Effect of UV radiation aging on creepage discharge characteristics of high temperature vulcanized silicon rubber at high altitude

The physicochemical properties and creepage discharge characteristics of aged high temperature Vulca nized(HTV)silicone rubber materials were investigated by ultraviolet radiati on(UV)aging method in this study.The experimental results show that as the aging time increases,the creepage discharge flashover voltage increases first and then decreases.But the aging time has little effect on the creepage discharge inception voltage.With the aging time prolonged,the discharge endurance time of HTV silicone rubber is shortened,and the creepage discharge development velocity is accelerated.In the short time of applying voltage to aging material,the magnitude of discharge in creases rapidly.According to the partial discharge characteristic parameters of creepage discharge,the whole creepage discharge process is partitioned into four stages.Compared with unaged HTV silicone rubber,the aged HTV silicone rubber has less fluctuation in performance parameters and a clear trend.The study found that UV aging not only affects the physicochemical and hydrophobic properties of the HTV silicone rubber,but also accelerates the development of creepage discharge under AC voltage.

Pyrolysis of vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber via ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation

Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)is widely used in tires in the automotive segment and vulcanization using sulfur is a common process to enhance its mechanical properties.However,the addition of sulfur as the cross-linking agent usually results in impurities in pyrolysis products during rubber recycling,and thus the desulfurization during tire pyrolysis attracts much attention.In this work,the pyrolysis of vulcanized SBR is studied in detail with the help of Reax FF molecular dynamics simulation.A series of crosslinked SBR models were built with different sulfur contents and densities.The following Reax FF MD simulations were performed to show products distributions at different pyrolysis conditions.The simulation results show that sulfur products distribution is mainly controlled by sulfur contents and temperatures.The reaction mechanism is proposed based on the analysis of sulfur products conversion pathway,where most sulfur atoms are bonded with hydrocarbon radicals and the rest transfer to H_(2)S.High sulfur contents tend to the formation of elemental sulfur intermediate,and temperature increase facilitates the release of H_(2)S.

Hydrophilicity Modification of Addition-cured Room Temperature Vulcanization Silicone Rubber

Allyl terminated polyether was used to improve the hydrophilicity of addition-cured room temperature vulcanization silicone rubber. With the increasing of the polyether, both the hydrophilicity and water absorbed of the vulcanizates were increased. The mechanical properties were also improved by adding the polyether. The result showed that 1.5wt% of the polyether provided the silicone rubber with proper hydrophilicity.

STUDIES ON SELF-VULCANIZING FLUOROELASTOMER/PHENOL HYDROXY SILICONE RUBBER BLENDS

Self-vulcanizing blends of phenol hydroxy silicone rubber (PHSR) and fluoroelastomer (FPM) were prepared. Vulcanized rubbers with lower glass transition temperature (T(g)) were successfully obtained. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) show that the vulcanized FPM/PHSR (10 phr) blend has only one T(g) temperature, demonstrating the well compatibility between FPM and PHSR. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrates that the PHSR do little damage to the thermal stability of FPM. The vulcanization characteristics of the FPM/PHSR blends were analyzed by using oscillating disc rheometer (ODR). The results show that FPM/PHSR blends have smaller S(min) values and longer scorch time than that of FPM with the same level of bisphenol AF curing agent. It means that FPM/PHSR blends have better processability and curing security. Better mechanical properties can be gained for FPM/PHSR blends at appropriate level of PHSR.

Sealing properties and structure optimization of packer rubber under high pressure and high temperature

During hydraulic fracturing operations of low-permeability reservoirs,packers are the key component to ensure the success of multistage fracturing.Packers enable sections of the wellbore to be sealed off and separately fractured by hydraulic pressure,one at a time,while the remainder of the wellbore is not affected.However,reliable sealing properties of the packer rubber are required to meet the high-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)conditions of reservoirs(such as 70 MPa and 170 ℃).In this study,the structures of the packer rubber with two different materials are optimized numerically by ABAQUS and validated by experiments.The optimization process starts from the packer rubber with a conventional structure,and then,the weakest spots are identified by ABAQUS and improved by slightly varying its structure.This process is iterative,and the final optimized structure of a single rubber barrel with expanding back-up rings is achieved.For the structure of three rubber barrels with metallic protective covers,both HNBR and AFLAS fail under HPHT conditions.For the final optimized structure,the packer rubber made of AFLAS can work better under HPHT than that made of HNBR which ruptures after setting.The results show that the optimized structure of a single rubber barrel with expanding back-up rings and the material AFLAS are a good combination for the packer rubber playing an excellent sealing performance in multistage fracturing in horizontal wells.

COORDINATION CROSSLINKING OF NITRILE RUBBER FILLED WITH COPPER SULFATE PARTICLES

By incorporating copper sulfate （CuSO4） particles into acrylonitrile butadiene rubber （NBR） followed by heat pressing, a novel vulcanization method is developed in rubber through the formation of coordination crosslinking. This method totally differs from traditional covalent or non-covalent vulcanization approaches of rubber. No other vulcanizing agent or additional additive is involved in this process. By analyzing the results of DMA, XPS and FT-IR, it is found that the crosslinking of CuSO4 particles filled NBR was induced by in situ coordination between nitrogen atoms of nitrile groups （-CN） and copper ions （Cu^2＋） from CuSO4. SEM and EDX results revealed the generation of a core （CuSO4 solid particle）- shell （adherent NBR） structure, which leads to a result that the crosslinked rubber has excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC） and liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber （LNBR） were used as mobilizer to improve the coordination crosslinking of CuSO4/NBR. The addition of PVC or LNBR could lead to higher crosslink density and better mechanical properties of coordination vulcanization. In addition, crystal water in CuSO4 played a positive role to coordination crosslinking of rubber because it decreased the metal point of CuSO4 and promoted the metal ionization.

EFFECTS OF SOME PHENYLETHYNYLSILICON COMPOUNDS ON HEAT-CURABLE SILICONE RUBBER Ⅲ 1, 1, 3, 3-TETRAMETHYL-1, 3-DIPHENYLETHYNYL-DISILOXANE

We have shown that some phenylethynylsilicon compounds are good cure crosslinkersof heat-curable silicone rubber(HCSR). In this paper the effects of 1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyl-1, 3-diphenylethynyldisiloxane (TMDPDS) as a crosslinker on HCSR were studied. Thevulcanizates with fine mechanical properties could be obtained with suitable amounts ofTMDPDS. Sol fractions, and crosslinking density of vulcanizates and vulcanizationretardation effect of TMDPDS on hydrosilation curing silicone rubber were also discussed.

RuRh Bimetallic Nanoparticles Stabilized by 15-membered Macrocycles-terminated Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimer:Preparation and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrile–Butadiene Rubber

A new fourth-generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer(G4-M) containing 32 triolefinic 15-membered macrocycles on the surfaces has been synthesized. The bimetallic Ru Rh dendrimer-stabilized nanoparticles(DSNs) were first prepared within G4-M by a co-complexation route. The new G4-M dendrimer has been characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared radiation, and elemental analysis.The dendrimer-stabilized bimetallic ions and reduction courses were analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy. Highresolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer were used to characterize the bimetallic nanoparticle size, size distribution, and particle morphology. The Ru Rh bimetallic DSNs showed high catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of nitrile-butadiene rubber.

Study the Effect of Recycled Tire Rubber on the Mechanical and Rheological Properties of TPV (HDPE/Recycled Tire Rubber)

Thermoplastic elastomeric blends prepared from blending of (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50 wt%) high density polyethylene(HDPE) and (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50 wt%) ground rubber tire (TPV-R). The blends prepared contain (HDPE)/polybutadiene (TPV-V). The two blends were successfully prepared through a dynamic vulcanization process, involving dicumyl peroxide (3%) as vulcanizing agent. The data of the mechanical (tensile strength at yield, %elongation and young modulus) and rheological properties (shear stress, shear rate, viscosity, flow behavior index and activation energy of melt flow) of the TPV-V and TPV-R showed that there was comparable results between the two blends.

液体丁腈橡胶YN25对丁腈橡胶2980的改性

将液体丁腈橡胶(牌号YN 25)与丁腈橡胶(NBR)2980进行机械共混制备了NBR 2980 M,研究了YN 25加入量对NBR 2980 M混炼胶的门尼黏度、硬度和硫化特性及硫化胶拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,随YN 25加入量增加,NBR 2980 M的门尼黏度、50 min的300%定伸应力、拉伸强度、最大和最小转矩均呈线性下降,扯断伸长率及25 min、50 min和90 min三个转矩差硫化时间均线性上升,而混炼胶硬度的变化不明显。YN 25在NBR 2980 M中的质量分数每增加1%,混炼胶门尼黏度下降0.78,50 min的300%定伸应力、拉伸强度、最大和最小转矩分别下降0.15 MPa、0.17 MPa、0.12 dN·m和0.02 dN·m,扯断伸长率及25 min、50 min和90 min三个硫化时间分别增加4.1%、0.05 min、0.08 min和0.18 min。

不溶性硫磺用环保橡胶填充油的制备及性能评价

以环烷基减一线馏分油为原料,经加氢精制工艺得到环保橡胶填充油(简称橡胶油),以此环保橡胶油制备充油型不溶性硫磺,并对其应用性能进行评价。结果表明:加氢精制工艺可以制备满足欧盟2005/69/EC法规要求的环保橡胶油,以此环保橡胶油制备的充油型不溶性硫磺具有优良的使用性能,有效地拓宽了减一线馏分油的应用领域,实现油品向特色化工品的转变。

环保橡胶增塑剂RAE作橡胶填充油的性能研究

以环烷基减压渣油为原料,制备高芳碳含量的环保橡胶增塑剂RAE,将其与进口处理芳烃油进行对比研究。试验结果表明,RAE可作为填充油制备充油乳聚丁苯橡胶,充油丁苯橡胶的生胶性能、化学组成、结构组成等与使用进口处理芳烃油合成的充油丁苯橡胶性能相近;使用RAE制备的充油丁苯橡胶,在半钢胎胎面胶配方中,具有良好的混炼胶性能、硫化胶物理性能和动态力学性能。

环氧化溶聚丁苯橡胶改性的溶聚丁苯橡胶/白炭黑复合材料的性能

将环氧度为15%的环氧化溶聚丁苯橡胶作为改性剂,研究了环氧化溶聚丁苯橡胶对溶聚丁苯橡胶/白炭黑复合材料的加工性能、物理机械性能、动态力学性能及白炭黑分散性等的影响。结果表明,环氧化溶聚丁苯橡胶的加入减缓了复合材料的硫化速率,混炼胶中的结合胶含量增大;溶聚丁苯橡胶/白炭黑硫化胶的定伸应力、耐磨性及回弹性能提高,压缩生热降低,同时硫化胶的抗湿滑性能得到提升、滚动阻力下降。

天然橡胶/三元乙丙橡胶并用胶辐射交联制备及其耐热空气老化性能

针对天然橡胶(NR)/三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)并用胶共混效果不佳和耐老化性能较差的问题,本研究采用辐射交联技术制备了天然橡胶/三元乙丙橡胶并用胶,通过与热交联制备的并用胶对比,明确了辐射交联工艺对共混效果的促进作用。重点分析了NR/EPDM共混胶中生胶并用比和辐射交联等因素对老化前后并用胶力学性能的影响规律。热空气老化前,随着EPDM占比的增大,热交联样品的初始拉伸强度和伸长率曲线呈先降低后上升趋势,而辐射交联样品初始拉伸强度和伸长率呈线性下降趋势,说明辐照处理改善了EPDM/NR并用胶初始力学性能,辐射交联提高了NR和EPDM分子之间交联结构的完善性。热空气老化后,辐射交联样品的性能下降幅度小于热交联的样品,说明在热交联基础上,引入辐射技术可以提升辐射交联样品热老化后的伸长率保持率,尤其是在NR占比较大的情况下,辐射样品性能下降幅度能减小约50%。由此说明,利用辐射交联技术制备天然橡胶/三元乙丙橡胶并用胶具有比传统热硫化交联具有更好的耐热空气老化性能。

3种汽车密封条用TPV的性能研究

研究了3种国产汽车密封条用热塑性硫化橡胶(TPV)产品(TPV-1,TPV-2,TPV-3)的力学性能、耐热性能、微观形貌和热氧老化性能。结果表明:3个产品的树脂相可能均为嵌段共聚聚丙烯(PP)。3个产品中,TPV-3的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度均最大,TPV-1的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均最小,TPV-1和TPV-2的撕裂强度相当,TPV-1的耐热性能和热氧老化性能均最好,TPV-3的耐热性能最差,TPV-2和TPV-3的热氧老化性能相当,在温度70℃、时间22 h、压缩率25%下,TPV-1的压缩永久变形最大,TPV-3最小,在温度23℃、时间72 h、压缩率25%下,TPV-1和TPV-3的压缩永久变形相当,TPV-2的压缩永久变形最小。

对氨基水杨酸镧对天然橡胶硫化特性的影响

以氯化镧和对氨基水杨酸钠为原料,采用沉淀法合成了新型环保促进剂对氨基水杨酸镧(PAS-La)。通过元素分析、热分析和红外光谱分析等方法对产物进行了表征并确定其分子式为La(C_(7)H_(6)NO_(3))_(3)·H_(2)O。利用无转子硫化仪、平衡溶胀法和万能试验机考察了PAS-La对天然橡胶硫化特性、交联密度和力学性能的影响,并对硫化动力学进行了分析。结果表明,随着PAS-La添加量的增加,天然橡胶的正硫化时间存在最大值,焦烧时间先减小后增大;硫化胶的交联密度增大,力学性能明显增强。当PAS-La的添加量为1.2份(质量)时,其对天然橡胶的硫化促进作用达到最佳。动力学计算发现,随着PAS-La添加量的增加,交联前驱体的反应活性增强,活化能先减小再增大。

氯丁橡胶硫化反应动力学

以1,2-亚乙基硫脲为促进剂、氧化锌和氧化镁为硫化剂对氯丁橡胶进行硫化,采用差示扫描量热法研究了氯丁橡胶的非等温硫化反应动力学,通过Kissinger方程和Crane方程计算了硫化反应的动力学参数,并采用硫化仪法研究了等温硫化反应的动力学,计算了硫化反应热硫化阶段的表观活化能。结果表明,n级动力学模型可以有效描述氯丁橡胶的非等温硫化过程,硫化反应的表观活化能为92.78 kJ/mol,反应级数为0.93;氯丁橡胶的等温硫化过程可以分为焦烧阶段、热硫化阶段和平坦硫化阶段,其中热硫化阶段符合一级反应动力学特征,此时表观活化能为53.38 kJ/mol。

胶管硫化-传热耦合模拟

将导热微分方程热源项与橡胶热物性参数视为硫化度与温度的相关函数,建立传热与硫化的耦合计算方程,并基于C语言编写UDF子程序,对FLUENT软件进行二次开发,实现了传热与硫化的耦合计算。模拟结果表明,靠近管壁的外层胶很快到达硫化温度,而靠近管芯的内层胶到达硫化温度需要较长时间,存在明显的温度梯度。当硫化进行到一定时间后,胶管截面各部位温度差异逐渐减小,各部位温度几乎相同,此时胶管各层的传热达到平衡状态。

微波在橡胶加工领域的研究进展及发展趋势

在简要概述微波加热基本原理的基础上,重点阐述微波在橡胶凝固、干燥、硫化和废旧橡胶再生以及资源化利用等橡胶加工领域的研究进展。研究表明,微波凝固环保、高效,缩短时间,提升橡胶的力学、热、物理和电学性能等;在微波干燥过程中产生微孔结构,提高水分扩散率,结合微波加热特性,实现快速、均匀地干燥,大幅节省时间;微波硫化提高加热效率、改善硫化均匀性,加快硫化过程;微波脱硫再生能快速、均匀地加热和选择性断裂硫键,提升回收材料的经济和环保竞争力。微波加热技术具有良好的经济价值和工业化前景,指出了今后的研究重点,以期为微波在橡胶加工领域大规模工业化应用提供参考。

橡胶胶囊硫化模具的结构设计

以硬质铝合金2A14-T6作原材料设计并制做了橡胶胶囊充气式硫化模具;使用电脑软件ANSYS-Workbench建立了硫化模具热力耦合模型,分析了力学强度、模具厚度和热膨胀变形量并利用相关理论校验了分析结果。结果表明,设计的三个半硫化模具有力保证了橡胶胶囊硫化成型过程中尺寸和厚度稳定;力学强度、模具厚度和热膨胀变形量校验结果符合技术要求;橡胶胶囊硫化模具满足用户使用要求。