Personality rights are basic rights related to human dignity in the concept of human rights protection,and respect for personality rights is the basic prerequisite for safeguarding other human rights.Human rights prot...Personality rights are basic rights related to human dignity in the concept of human rights protection,and respect for personality rights is the basic prerequisite for safeguarding other human rights.Human rights protection exerts a profound impact on the value of legislation and enforcement practices of private international laws in the field of cross-border personality rights infringement in various countries,which is mainly manifested in the integration of substantive justice and the humanistic care concept of protecting the rights of vulnerable groups into formal justice,and expands the development space of human rights protection ideas in cross-border personality rights and tort conflict laws.the diversity of human rights protection values determines that cross-border personality rights infringement may lead to conflicts between personality rights and other basic rights,such as freedom of speech.to reconcile such conflicts,a workable method is to prioritize personality rights protection in accordance with the hierarchy of rights theory in the value judgment of public order reservation or to clarify the limits of the right holder’s tolerance obligation through the limited application of the principle of proportionality.China’s current cross-border personality rights and tort conflict law can optimize the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups by diversifying the options of available legal methods,and establish a balancing mechanism between personality rights and freedom of speech,so as to improve China’s legal protection system for human rights in the field of foreign-related civil and commercial affairs.展开更多
The goal of the paper is to conduct an exploratory review and analyses of the dynamics of the pandemic focusing on two themes:pandemic morbidity and vulnerable populations.Method:Review of literature,anecdotal evidenc...The goal of the paper is to conduct an exploratory review and analyses of the dynamics of the pandemic focusing on two themes:pandemic morbidity and vulnerable populations.Method:Review of literature,anecdotal evidence,and reports on the morbidity of COVID-19;including scope of its devastating effects in selected countries.Findings:The devastating effects of the coronavirus are felt across different vulnerable populations.These include the elderly,front line workers,marginalized communities,visible minorities,and more.Inadequate and sometimes conflicting remarks by“experts”have only contributed in exacerbating the confusion in the general population.However,compassion and empathy from different communities have had positive effects on mitigating some of the health outcomes like mental health and other health-related effects of the pandemic.Institutional support needs to be strengthened,especially with regard to individual risks and supply chain coordination:personal protection equipment(PPE),masks,swabs,reagents,etc.The challenge in Africa is especially daunting,because of limited and inadequate financial resources and infrastructure,as confirmed by the health budget allocations as a percentage of their respective GDP(gross domestic product).Discussion:The effects of the COVID-19 are producing unprecedented and catastrophic outcomes in many countries.These have been exacerbated by the level of unpreparedness and inadequate degrees of prevention and intervention strategies.With a few exceptions,the common and current intervention approach is driven by many unknowns including compilation of relevant reliable and compelling data sets.Vulnerable communities continue to suffer most:a situation that is highlighted in this essay as one attempt to remind institutions of their duty to provide appropriate support,including compassion and empathy to these populations.The repercussions of no or inadequate action are numerous,significant,and mind-boggling with unpredictable future outcomes and possible dire consequences.The continuous carnage caused by COVID-19 is a wake-up call reminding all stakeholders(public and private institutions)that once again the inequality infiltrating vulnerable populations needs to be effectively addressed with emphasis on affordability,improved quality of life,and an inclusive long-term strategic plan.Ubiquitous and inadequate supply chain coordination mechanisms have been a major deterrent towards mitigating the effects of this coronavirus pandemic.展开更多
Background: China has a relative high degree of endemism of birds due to its large area, diversified topography, and varied climates and habitats. Among the 77 Chinese endemic birds, 29 species are classified as threa...Background: China has a relative high degree of endemism of birds due to its large area, diversified topography, and varied climates and habitats. Among the 77 Chinese endemic birds, 29 species are classified as threatened according to the officially released China Biodiversity Red List in 2015. Chinese endemic birds should be the focus of conservation because their local extinction in China means complete global extinction. However, to date, no study has explicitly examined the patterns and processes of extinction and threat in Chinese endemic birds. Methods: We obtained eleven biological traits and four extrinsic factors that are commonly hypothesized to influence extinction risk. After phylogenetic correction, these factors were used separately and in combination to assess their associations with extinction risk. Results: We found that 37.7% of Chinese endemic birds were listed as threatened (Vulnerable, Endangered and Critically Endangered). Small range size, high hunting vulnerability, and high human population density were important predictors of high extinction risk in Chinese endemic birds. Conclusions: Our study is the first to systematically investigate the patterns and processes of extinction risk in Chinese endemic birds. We suggest that endemic species with small range size and living in area with high human densities require conservation priorities. Conservation efforts should also focus on the reduction of human threats, such as human hunting and habitat degradation, for the effective preservation of Chinese endemic birds.展开更多
基金the National Social Science Fund Major Project“Research on the Construction of Systems Applicable Outside the Chinese Jurisdiction in the Perspec-tive of Private International Law”(Project Approval Number 20&ZD202)the National Social Science Fund Key Project“Empirical Research on Judges’Discretion in Foreign-related Civil Trials in China”(Project Approval Number 19AFX026).
文摘Personality rights are basic rights related to human dignity in the concept of human rights protection,and respect for personality rights is the basic prerequisite for safeguarding other human rights.Human rights protection exerts a profound impact on the value of legislation and enforcement practices of private international laws in the field of cross-border personality rights infringement in various countries,which is mainly manifested in the integration of substantive justice and the humanistic care concept of protecting the rights of vulnerable groups into formal justice,and expands the development space of human rights protection ideas in cross-border personality rights and tort conflict laws.the diversity of human rights protection values determines that cross-border personality rights infringement may lead to conflicts between personality rights and other basic rights,such as freedom of speech.to reconcile such conflicts,a workable method is to prioritize personality rights protection in accordance with the hierarchy of rights theory in the value judgment of public order reservation or to clarify the limits of the right holder’s tolerance obligation through the limited application of the principle of proportionality.China’s current cross-border personality rights and tort conflict law can optimize the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups by diversifying the options of available legal methods,and establish a balancing mechanism between personality rights and freedom of speech,so as to improve China’s legal protection system for human rights in the field of foreign-related civil and commercial affairs.
文摘The goal of the paper is to conduct an exploratory review and analyses of the dynamics of the pandemic focusing on two themes:pandemic morbidity and vulnerable populations.Method:Review of literature,anecdotal evidence,and reports on the morbidity of COVID-19;including scope of its devastating effects in selected countries.Findings:The devastating effects of the coronavirus are felt across different vulnerable populations.These include the elderly,front line workers,marginalized communities,visible minorities,and more.Inadequate and sometimes conflicting remarks by“experts”have only contributed in exacerbating the confusion in the general population.However,compassion and empathy from different communities have had positive effects on mitigating some of the health outcomes like mental health and other health-related effects of the pandemic.Institutional support needs to be strengthened,especially with regard to individual risks and supply chain coordination:personal protection equipment(PPE),masks,swabs,reagents,etc.The challenge in Africa is especially daunting,because of limited and inadequate financial resources and infrastructure,as confirmed by the health budget allocations as a percentage of their respective GDP(gross domestic product).Discussion:The effects of the COVID-19 are producing unprecedented and catastrophic outcomes in many countries.These have been exacerbated by the level of unpreparedness and inadequate degrees of prevention and intervention strategies.With a few exceptions,the common and current intervention approach is driven by many unknowns including compilation of relevant reliable and compelling data sets.Vulnerable communities continue to suffer most:a situation that is highlighted in this essay as one attempt to remind institutions of their duty to provide appropriate support,including compassion and empathy to these populations.The repercussions of no or inadequate action are numerous,significant,and mind-boggling with unpredictable future outcomes and possible dire consequences.The continuous carnage caused by COVID-19 is a wake-up call reminding all stakeholders(public and private institutions)that once again the inequality infiltrating vulnerable populations needs to be effectively addressed with emphasis on affordability,improved quality of life,and an inclusive long-term strategic plan.Ubiquitous and inadequate supply chain coordination mechanisms have been a major deterrent towards mitigating the effects of this coronavirus pandemic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31100394,31471981 and 31770462 to WY)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LZ18C030002 to WY)China Scholarship Council(201506320019 to CC)
文摘Background: China has a relative high degree of endemism of birds due to its large area, diversified topography, and varied climates and habitats. Among the 77 Chinese endemic birds, 29 species are classified as threatened according to the officially released China Biodiversity Red List in 2015. Chinese endemic birds should be the focus of conservation because their local extinction in China means complete global extinction. However, to date, no study has explicitly examined the patterns and processes of extinction and threat in Chinese endemic birds. Methods: We obtained eleven biological traits and four extrinsic factors that are commonly hypothesized to influence extinction risk. After phylogenetic correction, these factors were used separately and in combination to assess their associations with extinction risk. Results: We found that 37.7% of Chinese endemic birds were listed as threatened (Vulnerable, Endangered and Critically Endangered). Small range size, high hunting vulnerability, and high human population density were important predictors of high extinction risk in Chinese endemic birds. Conclusions: Our study is the first to systematically investigate the patterns and processes of extinction risk in Chinese endemic birds. We suggest that endemic species with small range size and living in area with high human densities require conservation priorities. Conservation efforts should also focus on the reduction of human threats, such as human hunting and habitat degradation, for the effective preservation of Chinese endemic birds.
