To address human dependence on natural resources and anthropogenic impacts on ecosystem health,understanding and management of the linkages between nature and human well-being(HWB)are urgently needed.One fundamental b...To address human dependence on natural resources and anthropogenic impacts on ecosystem health,understanding and management of the linkages between nature and human well-being(HWB)are urgently needed.One fundamental barrier is the lack of quantitative indicators and models that integrate HWB with direct and indirect drivers of change in natural resources.While primary surveys provide the most valid HWB measures,extensive new data collection is often costly,especially for large-scale studies.Therefore,it is vital to develop methods and indices based on existing data(e.g.,census data,survey data)for real-world application.To address this,we propose a new method of using structural equation modeling to construct robust,spatially explicit HWB indices from existing data and demonstrate its validity and usefulness in Cambodia.Our method is scale-free and applicable to different frameworks and data sources and thus supports relatively easy replication in many other contexts.Further application and refinement could improve understanding of human-nature interactions,move toward robust theory development,and guide natural resource management decisions.展开更多
Restoring lifeline services to an urban neighborhood impacted by a large disaster is critical to the recovery of the city as a whole.Since cities are comprised of many dependent lifeline systems,the pattern of the res...Restoring lifeline services to an urban neighborhood impacted by a large disaster is critical to the recovery of the city as a whole.Since cities are comprised of many dependent lifeline systems,the pattern of the restoration of each lifeline system can have an impact on one or more others.Due to the often uncertain and complex interactions between dense lifeline systems and their individual operations at the urban scale,it is typically unclear how different patterns of restoration will impact the overall recovery of lifeline system functioning.A difficulty in addressing this problem is the siloed nature of the knowledge and operations of different types of lifelines.Here,a city-wide,multi-lifeline restoration model and simulation are provided to address this issue.The approach uses the Graph Model for Operational Resilience,a data-driven discrete event simulator that can model the spatial and functional cascade of hazard effects and the pattern of restoration over time.A novel case study model of the District of North Vancouver is constructed and simulated for a reference magnitude 7.3 earthquake.The model comprises municipal water and wastewater,power distribution,and transport systems.The model includes 1725 entities from within these sectors,connected through 6456 dependency relationships.Simulation of the model shows that water distribution and wastewater treatment systems recover more quickly and with less uncertainty than electric power and road networks.Understanding this uncertainty will provide the opportunity to improve data collection,modeling,and collaboration with stakeholders in the future.展开更多
基金funding from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation(grant number 3519).
文摘To address human dependence on natural resources and anthropogenic impacts on ecosystem health,understanding and management of the linkages between nature and human well-being(HWB)are urgently needed.One fundamental barrier is the lack of quantitative indicators and models that integrate HWB with direct and indirect drivers of change in natural resources.While primary surveys provide the most valid HWB measures,extensive new data collection is often costly,especially for large-scale studies.Therefore,it is vital to develop methods and indices based on existing data(e.g.,census data,survey data)for real-world application.To address this,we propose a new method of using structural equation modeling to construct robust,spatially explicit HWB indices from existing data and demonstrate its validity and usefulness in Cambodia.Our method is scale-free and applicable to different frameworks and data sources and thus supports relatively easy replication in many other contexts.Further application and refinement could improve understanding of human-nature interactions,move toward robust theory development,and guide natural resource management decisions.
文摘Restoring lifeline services to an urban neighborhood impacted by a large disaster is critical to the recovery of the city as a whole.Since cities are comprised of many dependent lifeline systems,the pattern of the restoration of each lifeline system can have an impact on one or more others.Due to the often uncertain and complex interactions between dense lifeline systems and their individual operations at the urban scale,it is typically unclear how different patterns of restoration will impact the overall recovery of lifeline system functioning.A difficulty in addressing this problem is the siloed nature of the knowledge and operations of different types of lifelines.Here,a city-wide,multi-lifeline restoration model and simulation are provided to address this issue.The approach uses the Graph Model for Operational Resilience,a data-driven discrete event simulator that can model the spatial and functional cascade of hazard effects and the pattern of restoration over time.A novel case study model of the District of North Vancouver is constructed and simulated for a reference magnitude 7.3 earthquake.The model comprises municipal water and wastewater,power distribution,and transport systems.The model includes 1725 entities from within these sectors,connected through 6456 dependency relationships.Simulation of the model shows that water distribution and wastewater treatment systems recover more quickly and with less uncertainty than electric power and road networks.Understanding this uncertainty will provide the opportunity to improve data collection,modeling,and collaboration with stakeholders in the future.
