚动时,其运动行为总是周期性地发生后端接触线先从固体表面分离,而后液滴重新与固体表面发生黏附形成新的前端接触线的过程,这种运动特性在不同条栅结构表面上完全相同。润湿三相接触线行为测试结果表明:液滴在条栅结构表面优先沿着条栅结构方向润湿或去润湿,而跨越条栅结构润湿时,受表面微结构的“钉扎”作用,润湿半径远小于平行润湿方向,且三相接触线在不同条栅结构表面的移动均呈现“解钉—钉扎—再解钉—再钉扎”的一种断续周期性过程。研究结果深化了矿物颗粒表面物理形貌结构对其润湿行为特性的影响,可为后续通过表面形貌调控颗粒表面润湿性起到一定的理论支撑作用。

基于NURBS曲面的小麦叶片三维重建

针对小麦叶片三维可视化不易实现的问题,通过NURBS曲面算法对小麦叶片进行三维重建。实测小麦叶片长度、叶片宽度、茎叶夹角、叶鞘长度、叶鞘直径等具体数据,通过主脉控制点算法计算叶片和叶鞘的主脉控制点信息,根据叶片宽度、叶鞘直径等信息计算出全部控制点信息,在visual studio中使用OpenGL构建小麦叶片三维模型。本研究算法得出的小麦叶片模型与真实小麦叶片有较高的相似度,较好地体现了叶片的弯曲度,真实地反映了作物叶片的形态信息。基于NURBS曲面的三维重建控制灵活、使用方便、计算简单,在作物的三维建模方面有较好的应用和参考价值。

未成年人骶骨形态与耻骨联合相对位置三维数字化测量及临床意义

目的三维数字化研究0~18岁人的骶骨形态与耻骨联合位置在不同年龄段及性别间的变化规律,为制定符合未成年人骶骨发育特征的摄影体位、优化骶骨X线图像及诊断提供参考。方法将收集到的0~18岁全腹部CT分为0~6岁、7~12岁、13~18岁3个年龄组,导入mimics21.0,利用三维数字化图像重组技术测量骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、骶1~2倾斜角(S_(1~2)T)、骶骨后凸角(sacral kyphosis,SK)、S_(2)椎体前缘与骶4尾1倾斜线夹角(α角)、S_(1)上终板与S_(2)椎体前缘夹角(β角)、S_(4)Co_(1)倾斜线与S_(1)上终板夹角(θ角)、耻骨联合上缘与骶骨下缘连线和躯体长轴垂线之间的夹角(角B),比较各参数在不同性别、年龄段间的差异。结果骶骨解剖学参数性别间比较,角B女性大于男性(P<0.001),其余无统计学差异;年龄组间比较,0~6岁组与13~18岁组SS、SK、α、β、θ,以及7~12岁组与13~18岁组SS差异有统计学意义,其余无统计学差异。结论未成年人生长发育过程中骶骨形态无性别差异,女性骶骨下缘与耻骨联合上缘所成角度大于男性。随年龄增长未成年人骶骨上端倾斜程度逐渐增加,骶骨下端倾斜程度逐渐减小。为获得更加清晰的骶骨影像,需根据性别、年龄调整X线入射角度。

基于三通道并行的高反光物体三维形貌测量

传统条纹投影技术测量高反光物体时因过度曝光导致相机失真,而常用的多重曝光时间法采集图像数量过多、耗时过长,为此提出了一种基于三通道并行的条纹投影强度预测与图像融合的方法。该方法根据被测物体的光强直方图分布计算条纹最佳投影光强比例关系,投影对应的红绿蓝条纹。利用彩色相机在多光通道下对投影条纹的不同响应,分离对应条纹图像并选择其中不饱和并且调制度最大的像素生成各自通道的图像掩膜,根据三通道下的掩膜图像和条纹图像合成高动态范围条纹图。通过相位解算与系统标定,最终恢复出高反光金属平面与球面零件的三维形貌。实验结果表明,该方法测量误差减小至传统方法的61.2%,同样采集12张条纹图像,仅增加1张预投影图像,提高系统适应性的同时也提升了测量精度。

基于轻量型移动测量系统的地外熔岩管3D探测与地表验证

熔岩管广泛存在于地球及地外天体,可为人类未来登陆地外天体提供天然庇护,地外熔岩管探测具有重要意义。然而,熔岩管探测存在许多挑战,已有的地球熔岩管探测方案设备不便携、自动化程度和工作效率低,难以用于地外熔岩管探测。针对上述问题,提出一种基于轻量型移动测量系统的熔岩管3D探测方法,利用穿戴式设备实现高效精细的地图构建和三维形态表达,并通过地球熔岩管探测进行验证。首先利用激光扫描高效获取熔岩管内点云,并基于迭代卡尔曼滤波算法生成熔岩管3D点云实时地图。然后结合地面滤波、管道壁提取、法向量估计等点云智能处理方法,实现熔岩管的三维智能化重建,并作形态学分析。选取海南省海口市的仙人洞及七十二洞作为地外熔岩管的模拟场景进行实验,结果表明,所提方法实现了熔岩管3D实时自主测图,生成的点云地图及3D模型相比于已有研究结果更精准、地貌形态细节信息更多,可更好地满足熔岩管的形态分析需求,有望为地外熔岩管探测提供基础。

基于3D结构核磁分析遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍及阿尔茨海默病患者脑灰质体积的改变及与认知损害的相关性

目的:探讨遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍(amnestic mild cognitive impairment,aMCI)和阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者与正常老年人的灰质体积和皮质厚度差异,分析其与认知水平之间的关系,为临床诊断aMCI及早期AD提供依据。方法:前瞻性纳入a MCI患者23例、AD患者22例及正常对照(Healthy control,HC)组23例。对所有受试者进行脑结构MRI扫描,使用CAT12的Segment功能对3D-T1MRI图像行基于体素的形态学测量和表面形态学测量,获得所有受试者特定脑区的灰质体积及皮质厚度。并运用神经心理学量表进行认知功能评测。分析3组间主要结构灰质体积、皮质厚度的差异,从差异脑区中提取感兴趣区,并探究其与认知量表评分的相关性。结果:3组间方在多个脑区存在差异(FWE校正,P<0.05),差异脑区体积与蒙特利尔认知评估(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)量表评分有明显相关性(P<0.05);且不同脑区体积与认知域的相关性大小有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论:a MCI及AD患者脑灰质体积及脑皮质存在不均匀分布的减小。左侧海马、嗅皮质、脑岛的提前萎缩可能是影响AD患者早期认知功能的原因。

白皮松溃疡病菌的鉴定、生物学特性及其对不同杀菌剂的敏感性研究

近年来,白皮松溃疡病在陕西省大量发生,严重影响了白皮松的经济和生态价值。为明确白皮松溃疡病的病原,通过组织分离法和柯赫氏法则致病性验证,分离获得白皮松溃疡病菌。通过组织切片观察、形态学特征及ITS-RPB2-β-tubulin序列的串联分析,将白皮松溃疡病菌鉴定为子囊菌门真菌Nothophoma quercina。该病原真菌在胡萝卜固体培养基上生长最快,最适碳源为淀粉,最适氮源为蛋白胨和牛肉浸膏,最适培养温度为25℃,最适pH为5~8。杀菌剂室内毒力测定结果表明,白皮松溃疡病菌对9种供试杀菌剂表现出不同的敏感性,除甲霜灵外,该病菌对化学杀菌剂的敏感性显著强于生物源杀菌剂,在化学杀菌剂中,白皮松溃疡病菌对苯醚甲环唑最敏感,EC 50仅为0.108 mg·L^(-1),其次分别为已唑醇、嘧菌酯和多菌灵,其相应的EC 50分别为0.212、0.625 mg·L^(-1)和0.628 mg·L^(-1);生物源杀菌剂中,该病菌对小檗碱和蛇床子素较敏感,其相应的EC 50分别为11.914 mg·L^(-1)和17.375 mg·L^(-1)。研究结果能为白皮松溃疡病的有效防控提供指导依据。

基于“入径结构”的城市街区形态测度方法

为了加强物质形态与行为活动的关联性分析,本文基于街道、场地和建筑三种形态要素之间的拓扑连接关系,提出量化表述城市街区形态特征的“入径结构”方法。建立了街区基本结构以及互锁、并合、套叠三种复杂结构类型的认知理念,基于图论工具提出复杂性指标体系及其计算方法。以南京为例,通过分析高楼门街区的内部构成逻辑,以及不同时期的三个城市中心区的街区类型特征,验证了该方法在两个尺度上的实用性与有效性。为认知城市街区形态结构的内在组织逻辑提供了一种科学的测量方法,也为城市设计在微观层面的精细化和数字化发展建立了技术基础。

东北稻区淹水胁迫下水稻反应机理及减灾措施

近年来,由于全球气候变暖引发的极端天气现象不断加剧,东北地区亦频繁发生洪涝灾害,对水稻生产造成严重威胁。文章探讨了淹水胁迫对水稻形态结构、产量和品质的影响机理,提出了洪涝灾害后的水稻减灾措施,包括及时排水清淤、分类治理受损植株、加强病虫害监测、科学合理使用农药等。